241 lines
25 KiB
XML
241 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="50217D11C70A30EBB5732B588A47C7B5" ID-CLB-Dataset="8491" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4855.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1ad9a0ab-ccd4-4047-9a29-f2dd287dc3e3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4411181" ID-ZooBank="28A15E99-7A79-40CA-A0C6-1DC501B69E46" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609606652428" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dawah, Hassan A., Abdullah, Mohammed A., Ahmad, Syed Kamran, Al-Dhafer, Hathal & Turner, James" docDate="2020" docId="CD39879E2B4D4920FF5B658251C2FDE6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4855.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4855 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Monoceromyia pulchra" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="3100FFE62B6B4907FFCC602F5340FFFF" masterDocTitle="An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698851405714" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="205C8DAD54A7B6FB9D787DFB93F58D4C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FDD0E903D9A8FCA066A33FED2A904621">
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<mods:title id="A34B3C82B2D91F838A85A283A113C59D">An overview of the Syrphidae (Diptera) of Saudi Arabia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E6AA639E26D99579AEE6AA3A22E04FED">Dawah, Hassan A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="56FEF544DB81CAF4551FA187ABFF5AC0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0236DE390E1FA053F0EEF5CCEA2AF204">Abdullah, Mohammed A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A75C502AE9359F4EE1618E616C87D7F9" type="email">mohd_robiya@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="A8461E2CE1C699C334DA064A2C72A04B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C527EE3524353AF825E292D7313AC6CF">Ahmad, Syed Kamran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="01F73D27F3EE8A31515E57EA18297608" type="email">entosaif@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="6EFD00D3B499D3A338386E7029437E88">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C7C4C0199EEB26C51B67964658089123">Al-Dhafer, Hathal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DFE07EC4F96009C7948048DE1477BF33" type="email">hdhafer@ksu.edu.sa</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="1D4F4B8FDAEB7EF8AF7BE13550217538">Turner, James</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FA775C4636D9652538ACC05CCC54349E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A2AA3EE864449ECB04BB3930C80C2F20">
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<mods:date id="5B21242C28DE24DDA7D0AD3F4A912C3B">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C0F5CD777B246F7C98C889F27BCEA342">2020-09-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DD43FE72FDBD646CF358D52FAE8E0E47">4855</mods:number>
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<treatment id="CD39879E2B4D4920FF5B658251C2FDE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4498709" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177208057" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4498709" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD39879E2B4D4920FF5B658251C2FDE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CD39879E2B4D4920FF5B658251C2FDE6" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B4D4921FF5B658251F6FA38" box="[151,694,1452,1480]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="452F36882B4D4921FF5B658251F6FA38" blockId="38.[151,694,1452,1515]" box="[151,694,1452,1480]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<heading id="1E6781E42B4D4921FF5B658251F6FA38" bold="true" box="[151,694,1452,1480]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4D4921FF5B658251F6FA38" ID-CoL="8CWBV" authority="(Herve-Bazin, 1913)" baseAuthorityName="Herve-Bazin" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[151,694,1452,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Monoceromyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FF5B658251F6FA38" bold="true" box="[151,694,1452,1480]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FF5B658252F4FA37" bold="true" box="[151,436,1453,1480]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Monoceromyia pulchra</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4D4921FE0F658351EDFA38" author="Herve-Bazin, J." box="[451,685,1452,1479]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="68 - 84" refId="ref36561" refString="Herve-Bazin, J. (1913) Syrphidae (Diptera) recueillis au Congo belge par le Dr J. Beauaert. 1. Genre Eumerus Meigen. Revue de Zoologique Africaines 3, 68 - 84." type="journal article" year="1913">Hervé-Bazin, 1913</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B4D4921FF5B65FE53B9FA14" box="[151,249,1489,1515]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
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<paragraph id="452F36882B4D4921FF5B65FE53B9FA14" blockId="38.[151,694,1452,1515]" box="[151,249,1489,1515]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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(
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<figureCitation id="DDAB2A0D2B4D4921FF6C65FE53B1FA14" box="[160,241,1489,1515]" captionStart="FIGURE 44" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,565,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-204@39.[151,1436,558,1799]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 44. Habitus of Monoceromyia pulchra Hervé-Bazin, 1913. Male, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4411227" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4411227/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B4D4921FF5B6639517CF9D1" box="[151,572,1558,1582]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="452F36882B4D4921FF5B6639517CF9D1" blockId="38.[151,572,1558,1582]" box="[151,572,1558,1582]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="658011A62B4D4921FF5B6639517CF9D1" box="[151,572,1558,1582]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<treatmentCitation id="C43110992B4D4921FF5B6639517CF9D1" author="Herve-Bazin, J." box="[151,572,1558,1582]" page="91" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" year="1913">
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<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4D4921FF5B6639517CF9D1" ID-CoL="8BDS4" authority="Herve-Bazin, 1913: 91" authorityName="Herve-Bazin" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,572,1558,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Cerioides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FF5B6639520FF9D1" box="[151,335,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Cerioides pulchra</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4D4921FE996639517CF9D1" author="Herve-Bazin, J." box="[341,572,1558,1582]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="68 - 84" refId="ref36561" refString="Herve-Bazin, J. (1913) Syrphidae (Diptera) recueillis au Congo belge par le Dr J. Beauaert. 1. Genre Eumerus Meigen. Revue de Zoologique Africaines 3, 68 - 84." type="journal article" year="1913">Hervé-Bazin, 1913: 91</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B4D4921FF5B667357F0F989" box="[151,1200,1628,1655]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="452F36882B4D4921FF5B667357F0F989" blockId="38.[151,1437,1628,1762]" box="[151,1200,1628,1655]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FF5B667352D8F989" bold="true" box="[151,408,1628,1654]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Examined specimens.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="F5F83CD52B4D4921FE53667357ECF989" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3029038450" box="[415,1196,1628,1655]" collectingDate="1983-02-12" collectionCode="KSMA" collectorName="K. Guichard" location="Taif" municipality="Wadi Majarish" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
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<specimenCount id="5396FD012B4D4921FE5366735283F989" box="[415,451,1628,1654]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<location id="404F60532B4D4921FE03667352BFF989" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CD39879E2B4D4920FF5B658251C2FDE6:404F60532B4D4921FE03667352BFF989" box="[463,511,1628,1654]" municipality="Wadi Majarish" name="Taif" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Taif</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="A54BACF22B4D4921FDC6667351F2F989" box="[522,690,1628,1654]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Wadi Majarish</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<date id="312E10482B4D4921FD7066735071F989" box="[700,817,1628,1654]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1983-02-12">
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<collectingDate id="216AE9A02B4D4921FD7066735071F989" box="[700,817,1628,1654]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1983-02-12">12.ii.1983</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, sweeping,
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<collectorName id="E865535E2B4D4921FC786672577EF989" box="[948,1086,1628,1655]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">K. Guichard</collectorName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="2381AE4D2B4D4921FB81667357E4F989" box="[1101,1188,1628,1654]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">KSMA</collectionCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0D8A65032B4D4920FF0B66AF51C2FDE6" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="452F36882B4D4921FF0B66AF5289F91D" blockId="38.[151,1437,1628,1762]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FF0B66AF5221F965" bold="true" box="[199,353,1664,1690]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</emphasis>
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This species was previously recorded for
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<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B4D4921FCF366AF5091F965" box="[831,977,1664,1690]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4D4921FC3766AF5661F965" author="Abu-Zoherah, R. & Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S." box="[1019,1313,1664,1691]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref33021" refString="Abu-Zoherah, R., Al-Taher, K. & Tilkian, S. (1993) List of Insects Recorded from Saudi Arabia. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, National Agriculture and Water Research Center, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Academic Publishing & Press, Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, 394 pp." type="book" year="1993">
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Abu-Zoherah
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FB5E66AE5784F965" box="[1170,1220,1664,1690]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al</emphasis>
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. (1993)
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</bibRefCitation>
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. It was described from
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<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B4D4921FEFC668B522BF941" box="[304,363,1700,1726]" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zaire</collectingCountry>
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and also recorded from the Afrotropical Regions:
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<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B4D4921FC62668B5745F941" box="[942,1029,1700,1726]" name="Nigeria" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B4D4921FBDD668B57C9F941" box="[1041,1161,1700,1726]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B4D4921FB55668B5645F940" box="[1177,1285,1700,1727]" name="Zimbabwe" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Rhodesia</collectingCountry>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="3D8776182B4D4921FA8B668B56DDF941" box="[1351,1437,1700,1726]" name="Zambia" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Zambia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4D4921FF5366E752FCF91D" author="Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R." box="[159,444,1736,1762]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" pagination="488 - 510" refId="ref40306" refString="Smith, K. G. V. & Vockeroth, J. R. (1980) 38. Family Syrphidae. In: Crosskey R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afro- tropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 488 - 510." type="book chapter" year="1980">Smith & Vockeroth 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="452F36882B4D4921FF5B671B5286F8B1" blockId="38.[151,454,1844,1870]" box="[151,454,1844,1870]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FF5B671B5286F8B1" bold="true" box="[151,454,1844,1870]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4D4921FF22671B5286F8B1" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[238,454,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FF22671B5213F8B1" bold="true" box="[238,339,1844,1870]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paragus</emphasis>
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Latreille
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="452F36882B4D4920FF5B675351C2FDE6" blockId="38.[151,1437,1916,2015]" lastBlockId="39.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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There are approximately 100 species of
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<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4D4921FD95675251F8F869" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[601,696,1917,1942]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FD95675251F8F869" box="[601,696,1917,1942]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paragus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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worldwide most of these found in the Palaearctic region (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4D4921FA8C675353BFF845" author="Thompson, F. C." pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref40870" refString="Thompson, F. C. (2004) Biosystemtic database of world diptera. Available from: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / Diptera / biosys. htm (accessed 30 August 2020)" type="url" year="2004">Thompson 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4D4921FED8678E5233F845" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[276,371,1953,1978]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FED8678E5233F845" box="[276,371,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paragus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
are thermophilous but most species prefer xerothermic conditions (
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<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4D4921FBA8678F5650F845" author="van Veen, M. P." box="[1124,1296,1952,1979]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" refId="ref41487" refString="van Veen, M. P. (2004) Hoverflies of Northwest Europe. KNNV Publishing, Utrecht, 254 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 9789004274495" type="book" year="2004">
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van
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<collectingRegion id="8754F86A2B4D4921FB58678E578CF844" box="[1172,1228,1953,1979]" country="Austria" name="Wien" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Veen</collectingRegion>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Vujić
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FAA9678E56DDF845" box="[1381,1437,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008) established two new subgenera within the genus
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|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4D4921FCDC67EA502FF821" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[784,879,1989,2014]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FCDC67EA502FF821" box="[784,879,1989,2014]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Paragus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
. These are
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4D4921FC3E67EB57E2F821" box="[1010,1186,1988,2014]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Serratoparagus</emphasis>
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Vujić & Radenkovićé and
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|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FF0060B852E2FF4E" authority="Vujic" authorityName="Vujic & Radenkovie. Kaufmann" authorityYear="1973" box="[204,418,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Afroparagus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FF0060B85219FF4E" box="[204,345,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Afroparagus</emphasis>
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|
Vujić
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</taxonomicName>
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|
& Radenkovićé. With the addition of existing subgenera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FB9560B85664FF4E" authority="Latreille" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[1113,1316,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FB9560B857F8FF4F" box="[1113,1208,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paragus</emphasis>
|
|
Latreille
|
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</taxonomicName>
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|
and
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|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FAAA60B8527FFF2A" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandasyopthalmus">
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|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FAAA60B8527FFF2A" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pandasyopthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
Stuckenberg, therefore
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FD87609451EAFF2B" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[587,682,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FD87609451EAFF2B" box="[587,682,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paragus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
consists of four subgenera. These divisions are based on molecular data and the data set of morphological characters including some features of the male terminalia not previously used in the systematics of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FE79612C5156FEE2" authorityName="Glumac" authorityYear="1961" box="[437,534,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Paragini">Paragini</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Most species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FD11612C507CFEE3" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[733,828,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FD11612C507CFEE3" box="[733,828,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paragus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are very variable, sometimes difficult to identify and easily confused with one another, and characters of the genitalia are essential for species identification. The species of the subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FE9D61645166FE9A" box="[337,550,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandasyopthalmus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FE9D61645166FE9A" box="[337,550,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pandasyopthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are difficult to identify, differing mainly in the structure of the male genitalia.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4C4920FF5B614052C2FE76" author="Stuckenberg, B. R." box="[151,386,366,393]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="97 - 139" refId="ref40553" refString="Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 a) Studies on Paragus, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Revue de Zoologieet de Botanique Africaines, 49 (1 - 2), 97 - 139." type="journal article" year="1954">Stuckenberg (1954a)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
was the first to describe the intraspecific variability in the structure of the male genitalia in some species of the subgenus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FE2961BC51FAFE52" box="[485,698,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pandasyopthalmus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FE2961BC51FAFE52" box="[485,698,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pandasyopthalmus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The females of most of these species can be identified only based on the characters of the accompanying males (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4C4920FD53619850C1FE2E" author="Stuckenberg, B. R." box="[671,897,438,465]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" pagination="97 - 139" refId="ref40553" refString="Stuckenberg, B. R. (1954 a) Studies on Paragus, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Syrphidae). Revue de Zoologieet de Botanique Africaines, 49 (1 - 2), 97 - 139." type="journal article" year="1954">Stuckenberg 1954 a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, b). The larvae of all the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FAD861985633FE2F" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[1300,1395,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FAD861985633FE2F" box="[1300,1395,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paragus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are known to be predators of aphids and can be used in biological control of plant pests (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4C4920FB8061F457FEFE0A" author="Coe, R. L." box="[1100,1214,474,501]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref34413" refString="Coe, R. L. (1953) Diptera Syrphidae. Handbooks for the identification of British insects. 10 (1). Royal Entomological Society of London, London, 98 pp." type="book" year="1953">Coe 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82904D0B2B4C4920FB1D61F45670FE0B" authorityName="Latreille. Smith & Vockeroth" authorityYear="1980" box="[1233,1328,475,500]" class="Insecta" family="Syrphidae" genus="Paragus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="77E4EA9A2B4C4920FB1D61F45670FE0B" box="[1233,1328,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Paragus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
normally fly very close to the ground (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="21014B792B4C4920FE1661D05136FDE6" author="Speight, M. C. D." box="[474,630,511,537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" refId="ref40366" refString="Speight, M. C. D. (2020) Species accounts of European Syrphidae (Diptera), 2020. Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Vol. 104. Syrph the Net publications, Dublin, 313 pp." type="book" year="2020">Speight 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |