138 lines
18 KiB
XML
138 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="4772DA8A1395EBCC4DD1A8C373CC8D3D" ENCODING="Cp1252" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8dde430-38be-428b-a0f9-a58301f84c1e" ModsDocAuthor="Wilson, E. O." ModsDocDate="2003" ModsDocID="20017" ModsDocOrigin="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" ModsDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." checkinTime="1252781321020" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Wilson, E. O." docDate="2003" docId="CE3C1E6B03002F8C5D3C917CB6004503" docLanguage="en" docName="20017_diligens_group_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press" docSource="http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017" docTitle="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" docType="treatment" docVersion="18" lastPageNumber="165" masterDocId="EB375D387B7AABC202B01DF28EF2DA63" masterDocTitle="Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus." pageNumber="165" updateTime="1701311108174" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="46CBCFCF3C8A370C203D4DAC68043272" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="8D9B794AC1DB1FC85E90639968346C9F">
|
|
<mods:title id="550A5511D5D39B94AA47F8F4703CAB4E">Pheidole in the New World. A dominant, hyperdiverse ant genus.</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="D3C01B8CD446BFF237EFEB5C09F2ACC4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="608DD13E6E8917CDDC1635575E407828">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="CF5A16581352038499CD18B211E474DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="90A07B84F41B36E4E5493C74CB4A05E5">Wilson, E. O.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="40C321663FC93EC16D499287736152C7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:originInfo id="D1144FA8A09CD0EE3E0F7483DD901407">
|
|
<mods:dateIssued id="3863BF9809A36ABDD8F82A4F252FCF57">2003</mods:dateIssued>
|
|
<mods:publisher id="A5520D98663F6B686C0AF870B923EC40">Harvard University Press</mods:publisher>
|
|
<mods:place id="80E52401CC7068E4AD0BE743C07E6F7E">
|
|
<mods:placeTerm id="2BF3792768F1F710FBEEAF7A3D45F8A7">Cambridge, MA, USA</mods:placeTerm>
|
|
</mods:place>
|
|
</mods:originInfo>
|
|
<mods:location id="4676A9A17A667A5458AF9B9514C7D2B4">
|
|
<mods:url id="7BE24F0A5719E80068E7B939EF15857D">http://atbi.biosci.ohio-state.edu/HymOnline/reference-full.html?id=20017</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="4402F2D7A712881341B66890B1915B61">book</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="C3FAA3FFB27EE536EAC7332032A5BB80" type="HNS-Pub">20017</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="CE3C1E6B03002F8C5D3C917CB6004503" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6275663" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119886" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6275663" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CE3C1E6B03002F8C5D3C917CB6004503" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CE3C1E6B03002F8C5D3C917CB6004503" lastPageNumber="165" pageNumber="165">
|
|
<subSubSection id="4D5B46EAA15918FE9F3139F34E532224" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="04A53FDEA384CAEC1674BED15B1B63B9" pageNumber="165">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4E2F31D2A6E597E74A62F6EA0ED68EA0" ID-CoL="4FY6W" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" authority="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">Pheidole alfaroi Emery</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="4295DE7BBAF83EEAB953F526C5F3643E" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="6A750BFFE9A7EF9C2C5394CED383C6F3" pageNumber="165">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FAA58299B2952339AA2000C91D71E3B0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" authority="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">Pheidole alfaroi Emery</taxonomicName>
|
|
1896g: 70. Syn.:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D435FD9C427DBB156269B6B3713931B9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" authority="Menozzi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">Pheidole innupta Menozzi</taxonomicName>
|
|
1931d: 200,
|
|
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C131B0EA6F8A15D32A52C6DFBA28197E">n. syn.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
|
(provisional, see Diagnosis and Color below).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="A72543BCC3B60C3063405238821C53A3" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="A86C61DD1E31067C64E2870965CB5127" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Types Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova. (Types of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D39443FB4C49BB4C3819DA965893DB1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" authority="Menozzi" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta Menozzi</taxonomicName>
|
|
are in the Institute di Entomologia "Guido Grandi.")
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0D6FD1FB7E406B410B9A96073B9C6CFF" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="54343AB14EEC2258CBB1B7212105447A" pageNumber="165">Etymology Eponymous.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="564E2B4E2FFADE00056F1157A9DFF1EF" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="943EFE32BAFD5ABE5F0484AAA231806B" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Diagnosis A member of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="212787C18264A2E3ADCB0BD9144F1C3A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33712" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole diligens (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diligens">diligens</taxonomicName>
|
|
group closest to the Costa Rican
|
|
<taxonomicName id="87726051CFFC2C7CB3304D63E1BA970C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33709" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="20520" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole diana Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diana">P. diana</taxonomicName>
|
|
but distinguished from it and other members of the group by the following combination of traits.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6438CC81427297E824E1B371978A7D3B" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="F272A4F112DA8016593C8B9F674F4D3C" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Major: in side view propodeal spine reduced to a denticle (but in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FEEBDE610B3C0D5E3103EFAA6D87A22A" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
syntype reduced to an obtuse angle; see illustration); in dorsal-oblique view, promesonotum weakly bilobate and humerus subangulate; promesonotal dorsum and all of propodeum "striped" with parallel carinulae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FDF8932F77233C0817577806AE8C627B" pageNumber="165">Minor: circular carinulae around antennal fossae reach all the way to the eye and are succeeded by other circular, "wraparound" carinulae that continue to the sides of the head; most of promesonotal dorsum and all of propodeum carinulate.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3BEEAF3C9732076C30F0F953730943DB" pageNumber="165">
|
|
The types of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="61699F3B60B6EAC213A4CDB9ECF53525" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C443A4559249688E9F256B284E0E7F84" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
are virtually identical except for color (see below) and possibly a small difference in the propodeal angle (see illustration), and I have interpreted them as no more than color forms of the same species in the upland area around La Palma and Vara Blanca. Longino (1997) considers them sibling species, noting that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E66AD42666D89AFD0104777B8DFAFB7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
is "always black and nests under epiphytes," whereas the types of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="834FD5BA6D32851AA6344B6FB542987B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
are light colored and were found in rotting wood. If subsequent field research upholds these differences, Longino's interpretation is probably correct, and the nomenclature can be easily adjusted. Series from upland Panama and Colombia placed by me in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2D60ED4D55DA0132772555B6116AFF14" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
are intermediate in color: light to medium reddish brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FBF1A6A6B1899FC346118E9D5872C2FD" pageNumber="165">Measurements (mm) Lectotype major ofalfaroi: HW 1.42, HL 1.52, SL 1.04, EL 0.20, PW 0.74.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FB275024F7F1C5ABF9D78DD0476D91C0" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Lectotype major of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8E8F36E55707CF188A6692F5E9FC77E9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
: HW 1.44, HL 1.46, SL 1.06, EL 0.22, PW 0.72.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="977D152C16BC21797E5B521D476AE028" pageNumber="165">Paralectotype minor ofalfaroi: HW 0.62, HL 0.74, SL 0.86, EL 0.12, PW 0.44.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="302D2D3199B6CC0751E7152CC944D189" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Paralectotype minor of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4ABF1504410A7FB9FF73317C4817DE1" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
: HW 0.62, HL 0.78, SL 0.92, EL 0.12, PW 0.44.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="127C5A9BD120296126A01E0CCE23714F" pageNumber="165">
|
|
color Major of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="980E4EDBE13C5193FFD2897EC463F3EC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
: concolorous light reddish yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BCEAB6E6C8867458A74A6913B55B6E99" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Major of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9BAC2663E7BBC0A5A6CAC9790C3EE3F6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
: body medium brown, appendages light brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="16BB35ED180BBE05019AC418AE08CE75" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Minor of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E0C7F0A1F2E82FA0B8440EB5EEB9F49B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
: concolorous clear yellow.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="E212F605FEEC0DE9FD99E7EB8812045E" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Minor of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B36D315D0AAE87F6F5FD618EFADA06A8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
: medium brown, appendages light brown.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="280A475D3EAF3D6D19EF49F603A0FC02" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="1F091B47AF3B222794DD35290C04335D" pageNumber="165">Range Uplands of Costa Rica (1000-1600 m), Panama (El Volcan Chiriqui, 1150 m), and Colombia (Mosquera, Cundinamarca, 1800-2000 m).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="15C60C627756BC66393866E5C1872C04" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="33F7CCE0A5B0AEBEE2CB9E9A3ADE13AF" pageNumber="165">
|
|
biology Inhabits moist forest. In Costa Rica, nests under epiphytes ("
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA81F3208492BE976057063E54C331BC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
"); in Colombia, under rocks. Obviously, many more nest site data are needed to establish the preferred nest sites of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7E18A65805D9C8563D79C5072F4FD089" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
and possible sibling species. Males and winged queens were found at EI Volcan Chiriqui, Panama, on 24 June and a male near Mosquera, Colombia, on 30 June.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="96A207A35BF1523005C8F70DF4DE75F9" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph id="2C5D387108D6AE98DA3F0AC953697C10" pageNumber="165">
|
|
Figure Upper: major. Lower: minor. COSTA RICA: Vara Blanca (lectotype and paralectotype of junior synonym
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2BCD1F5CEC15DF5571EEC580516E5AC5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33802" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="569" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole innupta Menozzi" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innupta">P. innupta</taxonomicName>
|
|
Menozzi). The type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="69634C6118D5AA41DEE56F8C675C33E4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" authority="Emery" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi Emery</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the senior synonym, is La Palma, near Bajo la Hondura, Costa Rica, 1500 m. The second, upper outline of the major propodeum is of the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3DF79D7F7CE2909EB06BE98B067E7226" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33576" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole alfaroi Emery" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alfaroi">alfaroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
lectotype major. Scale bars = 1 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |