303 lines
37 KiB
XML
303 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="028DF4AA7CBE52B795DBF3D640DE8118" ID-CLB-Dataset="27726" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4539.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7c7a589-9f74-4546-9a7b-c3192b9659e5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2615911" ID-ZooBank="2C72727B-79C5-407F-BD92-B12F98196800" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553789058718" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2018" docId="193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4539.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4539 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Calliderma emma Gray 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="E50EFFD8FFE2FF9FF45CFFC04464CA17" masterDocTitle="New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="116" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698715174966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E969DD178DDB30C276A3029328165B5F">New genera, species and occurrence records of Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Echinodermata) from the Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8E92F8224979D04CFA21FA19A81C76B0">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E14C6403645E87DC75EADC087687CAF3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8A6432E7DE5D9B4DE16D0E8C52F36D3A">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5990717" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154521913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5990717" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFFEFF83F4CBFEAF459BCB9D" box="[151,511,367,394]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF459BCB9D" blockId="28.[151,511,367,427]" box="[151,511,367,394]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="CA6981DAFFFEFF83F4CBFEAF459BCB9D" bold="true" box="[151,511,367,394]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF459BCB9D" ID-CoL="PNXW" authority="Gray, 1847" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,511,367,394]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emma">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF459BCB9D" bold="true" box="[151,511,367,394]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF450ACB9E" bold="true" box="[151,366,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma emma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F52AFEB0459BCB9D" author="Gray, J. E." box="[374,511,368,394]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref70559" refString="Gray, J. E. (1847) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 72 - 82 [also in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 193 - 204]" type="journal article" year="1847">Gray, 1847</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFFEFF83F4CBFE52414CC839" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F4CBFE52454BCBBC" blockId="28.[151,511,367,427]" box="[151,303,402,427]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFFEFF83F4CBFE524491CBBC" box="[151,245,402,427]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,352,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[162,1424,321,1835]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 9. Calliderma emma Specimen IE-2007-3987. R=7.4, r=2.5 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 cm. B. Closeup of spines on radial regions. Scale bar=1.0 cm. C. Spination, ornamentation on superomarginal plates. Scale bar=1.0 cm. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 cm. E. Closeup of actinal surface, furrow spines, adambulacral region. Scale bar=1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615940/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figure 9</figureCitation>
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A–E
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F4CBFE1A417BCBE7" blockId="28.[151,1320,474,558]" box="[151,1311,474,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F4CBFE1A4562CBE7" author="Gray, J. E." box="[151,262,474,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref70559" refString="Gray, J. E. (1847) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 72 - 82 [also in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 193 - 204]" type="journal article" year="1847">Gray 1847</bibRefCitation>
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: 193; 1866: 6, pl. 15;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F5BFFE1A4601CBE7" author="Perrier, E." box="[483,613,474,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 431" refId="ref73733" refString="Perrier, E. (1894) Stellerides. Expedition Scientifique Travailleur-Talismann, 3, 1 - 431." type="journal article" year="1894">Perrier 1894</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 337;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F6FEFE1A4702CBE7" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[674,870,474,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref71887" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp, 23 pls." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 93;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F7CAFE1A4064CBE7" author="Mah, C. L." box="[918,1024,474,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref72184" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) New species, corallivory, in situ video observations and overview of the Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) in the Hawaiian Region. Zootaxa, 3926 (2), 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3926.2.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah 2015</bibRefCitation>
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: 221. (as
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F03DFE1A4173CBE7" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[1121,1303,474,496]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emma">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F03DFE1A4173CBE7" box="[1121,1303,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma emma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F4CBFE394729C818" blockId="28.[151,1320,474,558]" box="[151,845,505,527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F4CBFE39457CC818" author="Perrier, E." box="[151,280,505,527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="265 - 450" refId="ref73600" refString="Perrier, E. (1875) Revision de la Stellerides du Museum d'Historie Naturelle de Paris. Archives du Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 4, 265 - 450." type="journal article" year="1875">Perrier 1875</bibRefCitation>
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: 226 (1876: 41) [as
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F5BFFE3A4727C818" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1847" box="[483,835,505,527]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pentagonaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emma" subGenus="Calliderma">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F5BFFE3A4727C818" box="[483,835,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pentagonaster (Calliderma) emma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F4CBFDD8414CC839" blockId="28.[151,1320,474,558]" box="[151,1320,536,558]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F4CBFDD84576C839" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[151,274,536,558]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref70129" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 1058;
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F501FDD8463CC839" author="Chave, E. H. & Malahoff, A." box="[349,600,536,558]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref68850" refString="Chave, E. H. & Malahoff, A. (1998) In Deeper Waters: photographic studies of Hawaiian deep-sea habitats and life forms. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 127 pp." type="book" year="1998">Chave & Malahoff 1998</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 86;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F6D2FDD84736C839" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[654,850,536,558]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref71887" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp, 23 pls." type="book" year="1995">Liao & Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 93; Mah 1998: 67 (as
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F067FDD84144C839" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[1083,1312,536,558]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F067FDD84144C839" box="[1083,1312,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma spectabilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D984653DFFFEFF83F4CBFD9A413CC914" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F4CBFD9A413CC914" blockId="28.[151,1437,602,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F4CBFD9A4575C864" bold="true" box="[151,273,602,627]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Body stellate (R/r=2.0–2.5), disk broad, arms triangular, tapering abruptly to tip, interradial arcs broadly curved. Abactinal surface covered by coarse granules, large conical spines present over radial regions, absent interradially. Marginal plates wide, forming distinctly angular abactinal-lateral and actinal-lateral edges with relatively flattened lateral edge. Actinal surface covered by granules, most plates with prominent conical spines approximately one per plate. Furrow spines
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<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F6B3FD2A4712C914" box="[751,886,746,771]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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specimens,
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Hawaiian specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D984653DFFFEFF83F49BFCCE4045CF55" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F49BFCCE4581C9A0" blockId="28.[151,1437,602,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F49BFCCE452BC931" bold="true" box="[199,335,782,807]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Comments.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F503FCCE4617C930" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[351,627,782,807]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refId="ref71887" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, Beijing, 614 pp, 23 pls." type="book" year="1995">Liao and Clark (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized that
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F714FCCE4089C930" authority="Fisher 1906" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[840,1261,782,807]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F714FCCE4034C930" box="[840,1104,782,807]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F003FCCE4089C930" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1119,1261,782,807]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref70129" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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differed from
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F4CBFCF24586C95C" authority="Gray 1847" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,482,818,843]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F4CBFCF24506C95C" box="[151,354,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma emma</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F536FCF34586C95C" author="Gray, J. E." box="[362,482,819,843]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref70559" refString="Gray, J. E. (1847) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 72 - 82 [also in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 193 - 204]" type="journal article" year="1847">Gray 1847</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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by a single character, specifically the presence/absence of easily removed spination on the radial regions of the abactinal surface (
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<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFFEFF83F6C5FC964696C978" box="[665,754,854,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,352,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[162,1424,321,1835]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 9. Calliderma emma Specimen IE-2007-3987. R=7.4, r=2.5 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 cm. B. Closeup of spines on radial regions. Scale bar=1.0 cm. C. Spination, ornamentation on superomarginal plates. Scale bar=1.0 cm. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 cm. E. Closeup of actinal surface, furrow spines, adambulacral region. Scale bar=1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615940/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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). Observations of specimens herein and from other localities confirms their conclusion and thus Fisher’s
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F6C4FCBA4049C984" authority="Fisher 1906" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[664,1069,890,915]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F6C4FCBA47FEC984" box="[664,922,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma spectabilis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F7F8FCBA4049C984" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[932,1069,890,915]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref70129" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher 1906</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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is referred to the synonymy of
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<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F4CBFC5E4585C9A0" authority="Gray 1847" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[151,481,926,951]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emma">
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<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F4CBFC5E4504C9A1" box="[151,352,926,951]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma emma</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F53BFC5F4585C9A0" author="Gray, J. E." box="[359,481,927,951]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="193 - 204" refId="ref70559" refString="Gray, J. E. (1847) Descriptions of some new genera and species of Asteriadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 72 - 82 [also in Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 20, 193 - 204]" type="journal article" year="1847">Gray 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F49BFC034664CE98" blockId="28.[151,1437,602,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Occurrence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F520FC024629C9CC" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1847" box="[380,589,962,987]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="emma">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F520FC024629C9CC" box="[380,589,962,987]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma emma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread, from Hawaii to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F787FC0340F4C9CC" box="[987,1168,962,987]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F089FC02413BC9CC" box="[1237,1375,962,987]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F4CBFC26457AC9E8" box="[151,286,998,1023]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimen (IE-2007-3987) is smaller (R=7.4), but mostly consistent with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F00CFC26409FC9E8" author="Fisher, W. K." box="[1104,1275,998,1023]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="987 - 1130" refId="ref70129" refString="Fisher, W. K. (1906) The starfishes of the Hawaiian islands. Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission, 23, 987 - 1130." type="journal article" year="1906">Fisher’s (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F4CBFBCA45F2CE34" authorityName="Fisher" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,406,1034,1059]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Calliderma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spectabilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F4CBFBCA45F2CE34" box="[151,406,1034,1059]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma spectabilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Furrow spines in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F6CEFBCA477DCE34" box="[658,793,1034,1059]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimen number 10 to 13 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09A52A33FFFEFF83F007FBCA40D5CE34" box="[1115,1201,1034,1059]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1839,1861]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,352,1795]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[162,1424,321,1835]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 9. Calliderma emma Specimen IE-2007-3987. R=7.4, r=2.5 cm. A. Abactinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 cm. B. Closeup of spines on radial regions. Scale bar=1.0 cm. C. Spination, ornamentation on superomarginal plates. Scale bar=1.0 cm. D. Actinal surface. Scale bar=2.0 cm. E. Closeup of actinal surface, furrow spines, adambulacral region. Scale bar=1.0 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2615940/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) whereas those from Hawaii number 12 to 15. This specimen also shows an identical number (n=3) of subambulacral spines, two of which are enlarged as per Fisher’s descriptions.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="569E4D35FFFEFF83F691FB944773CE7C" box="[717,791,1108,1131]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Iconaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="situ">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F691FB944773CE7C" box="[717,791,1108,1131]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">In situ</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
observations of
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F781FB924039CE7C" box="[989,1117,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Calliderma</emphasis>
|
||
from the Hawaiian Islands region are found in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F50F4B47FFFEFF83F528FBB64598CE98" author="Mah, C. L." box="[372,508,1142,1167]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="211 - 228" refId="ref72184" refString="Mah, C. L. (2015) New species, corallivory, in situ video observations and overview of the Goniasteridae (Valvatida, Asteroidea) in the Hawaiian Region. Zootaxa, 3926 (2), 211 - 228. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3926.2.3" type="journal article" year="2015">Mah (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F4CBFB5B47F1CEEC" blockId="28.[151,1437,602,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
One morphological character difference in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F6F7FB5A4756CEA4" box="[683,818,1178,1203]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimen is the presence of blunt, cone-like tubercles rather than the sharp spines observed in the Pacific individuals. This appears likely size related but further specimens may demonstrate this as a character of a separate species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F49BFAC64045CF55" blockId="28.[151,1437,602,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F49BFAC64537CF08" bold="true" box="[199,339,1286,1311]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
. Hawaiian Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F613FAC646F6CF08" box="[591,658,1286,1311]" name="China" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F0CBFAC64164CF08" box="[1175,1280,1286,1311]" name="Australia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Timor Sea,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F4CBFAEA457CCF54" box="[151,280,1322,1347]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F57FFAEB45B7CF54" box="[291,467,1322,1347]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, east coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F62CFAEA4766CF54" box="[624,770,1322,1347]" name="South Africa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F752FAEA47F3CF54" box="[782,919,1322,1347]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFFEFF83F7FEFAEB4045CF55" box="[930,1057,1323,1347]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" metricValueMax="4.07" metricValueMin="1.38" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="272.5" valueMax="407.0" valueMin="138.0">138–407 m</quantity>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D984653DFFFEFF83F49BFA8E4738CC74" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="912136B6FFFEFF83F49BFA8E4738CC74" blockId="28.[151,1437,602,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F49BFA8E463BCF70" bold="true" box="[199,607,1358,1383]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
Material Examined.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFFEFF83F59AFA8E463BCF70" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121244210" box="[454,607,1358,1383]" collectionCode="IE" collectorName="Col. Atimo Vatae CP" country="Madagascar" elevation="207" latitude="-25.466667" location="Southeast Pointe Barrow" longLatPrecision="1246" longitude="44.416668" municipality="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="IE-2007-3987" specimenCount="210">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F59AFA8E463ECF70" box="[454,602,1358,1383]" name="Madagascar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1389ECDFFFEFF83F636FA8F4763CF70" box="[618,775,1359,1383]" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IE-2007-3987</specimenCode>
|
||
<location id="9441606DFFFEFF83F74EFA8E4056CF71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74:9441606DFFFEFF83F74EFA8E4056CF71" box="[786,1074,1358,1383]" country="Madagascar" latitude="-25.466667" longLatPrecision="1246" longitude="44.416668" municipality="Madagascar" name="Southeast Pointe Barrow" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Southeast Pointe Barrow</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7145ACCCFFFEFF83F01EFA8E40ADCF70" box="[1090,1225,1358,1383]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madagascar</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFFEFF83F089FA8E414BCF70" box="[1237,1327,1358,1383]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-25.466667">25°28’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFFEFF83F166FA8E41F3CF70" box="[1338,1431,1358,1383]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="44.416668">44°25’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFFEFF83F4CBFAB3457ECF9D" box="[151,282,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.065" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.03" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="206.5" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="203.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFFEFF83F4CBFAB3457ECF9D" box="[151,282,1395,1419]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.065" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="2.03" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="206.5" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="203.0">
|
||
203–
|
||
<specimenCount id="8798FD3FFFFEFF83F492FAB3457ECF9D" box="[206,282,1395,1419]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">210 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFFEFF83F579FAB24670CF9C" box="[293,532,1394,1419]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Col. Atimo Vatae CP</collectorName>
|
||
3584, 1 wet spec. R=7.4, r=2.5;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFFEFF83F7D5FAB245C1CFC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121241769" collectingDate="1993-03-19" collectionCode="IE" collectorName="Coll. P. Bouchet" country="New Caledonia" elevation="321" latitude="-21.716667" location="Richer de Forges" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="166.59517" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="IE-2013-6905" specimenCount="327">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F7D5FAB2405ACF9C" bold="true" box="[905,1086,1394,1419]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F7D5FAB2405ACF9C" box="[905,1086,1394,1419]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1389ECDFFFEFF83F011FAB24089CF9C" box="[1101,1261,1394,1419]" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IE-2013-6905</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFFEFF83F0A5FAB34139CF9C" box="[1273,1373,1395,1419]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="-21.716667">21° 43´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFFEFF83F135FAB24497CFB8" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="166.59517">166° 35.71´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFFEFF83F4A2FA56451BCFB9" box="[254,383,1430,1455]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.27" metricValueMin="3.15" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="321.0" valueMax="327.0" valueMin="315.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFFEFF83F4A2FA56451BCFB9" box="[254,383,1430,1455]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.27" metricValueMin="3.15" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="321.0" valueMax="327.0" valueMin="315.0">
|
||
315–
|
||
<specimenCount id="8798FD3FFFFEFF83F56AFA56451BCFB9" box="[310,383,1430,1455]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">327 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFFEFF83F5D6FA56465ACFB8" box="[394,574,1430,1455]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coll. P. Bouchet</collectorName>
|
||
& B.
|
||
<location id="9441606DFFFEFF83F6DEFA564726CFB8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74:9441606DFFFEFF83F6DEFA564726CFB8" box="[642,834,1430,1455]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-21.716667" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="166.59517" name="Richer de Forges" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Richer de Forges</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="F564E99EFFFEFF83F711FA57479CCFB8" box="[845,1016,1430,1455]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1993-03-19">
|
||
<date id="E5201076FFFEFF83F711FA57479CCFB8" box="[845,1016,1430,1455]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1993-03-19">19 March 1993</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
on N/O ‘Alis’, BATHUS 1, CP711, 1 dry spec. R=11.1, r=5.0
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFFEFF83F5E5FA7A40B3CFE0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121244209" collectingDate="1994-03-19" collectionCode="IE" collectorName="Coll. B. Richer de Forges" country="New Caledonia" elevation="259" latitude="-21.749666" location="New Caledonia" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="166.61366" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="IE-2013-6726" specimenCount="266">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1389ECDFFFEFF83F5E5FA7A463DCFC4" box="[441,601,1466,1491]" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IE-2013-6726</specimenCode>
|
||
, E. coast,
|
||
<location id="9441606DFFFEFF83F690FA7B4719CFC4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74:9441606DFFFEFF83F690FA7B4719CFC4" box="[716,893,1466,1491]" country="New Caledonia" latitude="-21.749666" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="166.61366" name="New Caledonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">New Caledonia</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFFEFF83F7D4FA7B4068CFC4" box="[904,1036,1467,1491]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="-21.749666">21° 44.98´S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4AA5071FFFEFF83F048FA7A40CECFC4" box="[1044,1194,1466,1491]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="9" value="166.61366">166° 36.82´E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFFEFF83F0EAFA7A415DCFC5" box="[1206,1337,1466,1491]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5949999999999998" metricValueMax="2.66" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="259.5" valueMax="266.0" valueMin="253.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFFEFF83F0EAFA7A415DCFC5" box="[1206,1337,1466,1491]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5949999999999998" metricValueMax="2.66" metricValueMin="2.53" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="259.5" valueMax="266.0" valueMin="253.0">
|
||
253–
|
||
<specimenCount id="8798FD3FFFFEFF83F0B2FA7A415DCFC5" box="[1262,1337,1466,1491]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">266 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFFEFF83F118FA7A453DCFE0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coll. B. Richer de Forges</collectorName>
|
||
<collectingDate id="F564E99EFFFEFF83F53DFA1F466BCFE0" box="[353,527,1502,1527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1994-03-19">
|
||
<date id="E5201076FFFEFF83F53DFA1F466BCFE0" box="[353,527,1502,1527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1994-03-19">19 March 1994</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
on N/O 'Alis' HALIPRO 1, CP852, 1 dry spec., R=12.8 r=5.9
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFFEFF83F0BFFA1E4169CC0C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121243063" collectionCode="IE" country="Philippines" elevation="393" location="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="IE- 2013-6725" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F0BFFA1E4114CFE0" bold="true" box="[1251,1392,1502,1527]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F0BFFA1E410FCFE0" box="[1251,1387,1502,1527]" name="Philippines" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1389ECDFFFEFF83F124FA1F4576CC0C" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IE- 2013-6725</specimenCode>
|
||
, Phillipines.
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFFEFF83F5F8F9C34641CC0D" box="[420,549,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" metricValueMax="4.07" metricValueMin="3.79" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="393.0" valueMax="407.0" valueMin="379.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFFEFF83F5F8F9C34641CC0D" box="[420,549,1539,1563]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9299999999999997" metricValueMax="4.07" metricValueMin="3.79" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="393.0" valueMax="407.0" valueMin="379.0">379–407 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, MUSORSTOM 1 42. 1 dry spec. R=13.6, r=6.3 (arm tips broken.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="21F63CEBFFFEFF83F14FF9C24738CC74" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2121243363" collectingDate="2014-11-01" collectionCode="IE" collectorName="Coll. Chen & Wei-jen" country="Taiwan" elevation="283" location="Continental" municipality="China Sea" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="IE- 2013-12293" specimenCount="300">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3EAEAA4FFFEFF83F14FF9C2410BCC0C" bold="true" box="[1299,1391,1538,1563]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9897626FFFEFF83F14FF9C2410ECC0C" box="[1299,1386,1538,1563]" name="Taiwan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="C1389ECDFFFEFF83F124F9C34546CC28" collectionCode="IE-" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IE- 2013-12293</specimenCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="9441606DFFFEFF83F56CF9E645D7CC28" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:193787A0FFFEFF83F4CBFEAF4738CC74:9441606DFFFEFF83F56CF9E645D7CC28" box="[304,435,1574,1599]" country="Taiwan" municipality="China Sea" name="Continental" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Continental</location>
|
||
slope,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7145ACCCFFFEFF83F650F9E646E1CC28" box="[524,645,1574,1599]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">China Sea</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 20°2’58.5132’N, 114° 10’48.99’E,
|
||
<elevation id="1AB3D185FFFEFF83F076F9E640C2CC28" box="[1066,1190,1574,1599]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.825" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="282.5" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="265.0">
|
||
<quantity id="56669B53FFFEFF83F076F9E640C2CC28" box="[1066,1190,1574,1599]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.825" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="m" value="282.5" valueMax="300.0" valueMin="265.0">
|
||
265–
|
||
<specimenCount id="8798FD3FFFFEFF83F038F9E640C2CC28" box="[1124,1190,1574,1599]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="generic">300m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="3C6B5360FFFEFF83F0E8F9E641FCCC28" box="[1204,1432,1574,1599]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Coll. Chen Wei-jen</collectorName>
|
||
, NanHai 2014. CP 4115.
|
||
<collectingDate id="F564E99EFFFEFF83F5F5F98B4652CC74" box="[425,566,1611,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-11-01">
|
||
<date id="E5201076FFFEFF83F5F5F98B4652CC74" box="[425,566,1611,1635]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="2014-11-01">1 Nov. 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
. 1 wet spec. R=10.2 r=4.6
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |