129 lines
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129 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document id="43CF8E7D93C6E524F67E45464FC6D532" ID-DOI="10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" ID-ISSN="1536-9307" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13237351" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1721353212353" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Soleglad, Michael E. & Fet, Victor" docDate="2003" docId="038A87D5D735F533FC9F5D96FD7F57BA" docLanguage="en" docName="Euscorpius.11.1-175.pdf" docOrigin="Euscorpius 2003 (11)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A.3:Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleId="05AD4CDCECA6C90C60787CEF3EC4672A" docStyleName="Euscorpius.2002-2019.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Palaeopisthacanthidae Kjellesvig-Waering 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FFB3FFADD74CF549FFA15E77FFB0560F" masterDocTitle="High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)" masterLastPageNumber="175" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1722954143772" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BF7B0BC8AA9C17F45A49D50B049B09BE">High-level systematics and phylogeny of the extant scorpions (Scorpiones: Orthosterni)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6693FF62BA14712D990C1AF89F0CB06C">Soleglad, Michael E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5AC96918C9684DC3BC62FEC28D146081">Fet, Victor</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="3B1063493D23F9E38BF85B28C06205C4">Euscorpius</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AC404B285151BF76D5F838416DDE8605">2003</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C27428937A3AEE77A59D63DFF4972468">2003-12-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E7BB41D439A1E8776C15D51D9FA67974">2003</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7CEFBD3A442E71A56D3B3B9B8D87C71F">11</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="86EA2F2FF0B8E7024B89E457E8279129">http://dx.doi.org/10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="D7F92D40658008BE0810311E5DA491B9">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="316490EFFAB5BBA90B60F646A34EFA08" type="DOI">10.18590/euscorpius.2003.vol2003.iss11.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="438AB97D2940E464BB1C2D337A6D0BC3" type="ISSN">1536-9307</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038A87D5D735F533FC9F5D96FD7F57BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12785310" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12785310" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038A87D5D735F533FC9F5D96FD7F57BA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038A87D5D735F533FC9F5D96FD7F57BA" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D735F530FC9F5D96FC53521B" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FC9F5D96FC53521B" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<heading id="D0D481AFD735F530FC9F5D96FC53521B" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" reason="5">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FC9F5D96FC38521B" bold="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FC045D96FCC4521B" authority="Kjellesvig-Waering, 1986" authorityName="Kjellesvig-Waering" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeopisthacanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Palaeopisthacanthidae Kjellesvig-Waering, 1986</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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Extinct.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D735F530FCCF5A6DFAEA50C5" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FCCF5A6DFC5A5242" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<typeStatus id="54988861D735F530FCCF5A6DFC13523E" box="[878,931,1050,1073]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Type</typeStatus>
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Genus.
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FBB55A6DFCC75242" authority="Petrunkevitch, 1913" authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1913" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeopisthacanthidae" genus="Palaeopisthacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FBB55A6DFB44523E" box="[1044,1268,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Palaeopisthacanthus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D735F530FAA45A6DFCC75242" author="PETRUNKEVITCH" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 137" refId="ref95538" refString="PETRUNKEVITCH, A. 1913. A monograph of the terrestrial Paleozoic Arachnida of North America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 18: 1 - 137." type="journal article" year="1913">Petrunkevitch, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FC205A41FC3E5242" bold="true" box="[897,910,1078,1101]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">–</emphasis>
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Extinct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FCCF5A25FA8E52AD" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FCCF5A25FBB05266" bold="true" box="[878,1024,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Composition.</emphasis>
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The family includes three genera (Jeram, 1994a, 1994b, 1998; Fet, 2000e):
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FAB35A18FBAD52AD" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FAB35A18FCDD52AD" authorityName=", Kjellesvig-Waering" authorityYear="1986" class="Arachnida" genus="Compsoscorpius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Compsoscorpius</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FCD95AFCFBAD52AD" authorityName="Jeram" authorityYear="1994" box="[888,1053,1163,1186]" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeopisthacanthidae" genus="Cryptoscorpius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cryptoscorpius</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FBF65AFCFA8752AD" authorityName="Petrunkevitch" authorityYear="1913" box="[1111,1335,1163,1186]" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeopisthacanthidae" genus="Palaeopisthacanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FBF65AFCFA8752AD" box="[1111,1335,1163,1186]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Palaeopisthacanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FCCF5ADDFBD852D0" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FCCF5ADDFBC952CE" bold="true" box="[878,1145,1194,1217]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Geological occurrence.</emphasis>
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Upper Carboniferous of Europe and North America.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FCCF5A90FB895398" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FCCF5A90FBF452F1" bold="true" box="[878,1092,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Taxonomic history</emphasis>
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. This family was assigned by Kjellesvig-Waering (1986) to his superfamily “
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FAEE5B72FC255334" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scorpionoidea">Scorpionoidea</taxonomicName>
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” in a very broad sense, equivalent to the current infraorder
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FC125B34FB805355" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1911" box="[947,1072,1347,1370]" class="Arachnida" infraOrder="Orthosterni" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Orthosterni</taxonomicName>
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. We emphatically do not include it either in our
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FC425B16FB305377" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[995,1152,1377,1400]" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="197" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Scorpionoidea">Scorpionoidea</taxonomicName>
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, or in any other extant superfamily or parvorder.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FCCF5BE8FAEA50C5" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FCCF5BE8FBDE53B9" bold="true" box="[878,1134,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Biogeographic history</emphasis>
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. Palaeopisthacanthids, the first known orthostern scorpions, inhabited a wet, humid, tropical flood-basin forest (Jeram, 2001). The European and North American Carboniferous record of
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D735F530FC9F586EFB9B503F" authorityName="Kjellesvig-Waering" authorityYear="1986" box="[830,1067,1561,1584]" class="Arachnida" family="Palaeopisthacanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Palaeopisthacanthidae</taxonomicName>
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has no particular biogeographic importance for further evolution of orthostern scorpions. The age of these fossils corresponds to the beginning of Pangea formation, and it was in Pangea for the next 100 Ma in Permian/Triassic that orthostern lineages evolved and dispersed, surviving as four extant parvorders.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D735F530FCCF58A6FC3B5129" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FCCF58A6FC3B5129" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FCCF58A6FC6C50E7" bold="true" box="[878,988,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. See Kjellesvig-Waering (1986: 232) and Jeram (1994a: 523) for details on the diagnosis of this family.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3396548D735F533FCCF595AFD7F57BA" lastPageId="122" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="121" pageNumber="118" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D735F530FCCF595AFA10516C" blockId="121.[830,1441,993,1891]" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">
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<emphasis id="B957EAD1D735F530FCCF595AFC56514B" bold="true" box="[878,998,1837,1860]" italics="true" pageId="121" pageNumber="118">Discussion</emphasis>
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. Absence of Carboniferous orthostern fossils from southern continents is due to a much better
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B9C36C3D736F533FF615EB0FD7F57BA" blockId="122.[192,802,199,437]" pageId="122" pageNumber="119">
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representation and knowledge of coal deposits in the northern continents. The exclusively preserved, rich Carboniferous fossils of Europe and North America (Jeram, 2001) include
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<taxonomicName id="4C234D40D736F533FE155F54FD9E5735" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1911" box="[436,558,291,314]" class="Arachnida" infraOrder="Orthosterni" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scorpiones" pageId="122" pageNumber="119" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="infraOrder">Orthosterni</taxonomicName>
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as well as many other scorpion lineages, which did not survive to our time. Palaeopisthacanthids are the sister group to all extant scorpions (Jeram, 1994a;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB24B32D736F533FE475F08FD525799" author="SOLEGLAD" box="[486,738,383,406]" pageId="122" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref97606" refString="SOLEGLAD, M. E. & V. FET. 2001. Evolution of scorpion orthobothriotaxy: a cladistic approach. Euscorpius, 1: 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2001">Soleglad & Fet, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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), and therefore the key taxon for rooting extant groups.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |