272 lines
30 KiB
XML
272 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="77176672-46b6-4038-94bc-19d42179a207" ID-PMC="PMC3088040" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-74-1" ID-PubMed="21594135" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-74-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 74" ModsDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia’s Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" checkinTime="1451250850120" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Loughman, Zachary J. & Simon, Thomas P." docDate="2011" docId="CF3DE3A35E1F13122CCC19CE17E4D64E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 74: 1-78" docOrigin="ZooKeys 74" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808" docTitle="Orconectes ((Gremicambarus)) virilis Hagen 1870" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="6864053DFFF0FFA5B11CFFA0557B1B45" masterDocTitle="Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)" masterLastPageNumber="78" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1668165538016" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Zoogeography, taxonomy, and conservation of West Virginia's Ohio River floodplain crayfishes (Decapoda, Cambaridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Loughman, Zachary J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Simon, Thomas P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>74</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.74.808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-74-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360984" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CF3DE3A35E1F13122CCC19CE17E4D64E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF3DE3A35E1F13122CCC19CE17E4D64E" lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName authority="Hagen, 1870" authorityName="Hagen" authorityYear="1870" class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes ((Gremicambarus)) virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis" subGenus="(Gremicambarus)">Orconectes (Gremicambarus) virilis (Hagen, 1870)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Cambarus virilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Hagen 1870</bibRefCitation>
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:63, fig. 23-28.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus wisonsinensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wisonsinensis">Cambarus wisonsinensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bundy, WF" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Museum of Natural History" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="3 - 25" title="List of Illinois crustaceans, with descriptions of new species." volume="1" year="1876">Bundy 1876</bibRefCitation>
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:4.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus debilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="debilis">Cambarus debilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Bundy, WF" journalOrPublisher="Illinois Museum of Natural History" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="3 - 25" title="List of Illinois crustaceans, with descriptions of new species." volume="1" year="1876">Bundy 1876</bibRefCitation>
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:24.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus cousii" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cousii">Cambarus cousii</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Streets, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States Geologic Survey" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="803 - 804" title="Description of Cambarus couesi, a new species of crawfish from Dakota." volume="3" year="1877">Streets 1877</bibRefCitation>
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:803.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Cousei)" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cousei">Cambarus Cousei</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Faxon, W" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="356 - 361" title="A list of the Astacidae in the United States National Museum." volume="8" year="1885">Faxon 1885</bibRefCitation>
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:97.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus wisconsiensis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wisconsiensis">Cambarus wisconsiensis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Harris, JA" journalOrPublisher="Kansas University Quarterly" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="263 - 274" title="Annotated catalogue of the crayfishes of Kansas." volume="9" year="1900">Harris 1900</bibRefCitation>
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:271.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus cousei" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cousei">Cambarus cousei</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Harris, JA" journalOrPublisher="Kansas University Science Bulletin" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="51 - 187" title="An ecological catalogue of the crayfishes belonging to the genus Cambarus." volume="2" year="1903">Harris 1903</bibRefCitation>
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:134.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus viridis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridis">Cambarus viridis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Moenkhaus, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Indiana University Science Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="111 - 112" title="An extra pair of appendages modified for copulatory purposes in Cambarus viridis." volume="1" year="1904">Moenkhaus 1904</bibRefCitation>
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:111.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Cambarus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cambarus (Faxonius) virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis" subGenus="Faxonius">Cambarus (Faxonius) virilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Ortmann, AE" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="91 - 136" title="The mutual affinities of the species of Cambarus, and their dispersal over the United States." volume="44" year="1905 b">Ortmann 1905b</bibRefCitation>
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:113. Creaser 1932:326, fig. 1, 2, 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Faxonius virilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Creaser, EP" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 9" title="Seasonal changes in male populations of Faxonius propinquus." volume="253" year="1933 a">Creaser 1933a</bibRefCitation>
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:3; 1962:2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Faxonius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Faxonius (Faxonius) virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis" subGenus="Faxonius">Faxonius (Faxonius) virilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Creaser, EP" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 21" title="Descriptions of some new and poorly known species of North American crayfishes." volume="275" year="1933 b">Creaser 1933b</bibRefCitation>
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:21
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="American Midland Naturalist" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="344 - 357" title="A generic revision of the crayfish subfamily Cambarinae (Decapoda: Astacidae), with the description of a new genus and species." volume="28" year="1942 a">Hobbs 1942a</bibRefCitation>
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:352;
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<bibRefCitation pageId="36" pageNumber="37">1972</bibRefCitation>
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:91, figs. 72h, 73e;
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 161" title="A checklist of North and Middle America crayfishes (Decpaoda: Astacidae and Cambaridae)." volume="166" year="1974">1974</bibRefCitation>
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:42, fig. 162.
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<bibRefCitation author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Tulane Studies in Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="57 - 79" title="Geographic variation in the crawfish Faxonella clypeata (Hay) with the definition and defense of the genus Faxonella (Crustacea: Astacidae)." volume="10" year="1963">Fitzpatrick 1963</bibRefCitation>
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:61.
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<bibRefCitation author="Page, LM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="335 - 448" title="The crayfishes and shrimp of Illinois." volume="33" year="1985">Page 1985</bibRefCitation>
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:417, fig. 151-154.
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<bibRefCitation author="Pflieger, WL" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Conservationist" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="17 - 31" title="An introduction to the crayfishes of Missouri." volume="48" year="1987">Pflieger 1987</bibRefCitation>
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:22.
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<bibRefCitation author="Pflieger, WL" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" title="The crayfishes of Missouri" year="1996">Pflieger 1996</bibRefCitation>
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:122-126, fig. 28
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–">A-</normalizedToken>
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28I.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="25 - 38" title="Conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada." volume="21" year="1996">Taylor et al. 1996</bibRefCitation>
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:31.
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<bibRefCitation author="Taylor, CA" journalOrPublisher="Fisheries" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="372 - 389" title="A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada after 10 + years of increased awareness." volume="32" year="2007">Taylor et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Orconectes) virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis" subGenus="Orconectes">Orconectes (Orconectes) virilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="University of Florida Publications of Biological Science Series" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 179" title="Crayfishes of Florida." volume="3" year="1942 b">Hobbs 1942b</bibRefCitation>
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:154.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes (Gremicambarus) virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis" subGenus="Gremicambarus">Orconectes (Gremicambarus) virilis</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Fitzpatrick, JF Jr." journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="44 - 74" title="The subgenera of the crawfish genus Orconectes (Decapoda: Cambaridae)." volume="100" year="1987">Fitzpatrick 1987</bibRefCitation>
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:54, fig. 5.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH III" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the Milwaukee Public Museum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 177" title="The crayfishes and shrimp of Wisconsin" volume="5" year="1988">Hobbs and Jass 1988</bibRefCitation>
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:79-86, figs. 52
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
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52o.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH Jr." journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 236" title="An illustrated checklist of the American crayfishes (Decapoda: Astacidae, Cambaridae, and Parastacidae)." volume="480" year="1989">Hobbs 1989</bibRefCitation>
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:42, fig. 199.
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<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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:44-51, figs. 19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–">a-</normalizedToken>
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19h. Loughman 2010:53-57, fig. 18.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Rostrum with straight margins, not thickened or possessing spines or tubercles; median carina absent; postorbital ridges terminating cephalically with spine or tubercle. Branchiostegal spine reduced; hepatic spine absent. Cephalothorax oval shaped and slightly dorsoventrally flattened in profile; without setae; suborbital angle obsolete. Areola 7.1-19.0 times longer than wide, comprising 34-39% of TCL, with 1-2 rows of punctations across narrowest region. Chelae smooth, broad and robust; mesial surface of palm with two rows of defined tubercles; first row with 6-8 rounded tubercles; second with 5-8 tubercles; lateral margin of propodus smooth; dorsal surfaces of both dactyl and fixed finger of propodus with prominent well developed longitudinal ridges; elongate plumose setae at base of fixed finger of propodus. First form male gonopods long, comprising 42% of TCL, with 2 terminal elements, both bent and curving at about 30° to the base; central projection corneous, comprising 24% of gonopod length, cephalic base without shoulder. Form two male gonopod noncorneus, gently curving caudally; mesial process subequal in length to central projection, blunt. Female annulus ventralis rhomboid, fossa large, sulcus wide, cephalolateral prominences weak, sinus only evident on caudal surface.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="color in life">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Color in life.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Carapace and abdomen dorsally olivaceus or brown; rostral margins darker brown to black; postorbital ridges and caudal margins of cephalic portion of carapace along cervical groove brown; two rows of blotches on dorsal surface of abdomen; dorsal surface of chelae emerald green; tips of propodus and dactyl darker green; all knobs on chelipeds beige or tan; ventral surfaces cream or white.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
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were collected in Mason and Pleasants counties at three locations in the current study, as listed below.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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MASON COUNTY: Krodel Park marsh adjacent to Fort Randolph reproduction, 38.785404 -82.12209; 26 March 2004 - (WLU 04032601), 2 I♂, 1 ♀; 28 April 2004 - (WLU 04042801), 1 II♂, 1 ♀; 17 March 2005 - (WLU 05031703), 1 I♂; 28 March 2005 - (WLU 05032802), 7 I♂; 5 May 2005 - (WLU 05050501), 5 II♂, 1 ♀. Pin oak swamp adjacent to Point Pleasant Moose Lodge in Wagner, 38.833603 -82.12227; 27 February 2005 - (WLU 05022701), 1 I♂. PLEASANTS COUNTY: Ohio River embayment 4.03 air km (2.52 mi) S of St.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
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, 39.397575 -81.202415; 30 March 2004 - (WLU 04033002), 2 II♂.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
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native range includes Saskatchewan south through Montana and Utah east to Ontario, and throughout northern portions of the Mississippi River system. Several disjunct populations persist in Ohio and throughout the northeast.West Virginia
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
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populations are invasive (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="36" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
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were limited to two sites in the Middle Ohio North and Middle Ohio South basins (Figure 10). The Middle Ohio South population is present in an Ohio River embayment at the northern city limit of Saint
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
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, Pleasant County. The
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="38" start="start">Lower</pageBreakToken>
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Kanawha basin population occurs in Krodel Park lake, Point Pleasant, Mason County. The Saint
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
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population does not appear to be abundant, with three individuals collected during seven collection events in 2004 and 2005. The Krodel Park population represents a potential source population for future invasions.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="morphometrics">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Morphometrics.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
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The largest observed individual was a 52.4 mm TCL form I male collected from Krodel Park Lake, Mason County. The largest female was 43.3 TCL, also from Krodel Park. The mean TCL for
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<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 42.8 mm (n = 22, SE = 6.11). This species was the largest crayfish collected in this study. Morphometrics for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are presented in Table 11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="522FEB2FF7DF88FBEEC0A7D56BBC8986" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/522FEB2FF7DF88FBEEC0A7D56BBC8986" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Table 11. West Virginia Ohio River floodplain
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphometrics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<table pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<tr pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rowspan="1">N</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rowspan="1">Minimum</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rowspan="1">Maximum</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rowspan="1">Mean</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" rowspan="1">Standard Deviation</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="habitat and natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Habitat and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figure 22) is an invasive floodplain species; the closest native populations are endemic to the upper Mississippi River valley (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hobbs, HH III" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the Milwaukee Public Museum" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" pagination="1 - 177" title="The crayfishes and shrimp of Wisconsin" volume="5" year="1988">Hobbs and Jass 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Page, LM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin Illinois Natural History Survey" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="335 - 448" title="The crayfishes and shrimp of Illinois." volume="33" year="1985">Page 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two disjunct populations were discovered along the Ohio River floodplain, in Krodel Park, Mason County and near Saint
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mary’s">Mary's</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Pleasant County, in an Ohio River embayment. Krodel Lake population stock undoubtedly came from bait-bucket introductions. Less than five km from Krodel Lake is an aquaculture facility that raises and sells
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
for fish bait. Discussions with anglers informed the primary author that "soft craws" were purchased from local bait dealers and used in Krodel Park.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected from six wetlands surrounding Krodel Lake. All of these sites are within one km of the lake proper. Within the lake,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
uses riprap in the littoral zone for cover. Over one hundred adults were observed utilizing this habitat between 20:00-23:00 h on 5 May 2005.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Figure 22.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Middle Ohio South basin, Mason County, West Virginia - WLU 04032601
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="38" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
|
||
In certain situations
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
travels as far as one km from the lake to nearby wetlands. Its presence in a vernal pool system with zero fishing effort shows the propensity of this species to migrate. In one instance,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
had not been captured from an ephemeral pool system in spring and summer of 2004. After severe flooding in the fall
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="38" pageNumber="39" start="start">of</pageBreakToken>
|
||
2004, in which Krodel Lake spilled over into nearby bottomland forest,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
was captured in these wetlands. Life history information for invasive populations in West Virginia is unknown. Available life history information is presented in Table 9.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
are very large crayfish, and it is not hard to understand why they are capable of displacing native West Virginia species. The chelae on form I males in many instances were longer than the total body length of native
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes sanbornii" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sanbornii">Orconectes sanbornii</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="conservation status within study area">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Conservation status within study area.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Malacostraca" family="Cambaridae" genus="Orconectes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Orconectes virilis" order="Decapoda" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="virilis">Orconectes virilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations require monitoring. This invasive species has proven to be successful in destroying several mid-Atlantic crayfish populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jezerinac, RF" journalOrPublisher="Ohio Biological Survey Bulletin" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 193" title="The Crayfishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae) of West Virginia" volume="10" year="1995">Jezerinac et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kilian, JV" journalOrPublisher="Southeastern Naturalist" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="11 - 32" title="The status and distribution of Maryland crayfishes" volume="9" year="2010">Kilian et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Loughman, ZJ" journalOrPublisher="Southeastern Naturalist" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="63 - 78" title="Distribution and conservation standing of West Virginia crayfishes" volume="9" year="2010">Loughman and Welsh 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Swecker, CD" journalOrPublisher="Southeastern Naturalist" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="155 - 164" title="The extirpation of Orconectes limosus (Spinycheek Crayfish) populations in West Virginia" volume="9" year="2010">Swecker et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Krodel Lake population represents an important potential source population for future introductions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |