342 lines
28 KiB
XML
342 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4638999" ID-GBIF-Dataset="09f66541-18e3-4044-b553-7aab04763396" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733953" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4638999" checkinTime="1616760176976" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Menezes, Naércio A. & de Lucena, Carlos Alberto S." docDate="2014" docId="03C4D93834783F46FC11FED8FCC164EA" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.12.2.193-228.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (2)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252014000200193&lng=en&tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Charax Scopoli 1777" docType="key" docVersion="5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="197" masterDocId="FFFDA140347A3F42FFFBFE69FFCB6623" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the species of Charax Scopoli, 1777 (Teleostei: Characidae: Characinae) with description of a new species from the rio Negro bearing superficial neuromasts on body scales, Amazon basin, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="228" masterPageNumber="193" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" updateTime="1632022012887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic review of the species of Charax Scopoli, 1777 (Teleostei: Characidae: Characinae) with description of a new species from the rio Negro bearing superficial neuromasts on body scales, Amazon basin, Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Menezes, Naércio A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>de Lucena, Carlos Alberto S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2014-06-30</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>12</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>193</mods:start>
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<mods:end>228</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252014000200193&lng=en&tlng=en</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/1982-0224-20130175</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">09f66541-18e3-4044-b553-7aab04763396</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4638995</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2CFAB1CE-D283-483B-8C2B-87D95AEADE70</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4638999" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183733953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4638999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4D93834783F46FC11FED8FCC164EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4D93834783F46FC11FED8FCC164EA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<subSubSection box="[1002,1274,177,201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[1002,1274,177,201]" box="[1002,1274,177,201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<heading box="[1002,1274,177,201]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" reason="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1002,1274,177,201]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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Key to species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[1191,1274,177,201]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1191,1274,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="197" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" type="key">
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">1a. Lateral line incomplete, represented by anterior short segment; dorsal region of body anterior to dorsal fin origin lacking scales ........................................................................ 2</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">1b. Lateral line complete, perforated scales extending to base of caudal fin; dorsal region of body anterior to dorsal fin origin entirely covered with scales, except for small predorsal naked area ............................................................ 3</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" box="[816,1459,465,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead box="[816,1459,465,489]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">2a. Scale rows from pelvic-fin origin to lateral line 6-9 ......... 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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2b. Scale rows from pelvic-fin origin to lateral line 11-12 .............................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1230,1459,529,553]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hemigrammus">
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<emphasis box="[1230,1459,529,553]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax hemigrammus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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3a. Perforated scales on lateral line 42-44; 12 scale rows around caudal peduncle ......................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1277,1459,593,617]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rupununi">
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<emphasis box="[1277,1459,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax rupununi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">3b. Perforated scales on lateral line 50-65; 15-22 scale rows around caudal peduncle ...................................................... 5</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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4a. Ectopterygoid teeth present; 30-41 teeth on posterior dentary row ..................................................
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gery & Knopel" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1306,1459,721,745]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="condei">
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<emphasis box="[1306,1459,721,745]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax condei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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4b. Ectopterygoid teeth absent; 18-28 teeth on posterior dentary row .........................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1251,1457,785,809]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenopterus">
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<emphasis box="[1251,1457,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax stenopterus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">5a. Anal-fin origin along or slightly posterior to,vertical through origin of dorsal fin; ectopterygoid teeth always present ................................................................................... 6</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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5b. Anal-fin origin always anterior to vertical through origin of dorsal fin; ectopterygoid teeth absent (except in some specimens of
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<taxonomicName box="[988,1166,977,1001]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
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<emphasis box="[988,1166,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax gibbosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) ........................................ 8
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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6a. Superficial neuromasts absent on body; 9-10 gill rakers on lower branch of first gill arch .....................
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[1299,1459,1041,1065]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tectifer">
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<emphasis box="[1299,1459,1041,1065]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax tectifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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6b. Superficial neuromasts present, especially visible on trunk scales (
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<figureCitation box="[927,1002,1105,1129]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,168,636,660]" captionTargetBox="[129,1452,174,615]" captionTargetId="figure-6@3.[129,1452,174,615]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 1. Superficial neuromasts (black arrows) on lateral body scales of Charax delimai, male (a), MZUSP 81325, paratype, 102 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, igarapé Umari, tributary of rio Tiquié in community of São Pedro and female, (b), MZUSP 84988, paratype, 102 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, near old community of São Pedro." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4638997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4638997/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation box="[1056,1072,1105,1129]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[129,168,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[129,788,734,1181]" captionTargetId="figure-60@3.[129,772,745,1174]" captionText="Fig. 2. Superficial neuromasts (black arrow) on ventral body scales of Charax metae, CAS 69117, 59 mm SL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5131735/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">2</figureCitation>
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); 7-9 (rarely 9) gill rakers on lower branch of first gill arch ......................................................... 7
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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7a. Total number of ectopterygoid teeth 20-50; humeral spot distance 41.6-47% of SL (
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<figureCitation box="[1204,1273,1201,1225]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[807,846,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[129,1443,738,1174]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Humeral spot distance as a function of standard length for species of Charax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); 7-9 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum .........................................................................
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eigenmann" authorityYear="1922" box="[1310,1455,1265,1289]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metae">
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<emphasis box="[1310,1455,1265,1289]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax metae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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7b. Total number of ectopterygoid teeth 3-15; humeral spot distance 48-51% of SL (
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<figureCitation box="[1116,1182,1329,1353]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[807,846,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[129,1443,738,1174]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Humeral spot distance as a function of standard length for species of Charax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639001/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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); 10-12 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum ......................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1298,1459,1393,1417]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delimai">
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<emphasis box="[1298,1459,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax delimai</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" box="[816,1459,1425,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead box="[816,1459,1425,1449]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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8a. Orbital diameter 25-28.5% of head length (
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<figureCitation box="[1289,1350,1425,1449]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[127,166,1939,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-97@3.[306,1270,1259,1938]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4. Orbital diameter as a function of head length for species of Charax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5131737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) ……… 9
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" box="[816,1459,1457,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead box="[816,1459,1457,1481]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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8b. Orbital diameter 30.1-38.4% of head length (
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<figureCitation box="[1304,1364,1457,1481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[127,166,1939,1963]" captionTargetId="figure-97@3.[306,1270,1259,1938]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 4. Orbital diameter as a function of head length for species of Charax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131737" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5131737/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) …… 10
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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9a. Snout length 20.3-22.8% of head length (
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<figureCitation box="[1307,1373,1489,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[140,767,1395,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-787@4.[136,779,1389,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Snout length as a function of head length for Charax caudimaculatus and C. notulatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639005/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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); 16-17 scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line; 9-13 scale rows from anal-fin origin to lateral line .......................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1205,1455,1585,1609]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
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<emphasis box="[1205,1455,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax caudimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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9b. Snout length 24.3-26.3% of head length (
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<figureCitation box="[1307,1373,1617,1641]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[136,175,1904,1928]" captionTargetBox="[140,767,1395,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-787@4.[136,779,1389,1884]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Snout length as a function of head length for Charax caudimaculatus and C. notulatus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639005/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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); 18-19 scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line; 14-17 scale rows from anal-fin origin to lateral line ....................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1280,1459,1713,1737]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notulatus">
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<emphasis box="[1280,1459,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax notulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" box="[816,1458,1745,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead box="[816,1458,1745,1769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">10a. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 20-22 .................... 11</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" box="[816,1459,1777,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead box="[816,1459,1777,1801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">10b. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 16-19 ................... 12</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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11a. Perforated scales on lateral line 54-62 .......................................................................
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Lucena" authorityYear="1987" box="[1280,1459,1841,1865]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="apurensis">
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<emphasis box="[1280,1459,1841,1865]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax apurensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[816,1459,241,1929]" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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<keyLead pageId="2" pageNumber="195">
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11b. Perforated scales on lateral line 63-65 ..................................................................
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kner" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1262,1459,1905,1929]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolepis">
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<emphasis box="[1262,1459,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="195">Charax macrolepis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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|
</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4638997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4638997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4638997/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" startId="3.[129,168,636,660]" targetBox="[129,1452,174,615]" targetPageId="3">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,1452,636,725]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,197,636,661]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
|
Superficial neuromasts (black arrows) on lateral body scales of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[864,1028,637,661]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="delimai">
|
|
<emphasis box="[864,1028,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Charax delimai</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, male (a), MZUSP 81325, paratype, 102 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, igarapé Umari, tributary of rio Tiquié in community of São Pedro and female, (b), MZUSP 84988, paratype, 102 mm SL, Brazil, Amazonas, near old community of São Pedro.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131735" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5131735" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5131735/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" startId="3.[129,168,1194,1218]" targetBox="[129,788,734,1181]" targetPageId="3">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[129,771,1194,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,198,1194,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
|
|
Superficial neuromasts (black arrow) on ventral body scales of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority=", CAS" authorityName="CAS" box="[224,435,1226,1250]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="metae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[224,371,1226,1250]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Charax metae</emphasis>
|
|
, CAS
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
69117, 59 mm SL.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4639001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639001/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" startId="3.[807,846,1194,1218]" targetBox="[129,1443,738,1174]" targetPageId="3">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[807,1450,1194,1250]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[807,876,1194,1218]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
|
|
Humeral spot distance as a function of standard length for species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[960,1044,1226,1250]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Charax</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5131737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5131737" box="[127,927,1939,1963]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5131737/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" startId="3.[127,166,1939,1963]" targetBox="[315,1258,1262,1930]" targetPageId="3">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="3.[127,927,1939,1963]" box="[127,927,1939,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[127,197,1939,1963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
|
|
Orbital diameter as a function of head length for species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[840,921,1939,1963]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="196" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[840,921,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="196">Charax</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<keyStep pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
12a. Humeral spot distance 34.7-37.8% of standard length (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[174,240,209,233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[807,846,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[129,1443,738,1174]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Humeral spot distance as a function of standard length for species of Charax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639001/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
); 4-6 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum ............................................................. 13
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
12b. Humeral spot distance 38-44% of standard length (
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[807,846,1194,1218]" captionTargetBox="[129,1443,738,1174]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Humeral spot distance as a function of standard length for species of Charax." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4639001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4639001/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
|
); 8-10 transverse scale rows between humeral spot and supracleithrum ....................................................................... 14
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
13a. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 18-20 .....................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[606,778,401,425]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="michaeli">
|
|
<emphasis box="[606,778,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Charax michaeli</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" box="[136,778,433,457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead box="[136,778,433,457]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">13b. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 15-16 ... 15</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
14a. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 3-14 ............................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[550,778,497,521]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pauciradiatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[550,778,497,521]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Charax pauciradiatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
14b. Scale rows from dorsal-fin origin to lateral line 16-18 .......................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[620,778,561,585]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leticiae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[620,778,561,585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Charax leticiae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
<keyStep pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
15a. Predorsal scales 38-45; ectopterygoid teeth present in most specimens examined
|
|
<emphasis box="[445,778,625,649]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
.......................
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[600,778,625,649]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gibbosus">Charax gibbosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,779,177,713]" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
<keyLead pageId="4" pageNumber="197">
|
|
15b. Predorsal scales; ectopterygoid teeth absent in all specimens examined 52-68 .............................
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[641,778,689,713]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Charax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="197" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
|
|
<emphasis box="[641,778,689,713]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="197">Charax niger</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</keyLead>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</keyStep>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |