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<document id="46B5FC2DE9A26B02B6BE8BE9FE56E0DF" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka &amp; Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF89FFF2FF57FAF8FF29F811" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinoneus cyclostomus Leske 1778" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="54D92870EE77473A7B4F770CB817D0B3">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B348C55603815F15A3B33CA98508F3DD">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF89FFF2FF57FAF8FF29F811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022849" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022849" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF89FFF2FF57FAF8FF29F811" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF89FFF2FF57FAF8FF29F811" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF57FAF8FDBBFA7A" blockId="46.[151,626,1391,1451]" box="[151,626,1391,1417]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="D0A0818AFF89FFF2FF57FAF8FDBBFA7A" bold="true" box="[151,626,1391,1417]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF57FAF8FDBBFA7A" bold="true" box="[151,626,1391,1417]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF57FAF8FF6FFA7A" bold="true" box="[151,166,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">*</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF89FFF2FF6DFAF8FDBBFA7A" ID-CoL="38JLV" authority="Leske, 1778" authorityName="Leske" authorityYear="1778" box="[173,626,1391,1417]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinoneidae" genus="Echinoneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinoneoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cyclostomus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF6DFAF8FE1EFA7A" bold="true" box="[173,471,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Echinoneus cyclostomus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FE1FFAF8FDBBFA7A" author="Leske" box="[479,626,1391,1417]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis disposition echinodermatum..., edita et Identificationibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I. T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G. E. Beer, Leipzig, 278 pp." type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF57FA05FEE2FA59" blockId="46.[151,626,1391,1451]" box="[151,299,1426,1451]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF89FFF2FF57FA05FF2FFA58" box="[151,230,1426,1451]" captionStart="FIGURE 52" captionStartId="47.[151,250,694,716]" captionTargetBox="[363,1245,196,669]" captionTargetId="figure@47.[340,1247,195,672]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="FIGURE 52. Echinoneus cyclostomus (SAMC-A 28212). A. Map showing distribution. B. Oral view of denuded test. C. Aboral view of denuded test. D. Side view of denuded test." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843431/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
A–D.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF89FFF2FF57FA4DFA5EF9DE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF57FA4DFD83FA03" blockId="46.[151,1437,1498,1581]" box="[151,586,1498,1520]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF89FFF2FF57FA4DFD83FA03" box="[151,586,1498,1520]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF89FFF2FF57FA4DFD8FFA03" ID-CoL="38JLW" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1863: 25" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="25" authorityYear="1863" box="[151,582,1498,1520]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinoneidae" genus="Echinoneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinoneoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF57FA4DFEA9FA03" box="[151,352,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Echinoneus elegans</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF89FFF2FEAEFA4CFD8FFA03" author="Agassiz" box="[366,582,1498,1520]" page="25" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1863">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FEAEFA4CFDE9FA03" author="Agassiz" box="[366,544,1498,1520]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1863">A. Agassiz, 1863</bibRefCitation>
: 25
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF57FA6FFA5EF9DE" blockId="46.[151,1437,1498,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF89FFF2FF57FA6FFA5EF9DE" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF89FFF2FF57FA6FFD2BF9FD" ID-CoL="38JLV" authority=": Alcock &amp; Anderson, 1894: 194" authorityName=": Alcock &amp; Anderson" authorityPageNumber="194" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,738,1528,1550]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinoneidae" genus="Echinoneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinoneoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cyclostomus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF57FA6FFE59F9FD" box="[151,400,1528,1550]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Echinoneus cyclostomus</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF89FFF2FE5EFA6FFD2BF9FD" author="Alcock" box="[414,738,1528,1550]" page="194" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1894">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FE5EFA6FFD67F9FD" author="Alcock" box="[414,686,1528,1550]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Alcock, A. &amp; Anderson, A. R. S. (1894) Natural history notes from HM Indian marine survey steamer '' Investigator' ', commander CF Oldham, RN, commanding. Series II, No. 14. An account of a recent collection of deep sea Crustacea from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63, 141 - 185." type="journal article" year="1894">Alcock &amp; Anderson, 1894</bibRefCitation>
: 194
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF89FFF2FD2DFA6EFC15F9FD" author="Clark" box="[749,988,1528,1550]" page="177" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1925">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FD2DFA6EFC60F9FD" author="Clark" box="[749,937,1528,1550]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
: 177
</treatmentCitation>
. Pl. X,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF89FFF2FBE9FA6FFB4AF9FD" box="[1065,1155,1528,1550]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF89FFF2FB4FFA6EFAB9F9FD" author="Mortensen" box="[1167,1392,1528,1550]" page="75" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="1948">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FB4FFA6EFA85F9FD" author="Mortensen" box="[1167,1356,1528,1550]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Mortensen, T., (1948 d) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeasteroidea. Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, pp. 471." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="d">Mortensen, 1948d</bibRefCitation>
: 75
</treatmentCitation>
–80. Pl. I,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF89FFF2FF3EF980FE82F9DE" box="[254,331,1559,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="18.[151,250,603,625]" captionTargetBox="[369,1246,196,580]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1247,195,581]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843355/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF89FFF2FE95F980FEB8F9DE" box="[341,369,1559,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[366,1244,1332,1954]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[340,1247,1329,1957]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843379/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">26</figureCitation>
. Pl. XII,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF89FFF2FE0DF980FDD3F9DE" box="[461,538,1559,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox="[366,1244,1030,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[340,1247,1028,1676]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843369/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figs 21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF89FFF2FDE5F980FD88F9DE" box="[549,577,1559,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="25.[151,250,875,897]" captionTargetBox="[370,1246,194,845]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[342,1249,193,848]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843373/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">23</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF89FFF2FD8BF980FCC4F9DE" author="Schultz" box="[587,781,1559,1581]" page="287" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FD8BF980FD12F9DE" author="Schultz" box="[587,731,1559,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 287
</treatmentCitation>
, Figs 549–550;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF89FFF2FC6FF980FB2BF9DE" author="Filander" box="[943,1250,1559,1581]" page="54" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FC6FF980FB77F9DE" author="Filander" box="[943,1214,1559,1581]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Filander, Z. &amp; Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander &amp; Griffiths, 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 54
</treatmentCitation>
–55. Pl. II, Fig. E.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF89FFF2FF57F9CDFD0DF911" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF57F9CDFB4EF981" blockId="46.[151,1436,1626,2018]" box="[151,1159,1626,1651]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF57F9CDFE49F980" bold="true" box="[151,384,1626,1651]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material examined.</emphasis>
SAMC-A28221; SAMC-A28212; SAMC-A28225; SAMC-A28234.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF07F916FD0DF911" blockId="46.[151,1436,1626,2018]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF07F916FEB9F969" bold="true" box="[199,368,1665,1690]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Identification.</emphasis>
Test elongated, slightly doomed aborally, orally concave. Ambulacra pore zones narrow—not forming petaloid, conspicuous glassy knobs aborally. Peristome triangular shaped, centrally positioned. Denuded test light brown. Spines short, brownish, uniform.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF89FFF2FF07F966FB78F885" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF07F966FCECF8FA" blockId="46.[151,1436,1626,2018]" box="[199,805,1777,1802]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF07F966FE1BF8F9" bold="true" box="[199,466,1777,1802]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum test length
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF89FFF2FD0FF966FCE8F8FA" box="[719,801,1777,1802]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF07F882FB78F885" blockId="46.[151,1436,1626,2018]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF07F882FE7FF8DD" bold="true" box="[199,438,1813,1838]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Global distribution.</emphasis>
Atlantic Ocean, from Caribbean to Brazil and Tropical West Africa; also Indo-Pacific, from east coast of South Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FDE0F8AEFC9BF8A1" author="Filander" box="[544,850,1849,1874]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Filander, Z. &amp; Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander &amp; Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
) to Hawaii and Easter Islands and from Japan to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island; littoral to
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF89FFF2FD23F8CAFCE3F886" box="[739,810,1885,1910]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="570.0">570 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FCF8F8C9FBCBF885" author="Mortensen" box="[824,1026,1885,1910]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Mortensen, T., (1948 d) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeasteroidea. Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, pp. 471." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="d">Mortensen 1948d</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FBCDF8CAFB6FF885" author="Schultz" box="[1037,1190,1885,1910]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF89FFF2FF07F816FF29F811" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF89FFF2FF07F816FF29F811" blockId="46.[151,1436,1626,2018]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FF07F816FEF2F869" bold="true" box="[199,315,1921,1946]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</emphasis>
There used to be two species in this genus. The second species—
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF89FFF2FB90F816FA94F869" authorityName="de Loriol" authorityYear="1883" box="[1104,1373,1921,1946]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinoneidae" genus="Echinoneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinoneoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abnormalis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FB90F816FA94F869" box="[1104,1373,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Echinoneus abnormalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was moved to its own genus (
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF89FFF2FE03F832FD9CF84D" box="[451,597,1957,1982]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinoneidae" genus="Koehleraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinoneoida" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF89FFF2FE03F832FD9CF84D" box="[451,597,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Koehleraster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) based on absence of glassy tubercles and perforated tubercles (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF89FFF2FA86F832FF1DF811" author="Schultz" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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