221 lines
31 KiB
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221 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="0709A7A95EC72C006661F5F729C3C585" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF8CFFF0FF57FB72FD03FDD3" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinometra oblonga" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="44" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="4AA1D739864B11030B7AA73DEE41D880">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F66957030323F16AED73870ECFE5FD41">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6EF789FE98D70F17AA62FFBF1BF262AB">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="38B4A1BC3939CF061E3F4462E8090ED8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F6FE0B2909CDC0B54F0BA3EB17A496B4">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF8CFFF0FF57FB72FD03FDD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6495002" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650431" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6495002" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8CFFF0FF57FB72FD03FDD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF8CFFF0FF57FB72FD03FDD3" lastPageId="44" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8CFFF7FF57FB72FEE0FAD2" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF57FB72FD47FB0C" blockId="43.[151,654,1253,1313]" box="[151,654,1253,1279]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF8CFFF7FF57FB72FD47FB0C" bold="true" box="[151,654,1253,1279]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF57FB72FD47FB0C" bold="true" box="[151,654,1253,1279]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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*
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8CFFF7FF6DFB72FD47FB0C" ID-CoL="38JGP" authority="(Blainville, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[173,654,1253,1279]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF6DFB72FE7DFB0C" bold="true" box="[173,436,1253,1279]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Echinometra oblonga</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FE02FB72FD4FFB0C" author="Blainville" box="[450,646,1253,1279]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Blainville, H. M. D. (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires.). In: Levrault, F. G. (Eds.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. F. G. Levrault & Le Normant, Strasbourg & Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF57FA9FFEE0FAD2" blockId="43.[151,654,1253,1313]" box="[151,297,1288,1313]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8CFFF7FF57FA9FFF2FFAD3" box="[151,230,1288,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[373,1247,1496,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[340,1247,1496,1925]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 48. Echinometra oblonga A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2011 c)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843423/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
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A–B.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8CFFF7FF57FAC7FC07FA50" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF57FAC7FC07FA50" blockId="43.[151,1436,1360,1443]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8CFFF7FF57FAC7FC07FA50" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8CFFF7FF57FAC7FD9FFA95" ID-CoL="38JGP" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1863: 21" authorityName=": A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,598,1360,1382]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF57FAC7FEBBFA95" box="[151,370,1360,1382]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Echinometra oblonga</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8CFFF7FEBFFAC7FD9FFA95" author="Agassiz" box="[383,598,1360,1382]" page="21" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1863">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FEBFFAC7FDF9FA95" author="Agassiz" box="[383,560,1360,1382]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1863">A. Agassiz, 1863</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FDA0FAC7FCC7FA95" author="Agassiz" box="[608,782,1360,1382]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872) Revision of the Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 3, 1 - 378." type="journal article" year="1872">
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A. Agassiz,
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<date id="FFE91026FF8CFFF7FD1AFAC7FCC7FA95" box="[730,782,1360,1382]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="1872" valueMax="1874">1872</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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–1874: 116, 433. Pl. XXXVI,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8CFFF7FBFCFAC7FBB0FA95" box="[1084,1145,1360,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionTargetBox="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8CFFF7FB43FAC6FAAAFA95" author="Clark" box="[1155,1379,1360,1382]" page="373" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FB43FAC6FAFBFA95" author="Clark" box="[1155,1330,1360,1382]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Clark, H. L. (1912) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae, Phymosomatidae, Stomopneustidae, and Echinometridae." type="book" year="1912">H.L. Clark, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 373
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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–374;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8CFFF7FF07FAF8FE7DFA77" author="Clark" box="[199,436,1390,1412]" page="144" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FF07FAF8FE4BFA77" author="Clark" box="[199,386,1390,1412]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 144
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8CFFF7FE7FFAF9FD45FA77" author="Schultz" box="[447,652,1390,1412]" page="1276" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2011">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FE7FFAF9FD84FA77" author="Schultz" box="[447,589,1390,1412]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Schultz, H. (2011) Sea-Urchins III, Worldwide Regular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 1338 pp." type="book" year="2011">Schultz, 2011</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 1276
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, Fig. 2275;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8CFFF7FCC4FAF9FBF1FA77" author="Filander" box="[772,1080,1390,1412]" page="53" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FCC4FAF9FBDAFA77" author="Filander" box="[772,1043,1390,1412]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 53
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. Pl. II, Fig. C.
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8CFFF7FF57FA1AFD62FA50" ID-CoL="38JGP" authority=": Mortensen, 1943: 393" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="393" authorityYear="1943" box="[151,683,1421,1443]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="mathei" subSpecies="oblonga">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF57FA1AFE77FA50" box="[151,446,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Echinometra mathei oblonga</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8CFFF7FE0CFA19FD62FA50" author="Mortensen" box="[460,683,1421,1443]" page="393" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" year="1943">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FE0CFA19FDB3FA50" author="Mortensen" box="[460,634,1421,1443]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 393
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–395. Pl. XLVIII,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8CFFF7FCA3FA1AFC03FA50" box="[867,970,1421,1443]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-10="FIGURE 11" captionStart-11="FIGURE 12" captionStart-12="FIGURE 13" captionStart-13="FIGURE 14" captionStart-14="FIGURE 15" captionStart-15="FIGURE 16" captionStart-16="FIGURE 17" captionStart-17="FIGURE 18" captionStart-18="FIGURE 19" captionStart-19="FIGURE 20" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-10="15.[151,250,1808,1830]" captionStartId-11="16.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-12="17.[151,250,1183,1205]" captionStartId-13="18.[151,250,603,625]" captionStartId-14="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionStartId-15="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionStartId-16="20.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionStartId-17="21.[151,250,1086,1108]" captionStartId-18="22.[151,250,872,894]" captionStartId-19="22.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-5="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-6="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-7="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-8="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-9="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-10="[369,1245,1218,1785]" captionTargetBox-11="[383,1235,1111,1734]" captionTargetBox-12="[346,1245,592,1158]" captionTargetBox-13="[369,1246,196,580]" captionTargetBox-14="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetBox-15="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetBox-16="[350,1259,690,1334]" captionTargetBox-17="[369,1244,452,1064]" captionTargetBox-18="[368,1244,196,848]" captionTargetBox-19="[373,1244,1191,1877]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-4="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-6="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-7="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-8="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-9="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-10="figure@15.[340,1247,1217,1787]" captionTargetId-11="figure@16.[358,1236,1109,1736]" captionTargetId-12="figure@17.[340,1247,591,1161]" captionTargetId-13="figure@18.[340,1247,195,581]" captionTargetId-14="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetId-15="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetId-16="figure@20.[324,1262,687,1336]" captionTargetId-17="figure@21.[340,1247,451,1065]" captionTargetId-18="figure@22.[340,1247,195,851]" captionTargetId-19="figure@22.[340,1247,1188,1880]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-7="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-8="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-9="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-10="15" captionTargetPageId-11="16" captionTargetPageId-12="17" captionTargetPageId-13="18" captionTargetPageId-14="18" captionTargetPageId-15="19" captionTargetPageId-16="20" captionTargetPageId-17="21" captionTargetPageId-18="22" captionTargetPageId-19="22" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionTargetPageId-8="14" captionTargetPageId-9="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-10="FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-11="FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-12="FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-13="FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen." captionText-14="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-15="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." captionText-16="FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217)." captionText-17="FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-18="FIGURE 19. Hygrosoma petersii (SAMC-A 22219). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-19="FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/843349/files/figure.png" httpUri-11="https://zenodo.org/record/843351/files/figure.png" httpUri-12="https://zenodo.org/record/843353/files/figure.png" httpUri-13="https://zenodo.org/record/843355/files/figure.png" httpUri-14="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" httpUri-15="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" httpUri-16="https://zenodo.org/record/843361/files/figure.png" httpUri-17="https://zenodo.org/record/843363/files/figure.png" httpUri-18="https://zenodo.org/record/843365/files/figure.png" httpUri-19="https://zenodo.org/record/843367/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 1–20</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF28666EFF8CFFF7FF57F80CFABBF842" box="[151,1394,1947,1969]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843423/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" targetBox="[373,1247,1496,1925]" targetPageId="43">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF57F80CFABBF842" blockId="43.[151,1394,1947,1969]" box="[151,1394,1947,1969]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF57F80CFED6F842" bold="true" box="[151,287,1947,1969]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8CFFF7FEE5F80CFDCBF842" authorityName=": A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[293,514,1947,1969]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FEE5F80CFDCBF842" box="[293,514,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Echinometra oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FDC8F80CFDD3F842" bold="true" box="[520,538,1947,1969]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Map showing distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FCF9F80CFC83F842" bold="true" box="[825,842,1947,1969]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2011c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF57FF00FE73FF0F" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF57FF00FD21FF43" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,544]" box="[151,744,151,176]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF57FF00FE49FF43" bold="true" box="[151,384,151,176]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
None, entry based on literature.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FF28FE73FF0F" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,544]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FF28FEB9FF2B" bold="true" box="[199,368,191,216]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FDB8FF28FCBEFF2B" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[632,887,191,216]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FDB8FF28FCBEFF2B" box="[632,887,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Echinometra mathaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, difficult to distinguish the two with just morphological characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF07FE9CFD8EFE63" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FE9CFC88FED0" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,544]" box="[199,833,267,292]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FE9CFE1BFED7" bold="true" box="[199,466,267,292]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8BFFF0FD2BFE9BFCF4FED0" box="[747,829,268,292]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FEB8FD8EFE63" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,544]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FEB8FE7DFEBB" bold="true" box="[199,436,303,328]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
East coast region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FD5DFEB8FCE4FEBB" box="[669,813,303,328]" name="South Africa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8BFFF0FD5DFEB8FD17FEBB" box="[669,734,303,328]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FCFBFEB8FBA8FEBB" author="Filander" box="[827,1121,303,328]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). East Africa,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FAC0FEB8FAA4FEBB" box="[1280,1389,303,328]" name="Mauritius" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FF57FEC4FF36FE9F" box="[151,255,339,364]" name="Maldives" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
through to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FE49FEC4FDC3FE9F" box="[393,522,339,364]" name="Philippines" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FDD7FEC4FD4DFE9F" box="[535,644,339,364]" name="Indonesia" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FD3FFEC4FC99FE9F" box="[767,848,339,364]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8BFFF0FCB9FEC4FC28FE9F" box="[889,993,339,364]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8BFFF0FC2EFEC3FBFBFE9F" box="[1006,1074,340,364]" name="Guam" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Guam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8BFFF0FBAEFEC4FB0BFE9F" box="[1134,1218,339,364]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
, plus south Pacific Islands; strictly littoral (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FE63FEE0FDF5FE63" author="Schultz" box="[419,572,375,400]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Schultz, H. (2011) Sea-Urchins III, Worldwide Regular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 1338 pp." type="book" year="2011">Schultz 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8BFFF0FF07FE0CFD03FDD3" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8BFFF0FF07FE0CFD03FDD3" blockId="44.[151,1437,151,544]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FF07FE0CFEF2FE47" bold="true" box="[199,315,411,436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Previously recognized as a morph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FD36FE0BFB85FE47" authority="(Mortensen 1943)" baseAuthorityName="Mortensen" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[758,1100,411,436]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FD36FE0BFCBAFE47" box="[758,883,411,436]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. mathaei</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FC44FE0BFB8AFE47" author="Mortensen" box="[900,1091,412,436]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; however subsequent genetic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FF5EFE28FE66FE2B" author="Palumbi" box="[158,431,447,472]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Palumbi, S. R. & Metz, E. C. (1991) Strong reproductive isolation between closely related tropical sea urchins (genus Echinometra). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 8 (2), 227 - 239." type="journal article" year="1991">Palumbi and Metz 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FE7CFE28FD59FE2B" author="Landry" box="[444,656,447,472]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Landry, C., Geyer, L., Arakaki, Y., Uehara, T. & Palumbi, S. R. (2003) Recent speciation in the Indo - West Pacific: rapid evolution of gamete recognition and sperm morphology in cryptic species of sea urchin. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 270 (1526), 1839 - 1847. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2003.2395" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Landry
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FDD4FE57FD8FFE2B" box="[532,582,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), reproductive (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FC80FE28FB9FFE2B" author="Rahman" box="[832,1110,447,472]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Rahman, M. A. & Uehara, T. (2004) Interspecific hybridization and backcrosses between two sibling species of Pacific sea urchins (genus Echinometra) on Okinawan intertidal reefs. Zoological Studies-Taipei, 43 (1), 93 - 111." type="journal article" year="2004">Rahman & Uehara 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and ecological (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FAD6FE28FF3AFE0F" author="Nishihira" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Nishihira, M., Sato, Y., Arakaki, Y. & Tsuchiya, M. (1991) Ecological distribution and habitat preference of four types of the sea urchin Echinometra mathaei on the Okinawan coral reefs. In: Yanagisawa, T., Yasumasu, I., Oguro, C., Suzuki, N. & Motokawa, T. (Eds.), Biology of Echinodermata. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 91 - 104." type="book chapter" year="1991">
|
||
Nishihira
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FA48FE57FF64FE0F" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) studies led to recognition of the two as separate species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FCB6FE74FB9AFE0F" author="Kroh" box="[886,1107,483,508]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2015) World Echinoidea Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / echinoidea (accessed 11 April 2015)" type="journal article" year="2015">Kroh & Mooi 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8BFFF0FBA5FE74FB37FE0F" author="Maher" box="[1125,1278,483,508]" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" refString="Maher, J., (2011) The phylogeographic population structure of the oval urchin, Echinometra mathaei in KwaZulu-Natal. Unpublished Master thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal." type="book" year="2011">Maher (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
documents
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8BFFF0FA44FE73FF3AFDD3" authorityName=": A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="44" pageNumber="45" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="oblonga">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8BFFF0FA44FE73FF3AFDD3" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">E. oblonga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8BFFF0FED6FD90FE9EFDD3" box="[278,343,519,544]" country="Maldives" name="Dhekunu" pageId="44" pageNumber="45">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
African waters for the first time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |