305 lines
32 KiB
XML
305 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="99E659F8A7D37E1757D7F509DB81BA7B" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1." ID-CLB-Dataset="274475" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99249a81-fbb8-40be-8684-679b248a904c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="257322" ID-ZooBank="22D15539-E49E-4D6C-BFCF-D4DBC72BA640" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1464329791316" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane" docDate="2016" docId="967487E2FFA1FFA7FF4D9BDCFECDFC15" docLanguage="en" docName="data.B57F45E4F79E756521D0FF93724F43E0.cached" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4116 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Neoephydra caesia Wulp" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="6A4DFF9AFF90FF93FFDA9E08FD10FFDD" masterDocTitle="Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698630573745" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="71ED4EC08D243DC4F6DD94980C37AE2B">
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<mods:title id="DF338616444D3F8FBDB2F46F4A232B67">Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9DBDDF56C38EB10E172188AC56BEC8EF">Mathis, Wayne N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9947B1FD099F85DBC43EB840E2F46A2F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B29E5887DA997B9EF7A4395B28CA1B22">Marinoni, Luciane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="637C40E79DB2DDB4B00CBD098942ACB9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2C560CBFA086A4B6159741C6564E8055">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2A97CF51F4347EEBA6617F466412A164">
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<mods:date id="B110C6B6008E8015FEBBC245654A3DCD">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F9F0B312358F900DA8E359607FA77690">4116</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="86A4AF9780D403A561983AD9F9F5F3AF" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="967487E2FFA1FFA7FF4D9BDCFECDFC15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6059425" ID-GBIF-Taxon="120731698" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6059425" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:967487E2FFA1FFA7FF4D9BDCFECDFC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/967487E2FFA1FFA7FF4D9BDCFECDFC15" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="56C7657FFFA1FFA2FF4D9BDCFF18FA33" box="[151,520,1492,1518]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA1FFA2FF4D9BDCFF18FA33" blockId="49.[151,520,1492,1552]" box="[151,520,1492,1518]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="452A8198FFA1FFA2FF4D9BDCFF18FA33" bold="true" box="[151,520,1492,1518]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FF4D9BDCFF18FA33" bold="true" box="[151,520,1492,1518]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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14.
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA1FFA2FF199BDCFF18FA33" authority="Wulp" authorityName="Wulp" box="[195,520,1492,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FF199BDCFCB7FA33" bold="true" box="[195,423,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Neoephydra caesia</emphasis>
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(Wulp)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56C7657FFFA1FFA2FF4D9BFFFC6FF9D2" box="[151,383,1527,1552]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA1FFA2FF4D9BFFFC6FF9D2" blockId="49.[151,520,1492,1552]" box="[151,383,1527,1552]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<figureCitation id="86E62A71FFA1FFA2FF4D9BFFFC0EF9CD" box="[151,286,1527,1552]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 – 71" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[281,1284,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[266,1295,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 69 – 71. Structures of male terminalia of Neoephydra caesia (Wulp). (69) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (70) same, lateral view; (71) surstylus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257342/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs. 69–71</figureCitation>
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, Map 14
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="56C7657FFFA1FFA2FF4D9837FE1DF96C" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA1FFA2FF4D9837FCC9F988" blockId="49.[151,1435,1599,1713]" box="[151,473,1599,1621]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="3ECD11DAFFA1FFA2FF4D9837FCC9F988" box="[151,473,1599,1621]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA1FFA2FF4D9837FCC5F988" ID-CoL="8C2D3" authority="Wulp 1883: 58" authorityName="Wulp" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,469,1599,1621]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FF4D9837FC25F988" box="[151,309,1599,1621]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Ephydra caesia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FFA1FFA2FEE19837FCC5F988" author="Wulp" box="[315,469,1599,1621]" page="58" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1883">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA1FFA2FEE19837FCBFF988" author="Wulp" box="[315,431,1599,1621]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Wulp, F. M. van der (1883) Amerikaansche Diptera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 26, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1883">Wulp 1883</bibRefCitation>
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: 58
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA1FFA2FF4D9857FE1DF96C" blockId="49.[151,1435,1599,1713]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="3ECD11DAFFA1FFA2FF4D9857FE1DF96C" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA1FFA2FF4D9857FC4BF9A9" ID-CoL="6CTXT" box="[151,347,1631,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Dimecoenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FF4D9857FC4BF9A9" box="[151,347,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Dimecoenia caesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FFA1FFA2FEA29855FF2DF9AE" author="Cresson" box="[376,573,1629,1651]" page="104" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1931">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA1FFA2FEA29855FF1BF9AE" author="Cresson" box="[376,523,1629,1651]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Cresson, E. T. Jr. (1931) Ephydridae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 6 (2). British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 85 - 116." type="book chapter" year="1931">Cresson 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 104
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</treatmentCitation>
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[generic combination; review]; 1935: 352 [review].—
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FFA1FFA2FBAA9855F803F9AE" author="Wirth" box="[1136,1299,1629,1651]" page="23" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1968">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA1FFA2FBAA9855F9FDF9AE" author="Wirth" box="[1136,1261,1629,1651]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Wirth, W. W. (1968) 77. Family Ephydridae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, Sao Paulo, pp. 1 - 43." type="book chapter" year="1968">Wirth 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 23
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</treatmentCitation>
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[Neotropical catalog].—Lizarralde de
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FFA1FFA2FE1E9874FF7BF94F" author="Grosso" box="[452,619,1660,1682]" page="58" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1989">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA1FFA2FE1E9874FF58F94F" author="Grosso" box="[452,584,1660,1682]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Lizarralde de Grosso, M. S. (1989) Ephydridae de la Republica de Argentina (Insecta - Diptera). Serie Monografica y Didactica No. 3. Faculdad de Ciencias Naturales y Instituto Miguel Lillo Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucuman, 93 pp." type="book" year="1989">Grosso 1989</bibRefCitation>
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: 58
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</treatmentCitation>
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[list,
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<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA1FFA2FD7C9874FE1EF94F" box="[678,782,1660,1682]" name="Argentina" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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].—
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FFA1FFA2FCE89874F981F94F" author="Mathis" box="[818,1169,1660,1682]" page="238" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA1FFA2FCE89874F971F94F" author="Mathis" box="[818,1121,1660,1682]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Mathis, W. N. & Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International, 4, i - vi + 1 - 423." type="journal article" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 238
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</treatmentCitation>
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–239 [world catalog].
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA1FFA2FF4D9893FC4AF96C" box="[151,346,1691,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FF4D9893FC4AF96C" box="[151,346,1691,1713]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Neoephydra caesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="9F7C10E5FFA1FFA2FEAD9893FF0FF96C" author="Mathis" box="[375,543,1691,1713]" page="10" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2008">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA1FFA2FEAD9893FCECF96C" author="Mathis" box="[375,508,1691,1713]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Mathis, W. N. (2008) Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae). Zootaxa, 1874, 1 - 15." type="journal article" year="2008">Mathis 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 10
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</treatmentCitation>
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[generic combination].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56C7657FFFA1FFA0FF4D98D5FFE4FCE5" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA1FFA2FF4D98D5F9D2F8BF" blockId="49.[151,1436,1757,2034]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FF4D98D5FC01F92B" bold="true" box="[151,273,1757,1782]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA1FFA2FE1298D7FF27F92B" box="[456,567,1759,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FE1298D7FF27F92B" box="[456,567,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">N. caesia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from similar congeners of the
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA1FFA2FB5F98D7F9E5F92B" box="[1157,1269,1759,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="araucaria">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FB5F98D7F9E5F92B" box="[1157,1269,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">araucaria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group by the following characters: appearance generally pale, particularly the legs; face moderately setose; gena moderately high; and structures of male terminalia with distinctive conformation. Moderately large to large shore flies, body length
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<quantity id="D9259B11FFA1FFA2FF3E9941FC9AF8BC" box="[228,394,1865,1890]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="4.2">4.20–5.50 mm</quantity>
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; generally dull, grayish brown to gray with some subshiny areas dorsally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA1FFA0FF1D9965FF6DFE9D" blockId="49.[151,1436,1757,2034]" lastBlockId="51.[151,1437,151,1005]" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA1FFA2FF1D9965FC1DF85B" box="[199,269,1901,1926]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Head:</emphasis>
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Head ratio 0.65–0.68; frontal ratio 0.52–0.55; mesofrons with dark, blackish blue, metallic luster; ocellar triangle and parafrons nearly concolorous, microtomentose, brownish gray to charcoal gray; parafrons becoming more charcoal colored anteriorly; fronto-orbits with narrow strip through insertions of fronto-orbital setae subshiny, with some faint metallic luster; number of fronto-orbital setae 2. Antenna mostly concolorous, blackish brown. Facial ratio 0.86; mostly moderately setulose particularly along oral margin and toward posteroventral portions of face; dorsum of interfoveal hump with subshiny area more or less concolorous with mesofrons, otherwise face densely microtomentose, yellowish to palely brownish gray, gradually paler ventrally. Eye ratio 0.89–0.92; gena-to-eye ratio 0.39–0.41; gena moderately high, coloration gray to whitish gray but with faint tinges of olivaceous green posteriorly.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4AA2667CFFA2FFA1FF4D99A6FFB0F83E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257342/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[281,1284,209,1898]" targetPageId="50">
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA2FFA1FF4D99A6FFB0F83E" blockId="50.[151,1436,1966,2019]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA2FFA1FF4D99A6FC44F819" bold="true" box="[151,340,1966,1989]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">FIGURES 69–71.</emphasis>
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Structures of male terminalia of
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA2FFA1FD7E99A7FEA9F818" authority="Wulp" authorityName="Wulp" box="[676,953,1967,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA2FFA1FD7E99A7FE77F818" box="[676,871,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Neoephydra caesia</emphasis>
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(Wulp)
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</taxonomicName>
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. (69) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (70) same, lateral view; (71) surstylus, lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA3FFA0FF1D9F44FE88FDE0" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
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<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA3FFA0FF1D9F44FC31FEB8" box="[199,289,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Thorax:</emphasis>
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Mostly microtomentose; mesonotum mostly blackish blue, darker and subshinier posteriorly; anterior margin more microtomentose, especially postpronotum, gray to bluish gray; pleural areas paler, more gray to grayish white ventrally; anepisternum with dorsal and posterior margins faintly brownish, otherwise faintly bluish gray; other pleural areas including coxae mostly whitish gray, concolorous. Wing length averaging
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<quantity id="D9259B11FFA3FFA0FB2B9FBFF888FE12" box="[1265,1432,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.125" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.95" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.125" valueMax="4.3" valueMin="3.95">3.95–4.30 mm</quantity>
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; mostly very faintly infuscate, palely grayish brown; costal vein ratio 0.25–0.29; M vein ratio 0.75–0.79. Legs generally pale colored; femora mostly bare, reddish yellow, hindfemur thinly microtomentose, faintly bluish to olivaceous gray; tibiae and tarsi mostly concolorous, reddish yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA3FFA0FF1D9C4FFFE4FCE5" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA3FFA0FF1D9C4FFC2AFDBD" box="[199,314,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Abdomen:</emphasis>
|
||
Generally microtomentose and unicolorous, grayish olivaceous green to gray, becoming paler toward lateral margins, some specimens with faint bluish tinges of metallic luster; ventral surface of tergites frequently whitish gray. Tergite 5 of male somewhat trapezoidal, truncate apically.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA3FFA0FB9B9C87F96BFD75" box="[1089,1147,655,680]" name="Malta" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Male</collectingCountry>
|
||
terminalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="86E62A71FFA3FFA0FADF9C87F881FD75" box="[1285,1425,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 69 – 71" captionStartId="50.[151,264,1966,1989]" captionTargetBox="[281,1284,209,1898]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[266,1295,193,1909]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURES 69 – 71. Structures of male terminalia of Neoephydra caesia (Wulp). (69) epandrium, cerci, surstyli, posterior view; (70) same, lateral view; (71) surstylus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/257342/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Figs. 69–71</figureCitation>
|
||
): margins of epandrium in posterior view narrowed below level of cerci, rounded dorsally; surstyli in posterior view roughly forming isosceles triangle, longer than wide; surstylus in lateral view with posterior process tapered gradually to narrowly rounded apex; lateral process less than 1/2 length of posterior process, more or less parallel sided, narrow, with medioapical patch of long setulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56C7657FFFA3FFA7FF1D9D4CFF1BFF09" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA3FFA0FF1D9D4CF9FFFC15" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA3FFA0FF1D9D4CFC65FC80" bold="true" box="[199,373,836,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA3FFA0FF1D9D4CFC12FC80" box="[199,258,836,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA3FFA0FE759D4DFF18FC80" box="[431,520,837,861]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA3FFA0FDB69D4CFE70FC80" authority="Wulp" authorityName="Wulp" box="[620,864,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA3FFA0FDB69D4CFE0BFC81" box="[620,795,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Ephydra caesia</emphasis>
|
||
Wulp
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
here designated is labeled “Carhue, Buenos Aires/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA3FFA0FF4D9D6FFC16FC5D" box="[151,262,871,896]" name="Argentina" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
<date id="6A631034FFA3FFA0FECB9D60FCB6FC5D" box="[273,422,871,896]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1920-12-16">Dec 16 1920</date>
|
||
/A Wetmore Collector/Ƌ/
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA3FFA0FD139D6FFE5CFC5D" box="[713,844,871,896]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="neotype">NEOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
Ƌ
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA3FFA0FCAC9D6FF9DDFC5D" authority="van der Wulp" authorityName="van der Wulp" box="[886,1229,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">Ephydra caesia van der Wulp</taxonomicName>
|
||
by W. N. Mathis
|
||
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FFA3FFA0FF4D9D84FDF8FC79" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,908,932]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
[red].” The
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA3FFA0FEAB9D85FCDAFC78" box="[369,458,909,933]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is double mounted (glued to a paper point), is in good condition, and is deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FFA3FFA0FF4D9DB8FDFCFC15" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,236,944,968]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
. Nineteen paraneotypes (
|
||
<specimenCount id="08DBFD7DFFA3FFA0FDDF9DB8FF29FC15" box="[517,569,944,968]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="generic">10♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 9♀;
|
||
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FFA3FFA0FDAD9DB8FFDAFC15" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[631,714,944,968]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
) bear the same locality label data as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA3FFA0FB549DB8F9FAFC15" box="[1166,1258,944,968]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA3FFA0FF1D9DDCFED9FC30" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,969,980,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA3FFA0FF1D9DDCFC75FC30" bold="true" box="[199,357,980,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA3FFA0FF1D9DDCFC12FC30" box="[199,258,980,1005]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA3FFA0FEB69DDCFCCFFC30" box="[364,479,980,1005]" name="Argentina" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Buenos Aires: Carhué (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FFA3FFA0FD2B9DDCFE5AFC31" box="[753,842,980,1004]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-37.183334">37°11'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FFA3FFA0FC8C9DDCFEADFC30" box="[854,957,980,1005]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" precision="925" value="-62.733334">62°44'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA3FFA0FF4D99DEFFFBF831" blockId="51.[151,747,2006,2028]" box="[151,747,2006,2028]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA3FFA0FF4D99DEFDE6F836" bold="true" box="[151,246,2006,2027]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">MAP 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution map for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA3FFA0FE0999DEFFF7F831" authority="Wulp" authorityName="Wulp" box="[467,743,2006,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA3FFA0FE0999DEFF86F831" box="[467,662,2006,2028]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Neoephydra caesia</emphasis>
|
||
(Wulp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA4FFA7FF1D9E9FFF1BFF09" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA4FFA7FF1D9E9FFF5AFF6D" bold="true" box="[199,586,151,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Additional specimens examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA4FFA7FD889E90FE77FF6D" box="[594,871,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA4FFA7FD889E90FFFDFF72" box="[594,749,152,175]" name="Argentina" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Mendoza:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Río Desaguadero (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FFA4FFA7FB999E9FF98EFF6D" box="[1091,1182,151,176]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-33.416668">33°25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7BE95033FFA4FFA7FB719E9FF81FFF6D" box="[1195,1295,151,176]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" precision="925" value="-67.183334">67°11'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<date id="6A631034FFA4FFA7FAFF9E90F888FF6D" box="[1317,1432,152,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1972-11">Nov 1972</date>
|
||
, M. L. de Grosso (
|
||
<specimenCount id="08DBFD7DFFA4FFA7FE879EB4FC93FF09" box="[349,387,188,212]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, 9♀;
|
||
<collectionCode id="78CCAE31FFA4FFA7FE1B9EB4FF10FF09" box="[449,512,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/sggj-9jsz" name="Fundacion Miguel Lillo" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">FML</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56C7657FFFA4FFA7FF1D9ED7F91BFF25" box="[199,1035,223,248]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA4FFA7FF1D9ED7F91BFF25" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[199,1035,223,248]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA4FFA7FF1D9ED7FC49FF25" bold="true" box="[199,345,223,248]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(Map 14).
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA4FFA7FE0D9ED7FF75FF25" box="[471,613,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Neotropical:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA4FFA7FDB69ED7FFCBFF25" box="[620,731,223,248]" name="Argentina" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Buenos Aires, Mendoza).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="56C7657FFFA4FFA7FF1D9F0CFECDFC15" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA4FFA7FF1D9F0CF97DFE55" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA4FFA7FF1D9F0CFC2BFEC0" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Van der Wulp described this species from a single female specimen, which is automatically the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FF4D9F2FFDECFE9D" box="[151,252,295,320]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but he also studied a topotypical male. That male, according to van der Wulp, was a paler
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA4FFA7FADF9F21F843FE9D" box="[1285,1363,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">variety</emphasis>
|
||
of the species, being smaller, more metallic green, and with legs that are entirely brownish yellow. Because van der Wulp accorded this specimen varietal status, it cannot be considered as part of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FC349F78F90EFE55" box="[1006,1054,368,392]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA4FFA7FF1D9F9DFC1BFDE0" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
In the original description, van der Wulp stated that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FC9D9F9CFEB9FE70" box="[839,937,404,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA4FFA7FBA89F9CF9F1FE70" box="[1138,1249,404,429]" name="Argentina" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Professor H. Weyenbergh, Jr. The unique specimen was apparently returned to Professor Weyenbergh in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA4FFA7FB359FBFF871FE0D" box="[1263,1377,439,464]" name="Argentina" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA4FFA7FEF29FD5FF72FE29" author="Horn" box="[296,610,476,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Horn, W. & Kahle, I. (1937) Uber entomologische Sammlungen, Entomologen und Entomo-Museologie. Entomologische Beihefte aus Berlin-Dahlem, 4, 297 - 536." type="journal article" year="1937">Horn and Kahle (1937: 301)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
all of Weyenbergh's collection was destroyed. Other
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FB699FD4F830FE28" box="[1203,1312,476,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
apparently suffered a similar fate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A4C4B05FFA4FFA7FE749FF7FF8FFDC5" author="Thompson" box="[430,671,511,536]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Thompson, F. C. (1974) The genus Pterallastes Loew (Diptera: Syrphidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 82 (1), 15 - 29." type="journal article" year="1974">Thompson 1974: 28</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Thus, it seems likely that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FBC59FF7F991FDC5" box="[1055,1153,511,536]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA4FFA7FB6A9FF7F875FDC5" box="[1200,1381,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">
|
||
<emphasis id="2CA9EAE6FFA4FFA7FB6A9FF7F875FDC5" box="[1200,1381,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Ephydra caesia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was destroyed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA4FFA7FF1D9C4FFDEEFC5D" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
When we began this study, we requested the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FD2B9C4FFE43FDBD" box="[753,851,583,608]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
from the Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Amsterdam, through Dr. Theowald van Leeuwen. We were sent a “
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FC539C64FEF4FD59" box="[905,996,620,644]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
” which was missing its abdomen. This specimen cannot be a
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FE549C98FCF8FD75" box="[398,488,656,680]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
, as already noted, and although we cannot determine the sex of the specimen, it does match the brief description of the male “variety,” especially in the coloration of the legs, which are entirely brownish yellow rather than red to dark brown, the leg color of the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FC259CDFF975FD2D" box="[1023,1125,727,752]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The specimen does bear a handwritten label, which reads “Argenta Weyenb[ergh] [handwritten, pale yellow]/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9DD4D77FFA4FFA7FB9E9CF4F9E4FCC8" box="[1092,1268,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Ephydra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caesia">Ephydra caesia</taxonomicName>
|
||
[handwritten]/
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FF4D9D28FC05FCE5" box="[151,277,800,824]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
[red with black border near margin].” Based on this evidence, we believe this specimen is the topotypical male variety that van der Wulp mentioned in the original description. It has no nomenclatural status, however.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1E6236F4FFA4FFA7FF1D9D84FECDFC15" blockId="52.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="66CA7664FFA4FFA7FF1D9D84FDF6FC79" box="[199,230,908,932]" name="American Samoa" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
no
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FEC09D84FC6CFC78" box="[282,380,908,933]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is apparently extant and as the so-called male variety is neither identifiable nor has any nomenclatural status, we have designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FD5B9DB8FFCAFC15" box="[641,730,944,968]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(see “
|
||
<typeStatus id="C1668856FFA4FFA7FCC59DB8FE49FC15" box="[799,857,944,968]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
Material”).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |