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<document id="509052F74CA39252112AEDB743694BCD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10081418" ID-ISSN="2345-7600" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081418" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616095366836" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L. &amp; Marques, Antonio C." docDate="2004" docId="03FE4E72FF8FFFDBFC5CF982F9EADCDA" docLanguage="en" docName="RafflesBZool.52.1.1-6.pdf" docOrigin="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F.5:RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleId="19380AF0FBA5B2F218DD253A34ABE57F" docStyleName="RafflesBZool.2003-2005.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Acryptolaria normani Nutting 1927" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="FFC7360AFF8FFFD8FFE4FFCBFC46DA40" masterDocTitle="Redescription Of Acryptolaria Normani Nutting, 1927, Junior Synonym Of The Western Pacific Species Zygophylax Tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lafoeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="6" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1700279972146" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A55FADB1324F28D55B4352DBA25C39E0">Redescription Of Acryptolaria Normani Nutting, 1927, Junior Synonym Of The Western Pacific Species Zygophylax Tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Lafoeidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="97ED95805C8E2EE6EA3649215788ECFF">Peña Cantero, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="28237BB484E61C22D78C6F024648ABE9">Marques, Antonio C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="139AA5F2C1DF1732E5BEF9E2D071397F">Raffles Bulletin of Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="214BF1E283A0C68FB4BB1D3E72267CAD">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D1BC37BCD43D4DE07B88DBAEDFE5B7C6">52</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E5C532F1E25DBB7532EED06D6A396F42" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10081418</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="64C4AFEFB96BB80E8514C509DD44AF25" type="ISSN">2345-7600</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FE4E72FF8FFFDBFC5CF982F9EADCDA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE4E72FF8FFFDBFC5CF982F9EADCDA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE4E72FF8FFFDBFC5CF982F9EADCDA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="C34DACEFFF8FFFD8FC5CF982F908DC21" box="[952,1358,1609,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8FFFD8FC5CF982F908DC21" blockId="0.[952,1358,1609,1664]" box="[952,1358,1609,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<heading id="D0A04808FF8FFFD8FC5CF982F908DC21" bold="true" box="[952,1358,1609,1633]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8FFFD8FC5CF982F908DC21" authority="Nutting, 1927" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[952,1358,1609,1633]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8FFFD8FC5CF982F908DC21" bold="true" box="[952,1358,1609,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8FFFD8FC5CF982F8ECDC21" bold="true" box="[952,1194,1609,1633]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acryptolaria normani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8FFFD8FB56F982F908DC21" author="Nutting, C" box="[1202,1358,1609,1633]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref2813" refString="Nutting, C., 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (6): 195 - 242, Pls. 40 - 47." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34DACEFFF8FFFD8FC1FF9A2F94DDCC0" box="[1019,1291,1641,1664]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8FFFD8FC1FF9A2F94DDCC0" blockId="0.[952,1358,1609,1664]" box="[1019,1291,1641,1664]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8FFFD8FBE7F9A2F808DCC0" box="[1027,1102,1641,1664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8FFFD8FBB9F9A2F8E7DCC0" box="[1117,1185,1641,1664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2A, B</figureCitation>
; Table 1)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34DACEFFF8FFFD8FCA7F962F9C3DCFE" box="[835,1413,1705,1726]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8FFFD8FCA7F962F9C3DCFE" blockId="0.[835,1413,1705,1726]" box="[835,1413,1705,1726]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB47D84AFF8FFFD8FCA7F962F9C3DCFE" box="[835,1413,1705,1726]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<treatmentCitation id="0AF6D975FF8FFFD8FCA7F962F89BDCFE" author="Nutting, C" box="[835,1245,1705,1726]" page="209" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" year="1927">
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8FFFD8FCA7F962F89BDCFE" authority="Nutting, 1927: 209" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="209" authorityYear="1927" box="[835,1245,1705,1726]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8FFFD8FCA7F962F85FDCFE" box="[835,1049,1705,1726]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Acryptolaria normani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8FFFD8FBC4F962F89BDCFE" author="Nutting, C" box="[1056,1245,1705,1726]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref2813" refString="Nutting, C., 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (6): 195 - 242, Pls. 40 - 47." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting, 1927: 209</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, Pl. 41
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8FFFD8FACCF962F9C7DCFE" box="[1320,1409,1705,1726]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionStartId-1="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox-0="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetBox-1="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." captionText-1="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34DACEFFF8FFFD8FCA7F928FFEEDD2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8FFFD8FCA7F928FFEEDD2E" blockId="0.[835,1475,1763,1902]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8FFFD8FCA7F928F85CDCB8" bold="true" box="[835,1050,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined. –</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B3FF539FF8FFFD8FBC4F92FFFEEDD2E" collectingDate="1909-03-24" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Albatross Expedition" country="Philippines" elevation="76" latitude="10.176389" location="National Museum" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="124.05417" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" specimenCode="USNM 5413" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cebu" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="54EC41C6FF8FFFD8FBC4F92FF83DDCB9" box="[1056,1147,1764,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
- numerous stem fragments up to
<quantity id="4CAF5281FF8FFFD8FCA7F8CAFFCEDD56" box="[835,904,1793,1814]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" unit="mm" value="27.0">27 mm</quantity>
long. United States
<location id="8E88A9BFFF8FFFD8FBAAF8CAF8BBDD56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE4E72FF8FFFDBFC5CF982F9EADCDA:8E88A9BFFF8FFFD8FBAAF8CAF8BBDD56" box="[1102,1277,1793,1814]" country="Philippines" latitude="10.176389" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="124.05417" name="National Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" stateProvince="Cebu">National Museum</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBF1571FFF8FFFD8FAEEF8CAF9CADD56" box="[1290,1420,1793,1814]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="Museum">USNM 5413</specimenCode>
), Sta. 5413,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6399A3FF8FFFD8FC9AF8D5FFBEDD73" box="[894,1016,1822,1843]" degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" precision="15" seconds="35" value="10.176389">10º10’35’’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE6399A3FF8FFFD8FC19F8D5F8C7DD73" box="[1021,1153,1822,1843]" degrees="124" direction="east" minutes="03" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" precision="15" seconds="15" value="124.05417">124º03’15’’E</geoCoordinate>
, between
<collectingRegion id="49933186FF8FFFD8FB04F8D5F955DD73" box="[1248,1299,1822,1843]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cebu</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49933186FF8FFFD8FADBF8D5F93CDD73" box="[1343,1402,1822,1843]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bohol</collectingRegion>
islands (
<collectingCountry id="F340BFF4FF8FFFD8FCAEF8F7FF82DD11" box="[842,964,1852,1873]" name="Philippines" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Philippines</collectingCountry>
), 42 fms (
<quantity id="4CAF5281FF8FFFD8FBD7F8F7F828DD11" box="[1075,1134,1852,1873]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" unit="m" value="76.0">
<elevation id="007A1857FF8FFFD8FBD7F8F7F828DD11" box="[1075,1134,1852,1873]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" unit="m" value="76.0">76 m</elevation>
</quantity>
), coll.
<collectorName id="26A29AB2FF8FFFD8FB58F8F7F9DDDD11" box="[1212,1435,1852,1873]" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Albatross Expedition</collectorName>
,
<date id="FFE9D9A4FF8FFFD8FA4DF8F7FFE2DD2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" value="1909-03-24">
<collectingDate id="EFAD204CFF8FFFD8FA4DF8F7FFE2DD2E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" value="1909-03-24">24 Mar.1909</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34DACEFFF8FFFDBFCA7F852FEA2DC3A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8FFFDBFCA7F852FD50D9FA" blockId="0.[835,1474,1945,2113]" lastBlockId="3.[113,752,707,954]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8FFFD8FCA7F852FFB0DDF1" bold="true" box="[835,1014,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description. –</emphasis>
Stem erect, polysiphonic (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8FFFD8FAABF852F9F5DDF0" box="[1359,1459,1945,1968]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
), occasionally branched. Apophysis and nodes absent in main tube and hydrocladia. Accessory tubes with scattered tubular nematothecae (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8FFFD8FC0FF7CDF804D25D" box="[1003,1090,2054,2077]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
). Hydrocladia unforked, alternate, arising in one plane from main tube at almost 90º (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8FFFD8FABBF7E1F9F3D201" box="[1375,1461,2090,2113]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Hydrothecae alternately arranged in one plane (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFD6DFD08FEA5D89A" box="[649,739,707,730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Hydrotheca completely free, pedicellate, separated from pedicel by strongly developed diaphragm (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFDA6FCC8FEFAD95A" box="[578,700,771,794]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFD2DFCC8FCC0D97A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A, B</figureCitation>
). One nematotheca on each side of hydrothecal pedicel (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFF9DFC88FC87D91A" box="[121,193,835,858]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
D-F, 2B). Pedicel of basal hydrotheca deprived of nematothecae (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFECDFCA8FDD2D93A" box="[297,404,867,890]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFE42FCA8FD88D93A" box="[422,462,867,890]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A</figureCitation>
); corresponding pair of nematothecae on hydrocladium, just above pedicel insertion (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFF9DFC68FC9ED9FA" box="[121,216,931,954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFF01FC68FD4CD9FA" box="[229,266,931,954]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF28AFECFF8EFFD9FF96F83FF9EBD202" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" startId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" targetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8EFFD9FF96F83FF9EBD202" blockId="1.[114,1453,2036,2114]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
Fig. 1.
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8EFFD9FF50F83FFE57D249" authority="Nutting, 1927" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[180,529,2036,2057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8EFFD9FF50F83FFDC1D249" box="[180,391,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Acryptolaria normani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8EFFD9FE68F83FFE57D249" author="Nutting, C" box="[396,529,2036,2057]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref2813" refString="Nutting, C., 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (6): 195 - 242, Pls. 40 - 47." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8EFFD9FDD6F83FFF83D249" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1890" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[562,965,2036,2057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tizardensis">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8EFFD9FDD6F83FFF57D249" box="[562,785,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Zygophylax tizardensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8EFFD9FCF2F83FFF83D249" author="Kirkpatrick, R" box="[790,965,2036,2057]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" pagination="11 - 24" refId="ref2654" refString="Kirkpatrick, R., 1890. Report upon the Hydrozoa and Polyzoa collected by P. W. Bassett-Smith. Esq., Surgeon R. N., during the survey of the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, in the China Sea, by H. M. S. &quot; Rambler &quot;, commander W. U. Moore. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (25): 11 - 24, Pls. 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1890">Kirkpatrick, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae. (All photographs from holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF28AFECFF8DFFDAFF68F83FFF0FD202" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" startId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" targetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8DFFDAFF68F83FFF0FD202" blockId="2.[140,1478,2036,2114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Fig. 2.
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8DFFDAFF29F83FFE63D249" authority="Nutting, 1927" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[205,549,2036,2057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8DFFDAFF29F83FFDDAD249" box="[205,412,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Acryptolaria normani</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8DFFDAFE45F83FFE63D249" author="Nutting, C" box="[417,549,2036,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref2813" refString="Nutting, C., 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (6): 195 - 242, Pls. 40 - 47." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8DFFDAFDA0F83FFF96D249" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1890" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[580,976,2036,2057]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tizardensis">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8DFFDAFDA0F83FFF59D249" box="[580,799,2036,2057]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zygophylax tizardensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8DFFDAFCC0F83FFF96D249" author="Kirkpatrick, R" box="[804,976,2036,2057]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="11 - 24" refId="ref2654" refString="Kirkpatrick, R., 1890. Report upon the Hydrozoa and Polyzoa collected by P. W. Bassett-Smith. Esq., Surgeon R. N., during the survey of the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, in the China Sea, by H. M. S. &quot; Rambler &quot;, commander W. U. Moore. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (25): 11 - 24, Pls. 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1890">Kirkpatrick, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
): A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca.
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8DFFDAFC81F7DAF800D266" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[869,1094,2065,2086]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tizardensis">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8DFFDAFC81F7DAF800D266" box="[869,1094,2065,2086]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Zygophylax tizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8DFFDAFF68F7E6FD27D202" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[140,353,2093,2114]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8DFFDAFF68F7E6FD27D202" box="[140,353,2093,2114]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Acryptolaria normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8CFFDBFF95FC28FCB3DF9A" blockId="3.[113,753,995,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Hydrotheca tubiform, upwardly directed, approximately straight up to basal two-thirds, then strongly curved abcaudally at distal third (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFE68FBE8FE41DE7A" box="[396,519,1059,1082]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFDF7FBE8FE11DE7A" box="[531,599,1059,1082]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Hydrothecal adcauline wall convex, but clearly divided into two parts by a pronounced concave invagination (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFDC0FBA8FEC1DE3A" box="[548,647,1123,1146]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFD7DFBA8FEA4DE3A" box="[665,738,1123,1146]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A, B</figureCitation>
), internally corresponding to a well-developed adcauline pseudodiaphragm (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFEA5FB68FDDCDEFA" box="[321,410,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
): basal portion slightly convex, wall somewhat lying on adjacent tube; distal portion markedly convex, forming a kind of hump just above invagination, and strongly bent outwards (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFE6EFAC8FE48DF5A" box="[394,526,1283,1306]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFDFAFAC8FE20DF5A" box="[542,614,1283,1306]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Abcauline hydrothecal wall mainly straight or slightly convex basally, turning abruptly outwards at distal part. Hydrothecal aperture circular, rim even and slightly flared, parallel to long axis of hydrotheca or slightly tilted downwards or upwards (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFD5EFA48FCFEDFFA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFF2EFA68FD51DFFA" box="[202,279,1443,1466]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2A, B</figureCitation>
). Some hydrothecae with up to seven renovations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8CFFDBFF95F9C8FC85DC7A" blockId="3.[113,752,1539,1594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cnidome consisting of microbasic mastigophores in two size classes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8CFFDBFF95F9A8FEA2DC3A" blockId="3.[113,740,1635,1658]" box="[113,740,1635,1658]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Hydranth apparently without abcauline caecum (
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFD67F9A8FE91DC3A" box="[643,727,1635,1658]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetId="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34DACEFFF8CFFDBFF95F968F9EADCDA" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8CFFDBFF95F968F8BDD93A" blockId="3.[113,752,1699,2074]" lastBlockId="3.[813,1452,707,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFF95F968FCABDCFB" bold="true" box="[113,237,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Remarks. –</emphasis>
There is no record or reference for
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFD82F968FC8DDC9A" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFD82F968FC8DDC9A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acryptolaria normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since its original description by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFDC4F908FEABDC9A" author="Nutting, C" box="[544,749,1731,1754]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref2813" refString="Nutting, C., 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (6): 195 - 242, Pls. 40 - 47." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting (1927: 209</bibRefCitation>
, Pl. 41
<figureCitation id="136CE3E1FF8CFFDBFF53F928FD5FDCBA" box="[183,281,1763,1786]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="1.[114,149,2036,2057]" captionStartId-1="2.[140,175,2036,2057]" captionTargetBox-0="[270,1296,190,1978]" captionTargetBox-1="[211,1385,208,1962]" captionTargetId-0="figure-10@1.[270,1298,190,1978]" captionTargetId-1="figure-8@2.[142,1454,133,2031]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890). A, general appearance of a fragment of stem with hydrocladia and hydrothecal arrangement (note the presence of a broken secondary stem); B, cauline nematothecae; C, pedicel of first, basal, hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae); D, nematotheca of hydrothecal pedicel; E-F, hydrothecae.(All photographs from holotype)." captionText-1="Fig.2. Acryptolaria normani Nutting, 1927 (= Zygophylax tizardensis Kirkpatrick, 1890):A, origin of hydrocladium showing first hydrotheca (note the absence of nematothecae on hydrothecal pedicel); B, hydrotheca. Zygophylax tizardensis: C, hydrotheca. (A, B from holotype of Acryptolaria normani; C from Stechow’s material). Scale bar: 250 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081420" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10081422" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10081420/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10081422/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 1-2</figureCitation>
). The study of the type material has proved the incorrect assignment of this species to the classical concept of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFF74F8E8FD5CDD7A" authorityName="NORMANI NUTTING" authorityYear="1927" box="[144,282,1827,1850]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFF74F8E8FD5CDD7A" box="[144,282,1827,1850]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acryptolaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or even Lafoeinae (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFDD1F8E8FE83DD7A" author="Calder, D" box="[565,709,1827,1850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref2316" refString="Calder, D. R., 1991. Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda. The Thecatae, exclusive of Plumularioidea. Royal Ontario Museum, Life Science Contributions, 154: i-iv, 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1991">Calder, 1991</bibRefCitation>
), as shown by several features: the presence of a hydrothecal diaphragm, the pedicellate and completely free (though sometimes lying on the adjacent tube wall) hydrotheca, and the presence of nematothecae. Such a set of characters is typical of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFE9DF808FE6FDD9A" box="[377,553,1987,2010]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Zygophylacinae">Zygophylacinae</taxonomicName>
, more precisely of the genera
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFF17F828FE6ADDBA" authority="Levinsen, 1913" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1913" box="[243,556,2019,2042]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Abietinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFF17F828FD28DDBA" box="[243,366,2019,2042]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abietinella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFE9EF828FE6ADDBA" author="Levinsen, G" box="[378,556,2019,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="249 - 323" refId="ref2739" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R., 1913. Systematic studies on the Sertulariidae. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kjobenhavn, 64: 249 - 323, Pls. 4 - 5." type="journal article" year="1913">Levinsen, 1913</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFD8AF828FD42D25A" authority="Quelch, 1885" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFD8AF828FEB6DDBA" box="[622,752,2019,2042]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zygophylax</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFF95F7C8FD42D25A" author="Quelch, J" box="[113,260,2051,2074]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref2929" refString="Quelch, J. J., 1885. On some deep-sea and shallow-water Hydrozoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16 (91): 1 - 20, Pls. 1 - 2." type="journal article" year="1885">Quelch, 1885</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. However, since the presence of an operculum is characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFC15FD08F823D89A" authorityName="Levinsen" authorityYear="1913" box="[1009,1125,707,730]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Abietinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFC15FD08F823D89A" box="[1009,1125,707,730]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abietinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf. Peña &amp; García Carrascosa, 1993), a structure absent in the
<typeStatus id="54EC41C6FF8CFFDBFB65FD28F899D8BA" box="[1153,1247,739,762]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFAE7FD28F93BD8BA" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[1283,1405,739,762]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFAE7FD28F93BD8BA" box="[1283,1405,739,762]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the species is unambiguously considered referable to
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFAD4FCC8F9EDD95A" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[1328,1451,771,794]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFAD4FCC8F9EDD95A" box="[1328,1451,771,794]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zygophylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reproductive characters, such as the non-organized coppinia, may also differentiate the two genera, but reproductive structures are not present in the
<typeStatus id="54EC41C6FF8CFFDBFB68FCA8F8A9D93A" box="[1164,1263,867,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8CFFDBFCC9FC68F946DF5A" blockId="3.[813,1452,931,1306]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
A closer comparison with the known species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFACAFC68F9EAD9FA" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[1326,1452,931,954]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFACAFC68F9EAD9FA" box="[1326,1452,931,954]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zygophylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has shown that
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFC33FC08F817D99A" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[983,1105,963,986]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFC33FC08F817D99A" box="[983,1105,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFACAFC08F82FD9BA" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1890" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1890" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tizardensis">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFACAFC08FFE4D9BA" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zygophylax tizardensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFC4CFC28F82FD9BA" author="Kirkpatrick, R" box="[936,1129,995,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="11 - 24" refId="ref2654" refString="Kirkpatrick, R., 1890. Report upon the Hydrozoa and Polyzoa collected by P. W. Bassett-Smith. Esq., Surgeon R. N., during the survey of the Tizard and Macclesfield Banks, in the China Sea, by H. M. S. &quot; Rambler &quot;, commander W. U. Moore. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 5 (25): 11 - 24, Pls. 3 - 5." type="journal article" year="1890">Kirkpatrick, 1890</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, originally described from the
<collectingCountry id="F340BFF4FF8CFFDBFCC9FBC8FF2BDE5A" box="[813,877,1027,1050]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">China</collectingCountry>
Sea and later recorded from neighbouring areas. The shape of the hydrotheca in Kirkpatrick’s species is characteristic, making it easily recognizable. It is the same shape we found in the
<typeStatus id="54EC41C6FF8CFFDBFBC5FBA8F809DE3A" box="[1057,1103,1123,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFB37FBA8F90ADE3A" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[1235,1356,1123,1146]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFB37FBA8F90ADE3A" box="[1235,1356,1123,1146]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Still, as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFC7CFB48F838DEDA" author="Hirohito" box="[920,1150,1155,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refId="ref2552" refString="Hirohito, 1995. The hydroids of Sagami Bay. II, Thecata. Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, Tokyo. 355 pp. (English text), 244 pp. (Japanese text), 13 Pls." type="book" year="1995">Hirohito (1995: 150)</bibRefCitation>
, “the remarkable feature of this species [
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFC5DFB68F80DDEFA" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1890" box="[953,1099,1187,1210]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tizardensis">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFC5DFB68F80DDEFA" box="[953,1099,1187,1210]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Z. tizardensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] is the presence of an additional diaphragm in the middle of intrathecal wall of the hydrotheca besides the normal diaphragm at the base”, a feature also present in the
<typeStatus id="54EC41C6FF8CFFDBFC2DFAC8FFB1DF5A" box="[969,1015,1283,1306]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFB9AFAC8F8BEDF5A" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" box="[1150,1272,1283,1306]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFB9AFAC8F8BEDF5A" box="[1150,1272,1283,1306]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE8FF64FF8CFFDBFCC9FA88F9EADCDA" blockId="3.[813,1452,1347,1690]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFC5EFA88F8CEDF1A" author="Nutting, C" box="[954,1160,1347,1370]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref2813" refString="Nutting, C., 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (6): 195 - 242, Pls. 40 - 47." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting (1927: 209)</bibRefCitation>
the hydrothecae are “adnate to the branch for most of their length up to the bend, but those on the tips of the colony are free for a considerable part of their length”. Nutting’s figures also show hydrothecae adnate to the branches in most of their adcauline length. He overlooked the presence of an adcauline pseudodiaphragm and the regular pattern of a pair of nematothecae on the hydrothecal pedicels. The study of the
<typeStatus id="54EC41C6FF8CFFDBFB38F9E8F94CDC7A" box="[1244,1290,1571,1594]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFA70F9E8FFC1DC1A" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1927" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Acryptolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="normani">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFA70F9E8FFC1DC1A" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A. normani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has shown that
<bibRefCitation id="EFC68295FF8CFFDBFBCFF988F89CDC1A" author="Nutting, C" box="[1067,1242,1603,1626]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="195 - 242" refId="ref2813" refString="Nutting, C., 1927. Report on Hydroida collected by the United States Fisheries steamer Albatross in the Philippine region, 1907 - 1910. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions, part 3. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (6): 195 - 242, Pls. 40 - 47." type="journal article" year="1927">Nutting’s (1927)</bibRefCitation>
original description and figures are incorrect, obscuring its taxonomical position and making it difficult to assign the species to
<taxonomicName id="4C5784E7FF8CFFDBFAC3F948F9E3DCDA" authorityName="Quelch" authorityYear="1885" box="[1319,1445,1667,1690]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Lafoeidae" genus="Zygophylax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9232376FF8CFFDBFAC3F948F9E3DCDA" box="[1319,1445,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Zygophylax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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