266 lines
24 KiB
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266 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652" ID-GBIF-Dataset="db99327c-6b14-4d79-9a0c-4b8c941ca1bd" ID-PMC="PMC6160854" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-108-25" ID-Pensoft-UUID="613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE" ID-PubMed="30275733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1409868" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-108-25" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." checkinTime="1553125367062" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Horn, Charles N. & Almeida, Rafael F." docDate="2018" docId="E999E22981F8EAB3C93142EE6F1216FC" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 108: 25-83" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 108" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652" docTitle="Pontederia (Monochoria) subg. Monochoria (C. Presl) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn 2018, comb. et stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE" masterDocTitle="Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L." masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1668139023691" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Horn, Charles N.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Almeida, Rafael F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>108</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>25</mods:start>
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<mods:end>83</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-108-25</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">613AFFC18E03FFDEFFA1DB2FFF88FFAE</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1409868</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472644" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E999E22981F8EAB3C93142EE6F1216FC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E999E22981F8EAB3C93142EE6F1216FC" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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2.
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<taxonomicName LSID="740EAB57-70A6-5FF9-B0BC-E3326DA62E53" authority="subg. Monochoria (C. Presl) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityName="subg. Monochoria (C. Presl) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="subg. Cabanisia (Klotzsch ex Schltdl.) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="comb. et stat. nov.">Pontederia subg. Monochoria (C.Presl) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="25">comb. et stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pontederia subg. Monochoria (C. Presl) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn. A-B habit: A paludal habit of P. australasica (Ridl.) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn B paludal habit of P. cyanea (F. Muell.) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn C ligule of P. vaginalis Burm. f., showing the truncate apex D-E petiolate leaf-blades: D blade of P. cyanea, showing the lack of a posterior division E blade of P. vaginalis, showing the presence of a posterior division F-G inflorescences: F inflorescence of P. australasica, showing the developed main axis G inflorescence of P. plantaginea Roxb., showing the contracted main axis H front view of a flower of P. korsakowii (Regel & Maack) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn I-J inflorescences at post-anthesis: I erect inflorescence of P. hastata L. bearing flowers at post-anthesis J infructescence of P. hastata, showing the deflexed posture and the elongated pedicels K sections of immature capsules of P. vaginalis, showing developing seeds. A, F by M. Barritt B by R. Cumming C, E, K by P. B. Pelser & J. F. Barcelona D by A. & S. Pearson G by D. Valke H by Ashitaka-f Studio and I & J by Cerlin Ng." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/225722" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Monochoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monochoria" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Monochoria</taxonomicName>
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C.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1(2): 127. 1827. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Presl" authorityYear="1827" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Monochoria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Monochoria hastifolia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastifolia">Monochoria hastifolia</taxonomicName>
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C.Presl., nom. illeg. (≡
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="hastata">P. hastata</taxonomicName>
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L.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1830" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Calcarunia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calcarunia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Calcarunia</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Med. Fl. 2: 106. 1830. Type species.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Calcarunia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Calcarunia hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastata">Calcarunia hastata</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Raf., nom. inval. (≡
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="hastata">P. hastata</taxonomicName>
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L.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Carigola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carigola" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Carigola</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 10. 1837. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raf" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Carigola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Carigola hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hastata">Carigola hastata</taxonomicName>
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(L.) Raf. (≡
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="hastata">P. hastata</taxonomicName>
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L.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Gomphima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gomphima" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gomphima</taxonomicName>
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Raf., Fl. Tellur. 2: 10. 1837. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Raf" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="Burm. f." class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Gomphima" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gomphima vaginalis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaginalis">Gomphima vaginalis</taxonomicName>
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(Burm.f.) Raf. (≡
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. vaginalis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="vaginalis">P. vaginalis</taxonomicName>
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Burm.f.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Kadakia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kadakia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Kadakia</taxonomicName>
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Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2: 9. 1837. Type species.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Kadakia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kadakia dilatata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dilatata">Kadakia dilatata</taxonomicName>
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(Buch.-Ham.) Raf. (=
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="hastata">P. hastata</taxonomicName>
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L.).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Limnostachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Limnostachys" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Limnostachys</taxonomicName>
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F.Muell., Fragm. 1: 24. 1858. Type species.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Muell" authorityYear="1858" class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Limnostachys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Limnostachys cyanea" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyanea">Limnostachys cyanea</taxonomicName>
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F.Muell. [≡
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. cyanea" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cyanea">P. cyanea</taxonomicName>
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(F.Muell.) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Herbs</emphasis>
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perennial or annual, aquatic to amphibious, erect-emergent or procumbent-emergent.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Rhizome</emphasis>
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short to elongated.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Stems</emphasis>
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erect, spongy, branching at the base.
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="Sessile" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sessile leaves" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="leaves">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Sessile leaves</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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early deciduous.
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<taxonomicName genus="Petiolate" lsidName="Petiolate leaves" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="leaves">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Petiolate leaves</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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distichously to spirally-alternate, congested at the apex of the stem, sometimes evenly distributed along the stem, floating to emergent, ligule truncate, petioles not-inflated, blades cordate to broadly cordate, rarely elliptic to narrowly ovate.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Main florescences (inflorescences)</emphasis>
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terminal, sessile or pedunculate; inflorescence leaf with an inflated leaf-sheath; basal bract tubular, apex caudate, sometimes acute to acuminate, rarely leaf-like; cincinni alternate or fascicle-like, 1-3-flowered, sessile or pedunculate, internodes elongate, rarely contracted.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Flowers</emphasis>
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pedicellate, chasmogamous, monostylous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, enantiostylous, perianth connate only at base, campanulate, spirally-coiled at post-anthesis, non-deliquescent and tightly enclosing the developing fruit, lobes 3 superior and 3 inferior, the central superior lobe lacking a nectar guide; stamens unequal, filaments connate forming a petalo-staminal tube, J-shaped or recurved-decurved, glabrous, anthers basifixed, poricidal, dehiscent through two apical pores; ovary with 3 fertile locules, multi-ovulate, septal nectaries absent, style glabrous, stigma capitulate to capitate or trilobate to trifid.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Capsules</emphasis>
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loculicidal, ellipsoid to oblongoid to subglobose; anthocarp thickened, ridged.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Seeds</emphasis>
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cylindrical or ellipsoid to narrowly oblongoid to broadly oblongoid to subglobose or ovoid, testa longitudinally winged.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1409884" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/225722" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="subg. Monochoria" authorityName="subg. Monochoria (C. Presl) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="subg. Cabanisia (Klotzsch ex Schltdl.) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pontederia subg. Monochoria</taxonomicName>
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(C.Presl) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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habit:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A</emphasis>
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paludal habit of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. australasica" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="australasica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. australasica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ridl.) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
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paludal habit of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. cyanea" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cyanea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. cyanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(F.Muell.) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C</emphasis>
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ligule of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. vaginalis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="vaginalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. vaginalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Burm.f., showing the truncate apex
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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petiolate leaf-blades:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
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blade of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. cyanea" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="cyanea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. cyanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, showing the lack of a posterior division
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">E</emphasis>
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blade of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. vaginalis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="vaginalis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. vaginalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, showing the presence of a posterior division
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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inflorescences:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">F</emphasis>
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inflorescence of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. australasica" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="australasica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. australasica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, showing the developed main axis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
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inflorescence of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. plantaginea" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="plantaginea">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. plantaginea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Roxb., showing the contracted main axis
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">H</emphasis>
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front view of a flower of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. korsakowii" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="korsakowii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. korsakowii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Regel & Maack) M.Pell. & C.N.Horn
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–J">I-J</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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inflorescences at post-anthesis:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">I</emphasis>
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erect inflorescence of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="hastata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. hastata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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L. bearing flowers at post-anthesis J infructescence of
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<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. hastata" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="hastata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. hastata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing the deflexed posture and the elongated pedicels K sections of immature capsules of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Pontederiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. vaginalis" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="vaginalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">P. vaginalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing developing seeds.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">A, F</emphasis>
|
||
by M. Barritt
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">B</emphasis>
|
||
by R. Cumming
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">C, E, K</emphasis>
|
||
by P.B. Pelser & J.F. Barcelona
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">D</emphasis>
|
||
by A. & S. Pearson
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
by D. Valke
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">H</emphasis>
|
||
by Ashitaka-f Studio and I & J by Cerlin Ng.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="circumscription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Circumscription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Monochoria" authorityName="subg. Monochoria (C. Presl) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="subg. Cabanisia (Klotzsch ex Schltdl.) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pontederia subg. Monochoria</taxonomicName>
|
||
is composed of ten exclusively Paleotropical species. All species occur in permanently moist environments or shallow waters, growing either as erect or procumbent-emergent, resembling in habit smaller members of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="subg. Pontederia" family="Pontederiaceae" genus="P." infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P." order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" rank="genus">P. subg. Pontederia</taxonomicName>
|
||
and even some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Heteranthera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteranthera" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Heteranthera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The members of this subgenus are quite unique within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="subg. Monochoria (C. Presl) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" authorityYear="2018" baseAuthorityName="subg. Cabanisia (Klotzsch ex Schltdl.) M. Pell. & C. N. Horn" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Pontederia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pontederia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Pontederia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="25">s.l.</emphasis>
|
||
due to their pedicellate flowers, perianth only basally connate, unequal stamens, basifixed and poricidal anthers and due to the secondary loss of the septal nectaries.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Exclusively Paleotropical (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cook, CDK" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe botanique de France" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" refId="B20" refString="Cook, CDK, 1989. Taxonomic revision of Monochoria (Pontederiaceae). In: Tan K, et al. (Eds) The Davis & Hedge Festschrift: Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography, and Related Subjects. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 149-184." title="Taxonomic revision of Monochoria (Pontederiaceae). In: Tan K, et al. (Eds) The Davis & Hedge Festschrift: Plant Taxonomy, Phytogeography, and Related Subjects. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 149 - 184." year="1989">Cook 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with two species native to Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Kirkia" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="80 - 83" refId="B119" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1961. The genus Monochoria C.Presl (Pontederiaceae) in Africa. Kirkia 1: 80 - 83" title="The genus Monochoria C. Presl (Pontederiaceae) in Africa." volume="1" year="1961">Verdcourt 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), four to Australia (two endemic,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Aston, HI" journalOrPublisher="Muelleria" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="51 - 57" refId="B5" refString="Aston, HI, 1985. Monochoria cyanea and M. australasica (Pontederiaceae) in Australia. Muelleria 6 (1): 51 - 57" title="Monochoria cyanea and M. australasica (Pontederiaceae) in Australia." volume="6" year="1985">Aston 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and six to Asia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang, G-X" journalOrPublisher="Current Topics in Plant Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="25" pagination="39 - 52" refId="B123" refString="Wang, G-X, Wei, L, Xiao-Chun, W, Itoh, K, 2004. Taxonomy of the genus Monochoria (Pontederiaceae) in Asia. Current Topics in Plant Biology 5: 39 - 52" title="Taxonomy of the genus Monochoria (Pontederiaceae) in Asia." volume="5" year="2004">Wang et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |