treatments-xml/data/CF/82/54/CF8254597517584BA81288AEFDB1A720.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c4802ba-4c6b-47d2-9cb7-2aacb9f5c218" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-1324-1-175" ID-Pensoft-UUID="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" ID-ZooBank="9E52FBF7700E4FC3A62E0334CE3DE926" ModsDocID="1860-1324-70-1-175" checkinTime="1683131457736" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aspoeck, Horst &amp; Aspoeck, Ulrike" docDate="2023" docId="CF8254597517584BA81288AEFDB1A720" docLanguage="en" docName="DeutEntomolZeit 70(1): 175-218" docOrigin="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1)" docPubDate="2023-05-03" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559" docTitle="Raphidia Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF" masterDocTitle="The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="175" pageNumber="175" updateTime="1683132186139" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Horst</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9407-3566</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aspoeck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Department of Entomology, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria &amp; Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ulrike.aspoeck@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-05-03</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>70</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>175</mods:start>
<mods:end>218</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.70.101559</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-1324-1-175</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9E52FBF7700E4FC3A62E0334CE3DE926</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">88E9CFE5B5315143B11AAA90BD90ECBF</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF8254597517584BA81288AEFDB1A720" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF8254597517584BA81288AEFDB1A720" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="775X" ID-ENA="887749" LSID="CF825459-7517-584B-A812-88AEFDB1A720" authority="Linnaeus, 1758 s. l." authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidia Linnaeus, 1758 s.l.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Raphidia</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758 (odescr) [type species by monotypy: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia ophiopsis" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ophiopsis">Raphidia ophiopsis</taxonomicName>
Linnaeus, 1758]: H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="67 - 111" refId="B43" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1989. The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica 15: 67 - 111" title="The Raphidioptera of the Eastern Mediterranean: A Zoogeographical Analysis." volume="15" year="1989">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1989
</bibRefCitation>
(biogeogr, distr; ill: distrmap); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
(mon); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" author="Oswald, JD" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 94" refId="B150" refString="Oswald, JD, Penny, ND, 1991. Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences 147: 1 - 94, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" title="Genus-group names of the Neuroptera, Megaloptera and Raphidioptera of the world." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.3428" volume="147" year="1991">Oswald and Penny 1991</bibRefCitation>
(cat, nom); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Denisia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 606" refId="B47" refString="Aspoeck, H, Hoelzel, H, Aspoeck, U, 2001. Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis. Denisia 02: 1 - 606" title="Kommentierter Katalog der Neuropterida (Insecta: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) der Westpalaearktis." volume="02" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
(anncat); H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" editor="Sziraki, G" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6 - 9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2)" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="35 - 50" refId="B13" refString="Aspoeck, H, 2002. The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge. In: Sziraki, G, Ed., Neuropterology 2000. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Neuropterology, 6-9 August 2000, Budapest, Hungary. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48(Suppl. 2): 35 - 50" title="The biology of Raphidioptera: A review of present knowledge." volumeTitle="Neuropterology 2000." year="2002">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2002
</bibRefCitation>
(biol, paras); 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
(phyl); U. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="565 - 573" refId="B48" refString="Aspoeck, H, Liu, XY, Aspoeck, U, 2012. The family Inocelliidae (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). A review of present knowledge. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allgemeine und Angewandte Entomologie 18: 565 - 573" title="The family Inocelliidae (Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). A review of present knowledge." volume="18" year="2012">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
(fig: phyltree; list); 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 155" refId="B32" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2013. Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 20: 9 - 155" title="Woher kommen die Namen? Die validen rezenten Taxa der Kamelhalsfliegen der Erde: Systematisches Verzeichnis und Etymologie (Insecta: Endopterygota: Neuropterida: Raphidioptera)." volume="20" year="2013">
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
and U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
(cat, etymol, phyl), 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="9 - 152" refId="B33" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, 2014. Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota). Entomologica Austriaca: Zeitschrift der Osterreichischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 21: 9 - 152" title="Die Autoren der Taxa der rezenten Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Endopterygota)." volume="21" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
(cat).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="taxonomy and systematics">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Taxonomy and systematics.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
H. 
<bibRefCitation author="Aspoeck, H" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Gallo-Hellenica" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" refId="B44" refString="Aspoeck, H, Aspoeck, U, Rausch, H, 1991. Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" title="Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Oekologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Uebersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Mit 36 Bestimmungsschluesseln, 15 Tabellen, ca. 3100 Abbildungen und ca. 200 Verbreitungskarten. Goecke &amp; Evers, Krefeld: 2 Bde: 730 pp. [550 pp.]" year="1991">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
et al. (1991)
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. With 18 species in 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
subgenera (
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Planipennia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Raphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str.: 15 spp., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aspock &amp; Aspock" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Aserbeidshanoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aserbeidshanoraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Aserbeidshanoraphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
: 1 sp., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Aspock &amp; Aspock" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Nigroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nigroraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Nigroraphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
H. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
&amp; U. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aspöck">Aspoeck</normalizedToken>
: 2. spp.). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Planipennia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Raphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is - after 
<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Aspock &amp; U.Aspock" authorityYear="1968" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Mongoloraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mongoloraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Mongoloraphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Phaeostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- the third largest genus of the family 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1810" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
. Only the subgenus 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Phaeostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaeostigma (Raphidia)" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Raphidia">Phaeostigma Raphidia</taxonomicName>
s. str. is represented on Mediterranean islands with altogether 6 species, five of these (
<taxonomicName class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. mediterranea" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mediterranea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">R. mediterranea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. beieri" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beieri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">R. beieri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. peterressli" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peterressli">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">R. peterressli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. mysia" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">R. mysia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. ambigua" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ambigua">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">R. ambigua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) belong to a group of more closely related species, while 
<taxonomicName class="Chilopoda" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. ariadne" order="Scolopendromorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ariadne">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">R. ariadne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is somewhat isolated. In a molecular phylogenetic study (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" author="Haring, E" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" pagination="16 - 30" refId="B101" refString="Haring, E, Aspoeck, H, Bartel, D, Aspoeck, U, 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology 36 (1): 16 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" title="Molecular phylogeny of the Raphidiidae (Raphidioptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2010.00542.x" volume="36" year="2011">Haring et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Raphidia" order="Planipennia" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Raphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. l. has emerged as the sister of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dichrostigma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dichrostigma" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Dichrostigma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="H.Aspock, U.Aspock &amp; Rausch" authorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Tjederiraphidia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tjederiraphidia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Tjederiraphidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this needs confirmation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">All species can easily be differentiated by characters of the male, partly also of female genitalia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">
Larvae of some species strictly corticolous, of others partly or strictly soil-dwelling. Development in some (most?) species mainlyone year, in others two (or - rarely - 
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Subilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Subilla three" order="Mecoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="175" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="three">Subilla three</taxonomicName>
) years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: (III)IV-VII(VIII).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="175" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="175">Europe (except W- and SW-Europe), Aegean islands, Anatolia, Caucasus, N-Iran, northern and northeastern Asia.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>