670 lines
78 KiB
XML
670 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document id="7EC410B784A310E0BA6EA8960138524B" ID-CLB-Dataset="20147" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7cc353a-a9b3-4520-8f9d-70567574e65b" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6375098" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1647938871334" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Matthews, Peter J., Nguyen, Van Du, Fang, Qiong & Long, Chun-Lin" docDate="2022" docId="03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 541 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.7:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Colocasia spongifolia P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFC7FF84FFFFD410FFF4FFDD4723E04E" masterDocTitle="Colocasia spongifolia sp. nov. (Araceae) in southern China and central Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="9" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1699318404102" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="79BBE87D18546E3F7DDEC1E3496077F1">
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<mods:title id="E47E7ACD9BBB9ECA31F7DE5ACC341885">Colocasia spongifolia sp. nov. (Araceae) in southern China and central Vietnam</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="C6863DE929F8E771B1D3A0A9CDF2A639" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F25C12C8C75B522075CE89A90D8BF760">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB9EE5B30AACA8313A435B7B48587428">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B82F0EF90696BE785DD1D1256B59DD8B">Matthews, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1429B43024D0184F45A7D9942FBD0D3F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2563-0976</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="8BCB59075D2A3746FD531CBDDBDC74C3">National Museum of Ethnology, Senri Expo Park 10 - 1, Suita, Osaka 565 - 8511, Japan. & pjm @ minpaku. ac. jp; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2563 - 0976</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="64EAD81CA2C33864D1B0EEE5162EE13C" type="email">pjm@minpaku.ac.jp</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="2FB0ED5A99FBD32338C49B3633D970C7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B3D841D444EE9C1BF2CDED638BBAB8E4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D1349C91D1F7BF794720A05E940FF3BA">Nguyen, Van Du</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="541A0355FD05A4E7ED474168551E51B6" type="ORCID">0000-0003-1703-4058</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6BEC08BE4FB7622135B1692F2CE50C61">Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR) - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), A 11 - 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. & Graduate University of Science and Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam. & vandu 178 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1703 - 4058</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="053C871BDFCC281D1F1F0B154A007C23" type="email">vandu178@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="43952B9E8F4DC3B5DB35AE81C00FFF64" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D7B23A0633F3B02BC51E46E8785862B0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E6B12F37C968B8508B60709F1D21CCF8">Fang, Qiong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6C73091FB7FE7B2EDC110187CCDD79F6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-0715-2184</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="B3AE1DB45C2D49EAFA46A6B51A48860E">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China. & qiongfang 620 @ foxmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0715 - 2184</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C8E55D89258FD1841EC49299C8593533" type="email">qiongfang620@foxmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="3B75804B512CB333777D931F61957875" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="19B41E77E7BAC45C4C841B068C7DA6FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FF559249BE5A5975EC82B7629C1BE34E">Long, Chun-Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7CCCA8A004A499A049DAF5FA67527FD2" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6573-6049</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="37366805D9D813272E8E4580AFD00879">College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, 27 Zhong-guan-cun South Ave., Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China. & Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China. & long @ mail. kib. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6573 - 6049</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D55F4046966B0C236B1A9DDC4EFC3BC5" type="email">long@mail.kib.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3DE1D574EE25535BC2D3C9EC270C523C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE283C119FA800520CFD65F6559B40F4">
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<mods:title id="017C6436EE8245D02320376F115733A8">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="0FB74B8476D6425AB82E09263C02FD5A">
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<mods:date id="1061A5F8105EC0E8680C6C9D4F85C814">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3035360F82455960C093CBC771E4F1FD" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="22057843C08C4D7F289B0E0FF89558CC">2022-03-22</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="56991E54D97C3DFB55644403B96FF36C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="E6D23167852EF5934BB14867EA49E808">541</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="6192BB67B989D2E37445A29B84CD0C1B" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9D21C926DD33CD3EDD9EBBA1A0292344">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C44044A2EA73CA3FF37E3F81D8D56810">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="83485368ABEEAF364CDBA4102641E38E">9</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="DD22492F1C0FD077526CE8197BE0D913">
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<mods:url id="4FF7E42E9210166CF7CF5DC3B1B04759">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="E9A532E9721A185C9BAA7763E92EF83E">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="67FA69EA262593A9E7CD29F4E4A1EE1B" type="CLB-Dataset">20147</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9B8D4C25337A545CFE9CA8F11AD47B3B" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="641002BA2F1D3A38B1B404AA42804F07" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="71A466DEC3A43AA9F328E583647B2DD3" type="Zenodo-Dep">6375098</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6379321" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194205764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6379321" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFDD412FF7CFDA9427FE2C1" box="[136,1372,628,655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFDD412FF7CFDA9427FE2C1" blockId="2.[136,1372,628,655]" box="[136,1372,628,655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="D0A08186FFFDD412FF7CFDA9427FE2C1" box="[136,1372,628,655]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FF7CFDA94489E2C0" authority="P.J.Matthews, V.D.Nguyen, Q.Fang & C.L.Long" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[136,938,628,655]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FF7CFDA946A1E2C1" bold="true" box="[136,386,628,655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colocasia spongifolia</emphasis>
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P.J.Matthews, V.D.Nguyen, Q.Fang & C.L.Long
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2105783FFFDD412FC41FDA8432FE2C1" box="[949,1036,629,655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FC41FDA84327E2C0" box="[949,1028,629,654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. nov</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
(Figs. 2A, B & 5A, C–I
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8848FFFDD412FAD6FDA84277E2C1" box="[1314,1364,629,655]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">type</typeStatus>
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||
)
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFDD412FF7CFD6046EEE3C5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFDD412FF7CFD6046EEE3C5" blockId="2.[136,1452,700,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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In contrast to
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FEDFFD614532E298" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[299,529,700,726]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FEDFFD614532E298" box="[299,529,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Colocasia esculenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FDD6FD61459EE298" authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1919" box="[546,701,700,726]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FDD6FD61459EE298" box="[546,701,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. formosana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FD3AFD61441AE298" authorityName="Long & Li" authorityYear="2000" box="[718,825,700,726]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gongii">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FD3AFD61441AE298" box="[718,825,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. gongii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other species,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FBEEFD61439FE298" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[1050,1212,700,726]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FBEEFD61439FE298" box="[1050,1212,700,726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a thick, rubbery leaf blade with smooth underside (vs thin, not-rubbery, with raised interprimary veins on underside). It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FF7CFCD94637E350" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[136,276,772,798]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FF7CFCD94637E350" box="[136,276,772,798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. esculenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FED7FCD9469EE350" authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1919" box="[291,445,772,798]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FED7FCD9469EE350" box="[291,445,772,798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. formosana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FE39FCD94574E350" authorityName="Long & Liu" authorityYear="2001" box="[461,599,772,798]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lihengiae">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FE39FCD94574E350" box="[461,599,772,798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. lihengiae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and other species by having a stem without side-tubers or stolons (vs with side-tubers or stolons) and staminodes absent or rare at base of female zone (vs many or abundant throughout the male zone). It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FE8BFC91452DE328" box="[383,526,844,870]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lihengeae">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FE8BFC91452DE328" box="[383,526,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. lihengeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FDE9FC9145EAE328" box="[541,713,844,870]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="yunnanensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FDE9FC9145EAE328" box="[541,713,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. yunnanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and some cultivars of
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFDD412FC22FC914341E328" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[982,1122,844,870]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FC22FC914341E328" box="[982,1122,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">C. esculenta</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by having a sterile appendix (vs much reduced or absent).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFDD412FF7CFC614592E470" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFDD412FF7CFC614592E470" blockId="2.[136,1452,956,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FF7CFC6147E1E39F" bold="true" box="[136,194,956,977]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type:</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FF36FC6147F4E39F" box="[194,215,956,977]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">—</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CB7FFFDD412FF2CFC61458EE470" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3713890301" collectionCode="V, S, K, HN, A" country="Vietnam" county="Elevation" elevation="1201" latitude="16.194254" location="Th" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.84932" municipality="Do Quyen Villa'" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
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<collectingCountry id="F340767AFFFDD412FF2CFC614669E39F" box="[216,330,956,977]" name="Vietnam" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="8E886031FFFDD412FEA7FC61464DE39C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6:8E886031FFFDD412FEA7FC61464DE39C" box="[339,366,956,978]" country="Vietnam" county="Elevation" latitude="16.194254" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.84932" municipality="Do Quyen Villa'" name="Th" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Th</location>
|
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ừa
|
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<location id="8E886031FFFDD412FE78FC6146CAE39D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6:8E886031FFFDD412FE78FC6146CAE39D" box="[396,489,956,979]" country="Vietnam" county="Elevation" latitude="16.194254" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.84932" municipality="Do Quyen Villa'" name="Thien Hu" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Thiên Hu</location>
|
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ế,
|
||
<location id="8E886031FFFDD412FDF4FC614577E39F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6:8E886031FFFDD412FDF4FC614577E39F" box="[512,596,956,978]" country="Vietnam" county="Elevation" latitude="16.194254" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.84932" municipality="Do Quyen Villa'" name="Phu Loc" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phu Loc</location>
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,
|
||
<location id="8E886031FFFDD412FDABFC614589E39C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6:8E886031FFFDD412FDABFC614589E39C" box="[607,682,956,978]" country="Vietnam" county="Elevation" latitude="16.194254" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.84932" municipality="Do Quyen Villa'" name="Loc Tri" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Loc Tri</location>
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,
|
||
<location id="8E886031FFFDD412FD40FC6144B8E39C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87FCFFFDD416FF7CFDA9422CE4E6:8E886031FFFDD412FD40FC6144B8E39C" box="[692,923,956,978]" country="Vietnam" county="Elevation" latitude="16.194254" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="107.84932" municipality="Do Quyen Villa'" name="Bach Ma National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Bach Ma National Park</location>
|
||
, on the route from park headquarters to mountain top, and ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FEFCFC3D461AE3B8" box="[264,313,992,1014]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
|
||
before the hotel ‘
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8CAC90FFFDD412FE14FC3D45A5E3B8" box="[480,646,992,1014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Do Quyen Villa’</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62894E66FFFDD412FD64FC3D45CFE3B8" box="[656,748,992,1014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Elevation</collectingCounty>
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FD06FC3D4467E3BB" box="[754,836,992,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.201" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1201.0">
|
||
<elevation id="007AD1D9FFFDD412FD06FC3D4467E3BB" box="[754,836,992,1013]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.201" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="1201.0">1,201 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Lat.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63502DFFFDD412FC8DFC3D433BE3BB" box="[889,1048,991,1014]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="39.32" value="16.194254">
|
||
16
|
||
<superScript id="7C229BA2FFFDD412FC65FC0244BBE3A5" attach="left" box="[913,920,991,1003]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
|
||
11’39.32” N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. Long.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE63502DFFFDD412FB95FC3D4220E3BB" box="[1121,1283,991,1014]" degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" precision="1" seconds="57.54" value="107.84932">
|
||
107
|
||
<superScript id="7C229BA2FFFDD412FB71FC0243AFE3A5" attach="none" box="[1157,1164,991,1003]" fontSize="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
|
||
50’57.54” E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; 25th May, 2019,
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FF49FBD946D0E457" box="[189,499,1028,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Nguyen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FEF8FBD94638E457" box="[268,283,1028,1049]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. D. & Nguyen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FE5CFBD94694E457" box="[424,439,1028,1049]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FE4BFBD946F1E457" box="[447,466,1028,1049]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
. 01
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8848FFFDD412FE0BFBD94576E454" box="[511,597,1028,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FDAEFBD945A7E454" box="[602,644,1028,1050]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
|
||
!),
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FD6CFBD944EDE457" box="[664,974,1028,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Nguyen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FD13FBD945D5E457" box="[743,758,1028,1049]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. D. & Nguyen
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FC77FBD944B1E457" box="[899,914,1028,1049]" country="Sweden" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FC6EFBD9448EE457" box="[922,941,1028,1049]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
. 02
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(isotype
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FBD3FBD94372E454" box="[1063,1105,1028,1050]" country="Viet Nam" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13708" name="National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">HN</collectionCode>
|
||
!).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFDD412FB90FBD94357E457" box="[1124,1140,1028,1049]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
single gathering; each specimen with stem, leaves, inflorescences (no fruit or seeds)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFDD413FF49FBB14399E3C6" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFDD413FF49FBB14399E3C6" blockId="2.[136,1452,1132,2059]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,905]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FF49FBB14626E4C8" box="[189,261,1132,1158]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Habit.</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized herb, up to ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FD90FBB1459AE4C9" box="[612,697,1132,1159]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="120.0">120 cm</quantity>
|
||
height (in open, sunny locations), perennial; usually single, never forming dense spreading colonies (clumps or patches) (Fig. 1).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FCADFB4D432AE4E4" box="[857,1033,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Stem and roots.</emphasis>
|
||
Stem erect, or decumbent with erect apical part; up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FEAFFB694687E481" box="[347,420,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="14.0">14 cm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FDEBFB69454CE481" box="[543,623,1204,1231]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam.; adaxial buds single in each leaf axil, rarely forming new stem; side-tubers and stolons absent (Fig. 2). Outer skin surface white, or green on older stems where exposed to light, and covered by fibrous brown remnants of petiole tissue; leaf scars obvious, brown to light brown; inner skin (stem cortex) white; inner parenchyma white, not starchy, exuding clear gum (presumed glucomannan) when cut; roots white (occasionally purple where exposed to light), abundant, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FCBAFA9944B6E511" box="[846,917,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FC14FA99431CE511" box="[992,1087,1348,1375]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, with many secondary rootlets of ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FED3FAB5465FE5CD" box="[295,380,1384,1411]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter emerging from the primary roots.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FC90FAB44499E5CC" box="[868,954,1385,1410]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leaves.</emphasis>
|
||
Two to several; blade ovate-cordate, peltate, with rounded posterior lobes, shallow sinus, and apiculate anterior lobe; mature blade size highly variable, with a maximum recorded length (from anterior tip to line defined by tips of posterior lobes) of ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FB66FA6D43F9E585" box="[1170,1242,1456,1483]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="58.0">58 cm</quantity>
|
||
, on ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FADBFA6D42A3E585" box="[1327,1408,1456,1483]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="116.0">116 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall petiole; blade waxy (not shining), darker green above, pale or milky green under, anterior lobe tilting down (Figs. 1 & 3). The central veins of the anterior and posterior lobes and the primary lateral veins (pinnate ribs) are raised and pale green on underside; submarginal collective and marginal veins are both distinct, separated by laminal tissue, the former ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FEF4F99D467EE615" box="[256,349,1600,1627]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
from edge of blade, the latter close to edge (Fig. 3 A); margins of the posterior lobes fused between each lobe, forming a relatively shallow sinus (deeper in older or larger blades) (Figs 1, 3B). Interprimary (secondary to tertiary) veins are not raised on underside, which is distinctly smooth. Spongy mesophyll envelops the interprimary veins and is thicker next to primary lateral veins (Fig. 3 C, D). In reflected light, underside appears porous with “false pores” where epidermis is clear above mesophyll cavities (Fig. 3 C, D). The blade feels and looks rubbery when touched and bent by hand, forming axial wrinkles (Fig. 3C); milky-green colour of underside is most apparent when light is reflected by the white epidermal layer (Fig. 3C, D). Air cavities in spongy mesophyll (180–360 um diam.) are obvious to eye as lighter spots when viewed from below with light transmitted from above (and none reflecting off the lower surface) (Fig. 3E), or as dark cavities in reflected light when the lower epidermis is peeled away (Fig. 3F). Petiole bright green (pale green or white at base), slender, cylindrical; petiolar sheath extending to 1/2–2/3 of the petiole length; edge of sheath prominent after younger leaf has emerged, but not wide-flaring.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFDD412FB6FF875421BE78C" box="[1179,1336,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Inflorescence.</emphasis>
|
||
Peduncle,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FF7CF81147DAE7A9" box="[136,249,1996,2023]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="cm" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25–30 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, cylindrical, upper cross-section sub-triangular (proximal face
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FBF3F8114357E7A9" box="[1031,1140,1996,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="8.0">8–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
across, lateral faces
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFDD412FA91F811479BE845" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12–14 mm</quantity>
|
||
), medium to light green, covered by one cataphyll up to half of length; erect when young, later bending towards ground, bringing the fruiting head close to ground or into contact (Fig. 4A).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FC26FF43433DE0F6" box="[978,1054,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spathe</emphasis>
|
||
total length up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FB12FF43420DE0F7" box="[1254,1326,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="19.0">19 cm</quantity>
|
||
; minimally constricted between lower tube and upper limb; lower tube conical, sub-triangular, 4.5–5.0 cm long, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FAEDFF1F4246E093" box="[1305,1381,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="2.3">2.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam. at base,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FF10FF3B4613E14F" box="[228,304,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam. at apex, medium green; limb convoluted before opening; nearly oblong when fully open, 11.5– 14.0 cm long, 5.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FE94FED7468EE16B" box="[352,429,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="5.5">5.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide, tip remaining convoluted and acuminate (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FC2CFED74332E16B" box="[984,1041,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long) after opening; yellow to light yellow, with papaya-like scent; upper spathe reflexes after anthesis, away from spadix (Fig. 5A).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FB32FEF34231E106" box="[1222,1298,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Spadix</emphasis>
|
||
much shorter than spathe,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FEE9FE8F46ACE123" box="[285,399,338,365]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; female (pistillate) zone of young spadix strongly conical, with sub-triangular crosssection (proximal face
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FE7DFEAB4521E1DF" box="[393,514,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="11.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="10.0">10–12 mm</quantity>
|
||
across, lateral faces
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FD1DFEAB4447E1DF" box="[745,868,374,401]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="16.0" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="15.0">15–17 mm</quantity>
|
||
; similar to upper peduncle), becoming cylindrical at upper end (4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FECEFE4746B3E1FB" box="[314,400,410,437]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam.); pistils dark green; staminodes absent, or rare at base of female zone; sterile interstice (between male and female zones) constricted or not,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FD2BFE634468E197" box="[735,843,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="11.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="8.0">8–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, upper part ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FBC1FE634354E197" box="[1077,1143,446,473]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam., covered by looselyspaced synandrodes; male (staminate) zone cylindrical, slightly narrower at upper end, 2.8–3.0 cm long, ca. 5.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FA7DFE3F4797E26F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam., dull yellow; covered closely by male flowers joined in synandria; sterile appendix slender, tapering,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FA75FDDB4789E20B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="cm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FEEDFDF74679E20B" box="[281,346,554,581]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
diam. at base, dull yellow, surface wrinkled (Fig. 5C, D). Ovary sub-globose to cylindrical, crosssection quadrilateral, apex rounded,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FDD8FD9345A6E227" box="[556,645,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FD37FD934424E227" box="[707,775,590,617]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, dark green, glossy; stigma disciform, 4 blunt lobes, sessile, 1-locular; ovules abundant, parietal, orthotropous, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FCAEFDAF44C6E2C3" box="[858,997,626,653]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (Fig. 5D–G). Staminodes yellow, flask-shaped, smaller than pistil. Synandrodes porcelain-white, flattened, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FC1DFD4B4308E2FF" box="[1001,1067,662,689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, outline mostly oblong (Fig. 5C). Synandrium cylindrical,
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FE2FFD67453DE29B" box="[475,542,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
tall, 6–8 androus with connate stamens; apical pores 6–8; anther sacs in lateral pairs, each sac with an apical pore; pollen extruded as a loosely self-adhering mass; adjacent synandria appressed with lobes often interlocking (Fig. 5H, I).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FDC5FCDF45F7E352" box="[561,724,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Infructescence</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig. 5J) composed of lower spathe tube enclosing many green berries (up to ca. 200), berries firm and green when young and expanding, soft and yellow-green to orange at maturity; mature seeds ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FEB0FC974685E32B" box="[324,422,842,869]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="1.25">1.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, uniform, light brown, oval, pointed at each end, with ca. 12 regular longitudinal ridges; average seed number per berry 40+/–(range 0–60+); total seed number per head up to ca. 8,000.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF286662FFFCD413FF7CF8D644AEE7FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6379325" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6379325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6379325/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" startId="3.[136,229,1803,1825]" targetBox="[151,1435,929,1778]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFCD413FF7CF8D644AEE7FF" blockId="3.[136,1452,1803,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FF7CF8D647DEE76F" bold="true" box="[136,253,1803,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE.</emphasis>
|
||
Blades of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFCD413FE93F8D146CDE76E" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[359,494,1803,1825]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FE93F8D146CDE76E" box="[359,494,1803,1825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FE0EF8D64528E76E" bold="true" box="[506,523,1803,1824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FE0EF8D64528E76E" box="[506,523,1803,1824]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Sub-marginal and marginal collective veins, with laminal tissue (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FB74F8D143F1E76F" box="[1152,1234,1804,1825]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
|
||
) between.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FACDF8D1426AE76F" bold="true" box="[1337,1353,1804,1825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FACDF8D1426AE76F" box="[1337,1353,1804,1825]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Marginal collective veins fused below shallow sinus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FDC5F8F24561E70B" bold="true" box="[561,578,1839,1861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FDC5F8F24561E70B" box="[561,578,1839,1861]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Underside with spongy appearance produced by “false pores”; and thick, rubbery texture indicated by axial wrinkles formed in crease.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FDC2F8894564E727" bold="true" box="[566,583,1876,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Underside showing primary vein and pinnate lateral veins surrounded by spongy tissue.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FA61F889428FE727" bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1876,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FA61F8894285E727" box="[1429,1446,1876,1897]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sub-stomatal cavities revealed by transmitted light (scale unit
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFCD413FD15F8AA4419E7C3" box="[737,826,1911,1933]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FCBFF8A5447EE7C3" bold="true" box="[843,861,1912,1933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FCBFF8A5447AE7C3" box="[843,857,1912,1933]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sub-stomatal cavities revealed by removing lower epidermis (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FF7BF8414781E7FF" box="[143,162,1948,1969]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
–D: Mengla County, 2018.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FE5CF841469BE7FF" box="[424,440,1948,1969]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFCD413FE31F84146F0E7FF" box="[453,467,1948,1969]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15707" name="Field Museum of Natural History, Botany Department" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="Herbarium">F</collectionCode>
|
||
: Bach Ma NP seedling,
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFCD413FD4EF84145DBE7FF" box="[698,760,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
). Photos: PJM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF286662FFFBD414FF7CFBD04267E4C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6379331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6379331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6379331/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" startId="4.[136,229,1037,1059]" targetBox="[154,1433,193,1009]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFBD414FF7CFBD04267E4C1" blockId="4.[136,1452,1037,1167]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FF7CFBD047DDE46C" bold="true" box="[136,254,1037,1059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE.</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting heads and peduncles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFBD414FDB2FBD045ECE46C" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[582,719,1037,1058]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FDB2FBD045ECE46C" box="[582,719,1037,1058]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FD2FFBD045CFE46C" bold="true" box="[731,748,1037,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFBD414FD2FFBD045CFE46C" box="[731,748,1037,1058]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Site WP260; two peduncles have lost heads (arrows 1 and 2), the upper part (male zone) of one spadix lies on ground (arrow 3), and six attached heads all touch ground.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FBB7FBEC434CE408" bold="true" box="[1091,1135,1073,1094]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFBD414FBB7FBEC4371E408" box="[1091,1106,1073,1094]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFBD414FBABFBEC434CE408" box="[1119,1135,1073,1094]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Site WP251; a single, detached immature head with bite marks in upper and lower ends, and torn surface at junction with peduncle (at left in D–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFBD414FB40FB8B43E7E425" box="[1204,1220,1110,1131]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
|
||
). Scale bars:
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FAB5FB884258E425" box="[1345,1403,1109,1131]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
with
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FF7CFBA44794E4C1" box="[136,183,1145,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
units (main image);
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FE8BFBA4468DE4C1" box="[383,430,1145,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
|
||
with
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FE11FBA44537E4C1" box="[485,532,1145,1167]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
units (lower right);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFBD414FD22FBA445C6E4C0" box="[726,741,1145,1166]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||
–
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED46AE2FFFFBD414FD06FBA44421E4C0" box="[754,770,1145,1166]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
enlarged, without scale. (Bach Ma NP, 2018). Photos: PJM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFBD414FF49FB634525E4B2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFBD414FF49FB634525E4B2" blockId="4.[136,1452,1213,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FF49FB63466BE496" bold="true" box="[189,328,1214,1240]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology:</emphasis>
|
||
—The specific epithet is derived from the distinct character of the leaf blade (visibly spongy appearance and rubbery to touch).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFBD414FF49FADB46FDE759" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFBD414FF49FADB45FCE59D" blockId="4.[136,1452,1213,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FF49FADB4605E56E" bold="true" box="[189,294,1286,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecology:</emphasis>
|
||
—In contrast to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFBD414FDD6FAD845D3E551" box="[546,752,1285,1311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FDD6FAD845B7E551" box="[546,660,1285,1311]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, dense spreading colonies (clumps or patches) were not seen. The persistent adaxial buds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFBD414FE16FAF745A2E50D" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[482,641,1321,1348]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FE16FAF745A2E50D" box="[482,641,1321,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may support regeneration from fallen, decumbent stems. During
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FA97FAF74288E50D" box="[1379,1451,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
cultivation, it has been possible to force buds to sprout by removing the stem apex and placing the stem horizontally on damp soil. At Bach Ma, immature fruiting heads were marked by the teeth of an unknown terrestrial frugivore (possibly a seed disperser, and likely a small mammal), and living larvae of a specialist pollinator (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFBD414FB20FA484281E5FE" box="[1236,1442,1429,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FB20FA48425FE5E1" box="[1236,1404,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Colocasiomyia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were found between berries on mature fruiting heads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFBD414FF49FA0346FDE759" blockId="4.[136,1452,1213,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FF49FA034660E5B6" bold="true" box="[189,323,1502,1528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phenology:</emphasis>
|
||
—Initial field observations suggest seasonal patterns of flowering, fruiting and seedling growth in relation to rainfall and temperature. Rainfall is generally higher in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFBD414FC70F9DC431CE655" box="[900,1087,1537,1563]" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thua Thien-Hue</collectingRegion>
|
||
than Mengla (Climate-Data.org 2021), peaking in autumn in Hue (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FDF5F9F8457DE671" box="[513,606,1573,1599]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="600.0">600 mm</quantity>
|
||
/month, October–November) and summer in Mengla (
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FB47F9FB4232E671" box="[1203,1297,1573,1600]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
|
||
/month, July). Maximum daytime temperatures are similar in each area, with hot summers (28–
|
||
<superScript id="7C229BA2FFFBD414FBF6F9974305E619" attach="left" box="[1026,1062,1609,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">300</superScript>
|
||
C) in June–August. In Thua Thien-Hue, we saw early flowering in late May, and late fruiting with mature seeds in late September. These observations indicate a main phase of flowering during the months of peak temperature (May–August), with seed germination and early growth following in wet season. The months of peak temperature and rainfall coincide in Mengla, where young seedlings were seen in early May, at the start of the warm, wet summer. In both areas, wet conditions are likely to favour seedling establishment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFBD414FF49F8FC4303E7A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFBD414FF49F8FC4303E7A1" blockId="4.[136,1452,1213,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFBD414FF49F8FC467AE775" bold="true" box="[189,345,1825,1851]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
—Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340767AFFFBD414FE15F8FC4504E775" box="[481,551,1825,1851]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFBD414FDC6F8FF45AFE772" box="[562,652,1826,1852]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFBD414FABBF8FF428BE772" box="[1359,1448,1826,1852]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340767AFFFBD414FF7CF89847E8E711" box="[136,203,1861,1887]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(several sites NW, NE and SE from Mengla Township). Elevation:
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FC13F898434EE72E" box="[999,1133,1861,1888]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.09" metricValueMax="9.62" metricValueMin="6.56" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="809.0" valueMax="962.0" valueMin="656.0">656–962 m</quantity>
|
||
; max. straight-line distance between sites: ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FEA4F8B446BAE7CD" box="[336,409,1897,1924]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="52.0">52 km</quantity>
|
||
. Central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340767AFFFBD414FE0EF8B4457FE7CD" box="[506,604,1897,1923]" name="Vietnam" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFBD414FD91F8B44401E7CD" box="[613,802,1897,1923]" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thua Thien-Hue</collectingRegion>
|
||
: (1) Bach Ma National Park, Loc Tri district, Thua (several sites), (2) vic. Hong Kim, A Luoi District (one site), (3) vic. Huong Nguyen, A Luoi district (several sites). Elevation:
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FF7CF86C4603E782" box="[136,288,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.379999999999999" metricValueMax="12.01" metricValueMin="6.75" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="938.0" valueMax="1201.0" valueMin="675.0">675–1,201 m</quantity>
|
||
. Maximum straight-line distance between
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFBD414FD0AF86C449BE785" box="[766,952,1969,1995]" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thua Thien-Hue</collectingRegion>
|
||
sites: ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FBDDF86F4350E785" box="[1065,1139,1969,1996]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="70.0">70 km</quantity>
|
||
. Max. straight-line distance between northern and southern locations, Mengla to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFBD414FD21F80844B0E7A1" box="[725,915,2005,2031]" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Thua Thien-Hue</collectingRegion>
|
||
: ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFBD414FC30F808433FE7A1" box="[964,1052,2005,2032]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="km" value="500.0">500 km</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF286662FFFAD415FF7CFC294798E54B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6379334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6379334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6379334/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" startId="5.[136,229,1012,1034]" targetBox="[151,1434,193,983]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFAD415FF7CFC294798E54B" blockId="5.[136,1452,1012,1285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FF7CFC2947DDE447" bold="true" box="[136,254,1012,1034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE.</emphasis>
|
||
Floral habit and structure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FDE9FC294586E447" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[541,677,1012,1033]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FDE9FC294586E447" box="[541,677,1012,1033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FD46FC2945E0E447" bold="true" box="[690,707,1012,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8848FFFAD415FD3BFC2945DCE447" box="[719,767,1012,1033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FC92FC284482E444" box="[870,929,1013,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
with open, spathe limb (apex is reflexed out of view), and green spathe tube (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFAD415FE72FBC54697E463" box="[390,436,1048,1070]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
|
||
long).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FE0CFBC5452BE463" bold="true" box="[504,520,1048,1069]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Adjacent plant with inflorescences and prophylls.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FC06FBC54320E460" bold="true" box="[1010,1027,1048,1070]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Spadix showing from top: sterile appendix, staminate (male) zone, sterile interstice, and green pistillate (female) zone with tapered, conical form.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FB91FBE14355E41F" bold="true" box="[1125,1142,1084,1105]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail of female zone showing a few basal staminodes.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FE8AFBBD468EE438" bold="true" box="[382,429,1120,1142]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E–G</emphasis>
|
||
. Berries of the preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8848FFFAD415FD47FBBD45FFE43B" box="[691,732,1120,1141]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FCBBFBBD4441E438" bold="true" box="[847,866,1120,1142]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Dissected berry with orthotropous ovules (some outlined) attached by funicles to parietal placentae (arrows).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FD87FB5945A5E4D7" bold="true" box="[627,646,1156,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Surface of male zone showing closely-packed synandria.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FB4FFB5943E7E4D7" bold="true" box="[1211,1220,1156,1177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Synandria separated to show fused anther sacs beneath apical pores (example in center has 8 pores, 8 anthers)
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FC32FB7544F1E4F3" bold="true" box="[966,978,1192,1213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Mature fruiting head, with single berry removed to show seed packing and 67 seeds extracted (scale bar units:
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B0FFFFAD415FD14FB114439E4AF" box="[736,794,1228,1249]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (Bach Ma NP;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8848FFFAD415FC4DFB1144C1E4AF" box="[953,994,1228,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2020; fruit and seeds 2018). Photos: NVD and PJM.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFAD415FF49FAE9427EE64D" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFAD415FF49FAE9427EE64D" blockId="5.[136,1452,1332,2079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FF49FAE94600E500" bold="true" box="[189,291,1332,1358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
—Isolated single plants or small populations; usually seen on roadsides but also found distant from road; on humus and colluvium or in rock crevices, in damp to wet positions on moderate to steep slopes with evergreen humid or cloud forest; at forest edge or under canopy gap, with limited direct exposure to sunshine (lower montane environments). The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFAD415FE98FA7D4504E5F4" box="[364,551,1440,1466]" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thua Thien-Hue</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Mengla populations occupy a boundary region between the temperate and tropical Köppen-Geiger climate zones defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFFAD415FD33FA1944B8E590" author="Beck, H. E. & Zimmermann, N. E. & McVicar, T. R. & Vergopolan, N. & Berg, A. & Wood, E. F." box="[711,923,1476,1502]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="180214" refId="ref5842" refString="Beck, H. E., Zimmermann, N. E., McVicar, T. R., Vergopolan, N., Berg, A. & Wood, E. F. (2018) Present and future Koppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1 - km resolution. Nature Scientific Data 5: 180214. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / sdata. 2018.214" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Beck
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FCFEFA184466E590" box="[778,837,1476,1502]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2018)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, namely Cwa/Aw in Mengla, and Cwa/Am in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFAD415FF7CFA354662E64C" box="[136,321,1512,1538]" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Thua Thien-Hue</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Cwa = temperate dry winter, hot summer; Aw = tropical savannah; Am = tropical monsoon).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFAD415FF49F9D14375E604" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFAD415FF49F9D14375E604" blockId="5.[136,1452,1332,2079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FF49F9D14644E668" bold="true" box="[189,359,1548,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Conservation:</emphasis>
|
||
—Common but not abundant in each area of known distribution. Main threat may be loss of forest habitat near roads. Many locations are in conservation areas and appear well protected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D6561FFFAD416FF49F989422CE4E6" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFFAD415FF49F9894381E850" blockId="5.[136,1452,1332,2079]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FF49F989462AE620" bold="true" box="[189,265,1620,1646]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Notes:</emphasis>
|
||
—The key below keeps the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FD7FF9884437E620" authorityName="Long & Liu" authorityYear="2001" box="[651,788,1620,1647]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lihengiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FD7FF9884437E620" box="[651,788,1620,1647]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lihengiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though a previously reported Indian representative of this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFFAD415FF13F9A546F5E6DC" author="Gogoi, R. & Borah, S." box="[231,470,1656,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="27 - 37" refId="ref6237" refString="Gogoi, R. & Borah, S. (2013) Two new species and a new record for Colocasia (Araceae: Colocasieae) from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 65: 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="2013">Gogoi & Borah 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is now recognised as synonym for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FC92F9A44399E6DD" authority="Hooker (1893: 524)" authorityName="Hooker" authorityPageNumber="524" authorityYear="1893" box="[870,1210,1656,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FC92F9A444F7E6DC" box="[870,980,1657,1683]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. mannii</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFFAD415FC2FF9A54399E6DD" author="Hooker, J. D." box="[987,1210,1656,1683]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="490 - 556" refId="ref6405" refString="Hooker, J. D. (1893) Aroideae. The Flora of British India, Vol. VI (Part XIX). L. Reeve & Co., London, pp. 490 - 556." type="book chapter" year="1893">Hooker (1893: 524)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is an edible wild leaf vegetable in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F808FFFAD415FEB8F94046BBE6F9" box="[332,408,1693,1719]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFFAD415FE5DF941455AE6F8" author="Gogoi, R. & Borah, S. & Sarma, J." box="[425,633,1692,1718]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" pagination="131 - 134" refId="ref6279" refString="Gogoi, R., Borah, S. & Sarma, J. (2019) Taxonomic identity and lectotypification of Colocasia mannii (Araceae), a little known species from Northeast India. Nelumbo 61: 131 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.20324 / nelumbo / v 61 / 2019 / 146168" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Gogoi
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FE0DF9404510E6F8" box="[505,563,1692,1718]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FD79F9404434E6F8" authorityName="Long & Liu" authorityYear="2001" box="[653,791,1692,1719]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lihengiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FD79F9404434E6F8" box="[653,791,1692,1719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. lihengiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(c.f.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FCA2F94044E4E6F8" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1893" box="[854,967,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mannii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FCA2F94044E4E6F8" box="[854,967,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. mannii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) may have a complex history if economic use was widespread in the past. In our key, division of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FD1EF91D447FE694" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" box="[746,860,1728,1754]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FD1EF91D447FE694" box="[746,860,1728,1754]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
into stoloniferous and non-stoloniferous groups may correspond to previously-suggested acaulescent (often tuberous) and caulescent (erect) sections (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFFAD415FB3EF9394273E6B0" author="Mayo, S. J. & Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C." box="[1226,1360,1764,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref6888" refString="Mayo, S. J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C. (1997) The Genera of Araceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 370 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 03531 - 3 _ 7" type="book" year="1997">
|
||
<date id="FFE9102AFFFAD415FB3EF9394273E6B0" box="[1226,1360,1764,1790]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1997-05">Mayo 1997</date>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Krause 1920). Stolons can be easily recognised as present or absent, but when stems are young, short, or often decumbent, it is difficult to classify them as erect or not. Stem position with respect to ground surface often reflects wind, water and soil conditions in sloping, semi-aquatic, or cultivated habitats. Tuberous, stout, erect, decumbent and rhizomatous habits are widespread in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FEA0F8A845AEE7C0" authority="(Mayo et al. 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Mayo" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[340,653,1908,1935]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">
|
||
Araceae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFFAD415FE4BF8A945A6E7C0" author="Mayo, S. J. & Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C." box="[447,645,1908,1934]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref6888" refString="Mayo, S. J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C. (1997) The Genera of Araceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 370 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 03531 - 3 _ 7" type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Mayo
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FDFDF8A84561E7C0" box="[521,578,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, so taxa sharing one or more of these morphologies are not necessarily closely related. There might not be any general correlation between stem habit and other traits, though the present key suggests that erect species lack stolons and side-tubers, which in turn may reflect shy sprouting by adaxial buds. Erect stems with condensed nodes (where adaxial buds are located) are common in the sub-family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FB28F83D4260E7B4" authorityName="Matthews & Nguyen & Fang & Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[1244,1347,2016,2042]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Aroideae">Aroideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
to which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FF7CF7D947D9E850" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" box="[136,250,2052,2078]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FF7CF7D947D9E850" box="[136,250,2052,2078]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs, and are found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FDD7F7D945A6E850" box="[547,645,2052,2078]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FDD7F7D945A6E850" box="[547,645,2052,2078]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Alocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFFAD415FD48F7D9440DE850" authorityName="K.H.E.Koch" authorityYear="1862" box="[700,814,2052,2078]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Steudnera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FD48F7D9440DE850" box="[700,814,2052,2078]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Steudnera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for example (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFFAD415FC25F7D943B5E850" author="Mayo, S. J. & Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C." box="[977,1174,2052,2078]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refId="ref6888" refString="Mayo, S. J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C. (1997) The Genera of Araceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 370 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 03531 - 3 _ 7" type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Mayo
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFFAD415FBEFF7D84370E850" box="[1051,1107,2052,2078]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFF9D416FF49FF42465CE106" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Four characters described here for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FDCEFF4245F4E0F6" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[570,727,158,185]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FDCEFF4245F4E0F6" box="[570,727,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have not been described in detail in previous reports of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FACEFF4347FEE092" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FACEFF43428FE0F6" box="[1338,1452,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: margination of the leaf blade, spongy mesophyll cavity dimensions in the leaf blade, adaxial buds (including their abundance within an axil, and their development into lateral shoots), and peduncle orientation at the time of fruiting. All of these may be ecologically significant characters and require further study across the genus. Notes for each character follow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFF9D416FF49FE8F446FE20B" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(1) Leaf margination varies greatly in aroids generally (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B1BFFF9D416FCCEFE8F4327E122" author="Mayo, S. J. & Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C." box="[826,1028,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refId="ref6888" refString="Mayo, S. J., Bogner, J. & Boyce, P. C. (1997) The Genera of Araceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 370 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 03531 - 3 _ 7" type="book" year="1997">
|
||
Mayo
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FC71FE8E44E3E122" box="[901,960,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Among
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FB81FE8F4263E122" box="[1141,1344,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FB81FE8F43C4E122" box="[1141,1255,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we see a marginal vein compression series (forms i-iv), with two marginal vein
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8848FFF9D416FC62FEAA44F2E1DF" box="[918,977,375,401]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
||
located near or compressed at the edge: (i) No obvious marginal vein or submarginal collective vein (both
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8848FFF9D416FCBFFE4644A5E1FB" box="[843,902,411,437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
||
apparently fully merged into the blade edge). (ii) A submarginal collective vein near the edge, with no obvious marginal vein. (iii) A sub-marginal collective vein slightly separate from an inconspicuous marginal vein near the edge. (iv) A sub-marginal collective vein clearly separated by laminal tissue from an obvious marginal vein near the edge. Forms i–iii are found in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FB8EFDDB4265E26E" box="[1146,1350,518,544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FB8EFDDB43CFE26E" box="[1146,1260,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while iv is typical in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FEE6FDF64693E20A" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[274,432,554,581]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FEE6FDF64693E20A" box="[274,432,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in wild plants and seedlings
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FD08FDF64467E20A" box="[764,836,555,580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFF9D416FF49FD934383E2B6" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(2) Few data are available on spongy mesophyll cavity dimensions in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FC18FD93437DE226" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" box="[1004,1118,590,616]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FC18FD93437DE226" box="[1004,1118,590,616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our own initial observation indicates an approximate range of 100–200 um diam. in planar view (after peeling off the lower epidermis) of a single, fresh sample of cultivated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FDF2FD4A45B1E2FE" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[518,658,662,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FDF2FD4A45B1E2FE" box="[518,658,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. esculenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 180–360 um diam. in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FC3EFD4A4349E2FE" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[970,1130,662,689]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FC3EFD4A4349E2FE" box="[970,1130,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Keating (2002: 285) shows micrographs of similar, large substomatal air spaces in the spongy mesophyll of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FBCFFD6643BCE29A" box="[1083,1183,698,725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fallax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FBCFFD6643BCE29A" box="[1083,1183,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. fallax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, using thin sections of chemically-fixed tissue, but the dimensions in fresh and fixed tissues may not be comparable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFF9D416FF49FCDF467AE3BA" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(3) In seedlings observed
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FE19FCDE451AE352" box="[493,569,771,796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
, over a period of three years, the adaxial buds in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FB7EFCDE420FE352" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[1162,1324,770,797]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FB7EFCDE420FE352" box="[1162,1324,770,797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been consistently single and non-sprouting, with removal of the apical shoot needed to force sprouting and production of a new erect stem. Over the same period in the same location, and without removal of the apical shoot,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FAE6FC96428FE32A" authorityName="Hayata" authorityYear="1919" box="[1298,1452,842,869]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FAE6FC96428FE32A" box="[1298,1452,842,869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
produced abundant long stolons, as it does in the wild. Bud behaviour (whether shy or readily sprouting) may be independent of whether or not adaxial buds are single or multiple in leaf axils. Further study is needed to understand the relationship between lateral bud abundance, lateral shoot absence or presence, and the overall growth habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FF7CFC07467AE3BA" box="[136,345,986,1012]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FF7CFC0747D9E3BA" box="[136,250,986,1012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836EAFFF9D416FF49FC23422CE4E6" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,1193]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
(4) Peduncles in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FE87FC22452CE456" authorityName="P. J. Matthews, V. D. Nguyen, Q. Fang & C. L. Long" authorityYear="2022" box="[371,527,1022,1049]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spongifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FE87FC22452CE456" box="[371,527,1022,1049]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. spongifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
show strong downward bending (geotaxis) that begins during anthesis and continues as the upper spathe withers. In wild plants, mature fruiting heads were bent low to the ground or were missing (perhaps removed by terrestrial frugivores) (Fig. 4). The bending behaviour was also observed
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FBA0FB9A43BEE42E" box="[1108,1181,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ex situ</emphasis>
|
||
in potted seedlings that flowered and fruited after self-pollination. Peduncle orientation when fruit reach maturity has not been reported for most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FF32FB5346B1E4E6" box="[198,402,1166,1192]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FF32FB53461BE4E6" box="[198,312,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Colocasia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the mature fruit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D69FFF9D416FD6FFB524405E4E6" authorityName="Schott" authorityYear="1832" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" box="[667,806,1166,1193]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Colocasia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF8FFF9D416FD6FFB524405E4E6" box="[667,806,1166,1193]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. esculenta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are generally displayed on erect peduncles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |