206 lines
25 KiB
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206 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="9BE2E472002A5B75ED1E131079428333" ID-CLB-Dataset="5634" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdd39956-de72-43ea-afa3-cf79f805dd83" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4913561" ID-ZooBank="D2764982-F7D7-4922-BF3F-8314FE9FD869" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623171832930" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schoddei, Richard & Christidis, Les" docDate="2014" docId="03C087B55B62A841FF75F9B9FB70FE63" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03786p522.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3786 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eulacestoma De Vis 1894" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="509" masterDocId="FFF9FFCD5B65A849FFE2FFADFF95FFB3" masterDocTitle="Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal" masterLastPageNumber="522" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="508" updateTime="1699005125857" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="E493E23B2D50C05A712A1EC14B516D53">Relicts from Tertiary Australasia: undescribed families and subfamilies of songbirds (Passeriformes) and their zoogeographic signal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7948238FBAD6683D2070AF6B5588ED3E">Schoddei, Richard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1CDC8EA52232748FFF2B19679519D5A4">Christidis, Les</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2B73C8FD154ECA2341FB42704A55EFE3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6108359452D60D1749D9E33F8D25F2B0">
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<mods:date id="592722E19A967567ECE06A9A3DF6B7E1">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D6038D1D4E23D1C1780D5185E7EBF3B0">2014-04-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="91116364BE5547601A197342DF63D9D9" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="246E7376D897C22A25DC55D800DA7671">3786</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="EAE2095B3350E9BC1248F7CA271D3FD0">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A5441A1469F675F81944891974AA5F69" type="CLB-Dataset">5634</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EA6A77D69488F869C670C8166B948F66" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087B55B62A841FF75F9B9FB70FE63" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4913563" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183401444" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4913563" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087B55B62A841FF75F9B9FB70FE63" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087B55B62A841FF75F9B9FB70FE63" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B62A84EFF75F9B9FEC5F99D" box="[151,336,1556,1582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B62A84EFF75F9B9FEC5F99D" blockId="7.[151,336,1556,1582]" box="[151,336,1556,1582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
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<heading id="D09E81CF5B62A84EFF75F9B9FEC5F99D" bold="true" box="[151,336,1556,1582]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFF75F9B9FEC5F99D" bold="true" box="[151,336,1556,1582]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
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2.
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFF56F9B9FEC5F99D" ID-CoL="4FRS" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[180,336,1556,1582]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFF56F9B9FEC5F99D" bold="true" box="[180,336,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37365285B62A841FF75F9F6FB70FE63" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD636A35B62A841FF75F9F6FB7AFF66" blockId="7.[151,1436,1626,2011]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,464]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="509" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">
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Because of its remarkable bilaterally compressed bill, New Guinean
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFC45F9F7FBADF9C0" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[935,1080,1626,1651]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFC45F9F7FBADF9C0" box="[935,1080,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was grouped traditionally with the Australasian shrike-tits (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFE3AF9D3FDECF924" box="[472,633,1662,1687]" class="Aves" family="Falcunculidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Falcunculidae</taxonomicName>
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) and whistlers (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFCD3F9D3FC64F924" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1831" box="[817,1009,1662,1687]" class="Aves" family="Pachycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pachycephalidae</taxonomicName>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFBEBF9D3FB1FF924" author="Mayr, E." box="[1033,1162,1662,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" refId="ref18185" refString="Mayr, E. (1941) List of New Guinea Birds. American Museum of Natural History, New York, 260 pp." type="book" year="1941">Mayr 1941</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFB7BF9D3FB41F924" author="Mayr, E." box="[1177,1236,1662,1687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="3 - 51" refId="ref18210" refString="Mayr, E. (1967) Subfamily Pachycephalinae. In: Paynter, R. A. Jr. (Ed.), Check-list of Birds of the World, A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters. Vol. 12. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 3 - 51." type="book chapter" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFB00F9D3FF46F908" author="Rand, A. & Gilliard, E. T." pageId="7" pageNumber="508" refId="ref18830" refString="Rand, A. L & Gilliard, E. T. (1967) Handbook of New Guinea Birds. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 611 pp." type="book" year="1967">Rand & Gilliard 1967</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFF02F90FFE76F908" author="Beehler, B. M. & Finch, B. W." box="[224,483,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" refId="ref15493" refString="Beehler, B. M. & Finch, B. W. (1985) Species-checklist of the Birds of New Guinea. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union Monograph 1. Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union, Moonee Ponds, 127 pp." type="book" year="1985">Beehler & Finch 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFE13F90FFD45F908" author="Beehler, B. M. & Pratt, T. K. & Zimmerman, D. A." box="[497,720,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" refId="ref15535" refString="Beehler, B. M., Pratt, T. K. & Zimmerman, D. A. (1986) Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 293 pp." type="book" year="1986">
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Beehler
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFDB3F90EFD19F908" box="[593,652,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al.</emphasis>
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1986
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFD3CF90FFCFBF908" author="Coates, B. J." box="[734,878,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" refId="ref16365" refString="Coates, B. J. (1990) The Birds of Papua New Guinea. Vol. 2. Dove Publications, Alderley, Queensland, 576 pp." type="book" year="1990">Coates 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFC9EF90FFB1CF908" author="Sibley, C. E. & Monroe, B. L. Jr." box="[892,1161,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" refId="ref19862" refString="Sibley, C. E. & Monroe, B. L. Jr. (1990) Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1111 pp." type="book" year="1990">Sibley & Monroe 1990</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFB75F90FFADBF908" author="Dickinson, E. C." box="[1175,1358,1698,1723]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" refId="ref16665" refString="Dickinson, E. C. (Ed.) (2003) The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. 3 rd Edition. Christopher Helm, London, 1039 pp." type="book" year="2003">Dickinson 2003</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFABEF90FFF75F96C" author="Boles, W. E." pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="374 - 437" refId="ref15799" refString="Boles, W. E. (2007 a) Family Pachycephalidae (whistlers). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Christie, D. (Eds.), Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 12. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 374 - 437." type="book chapter" year="2007">Boles 2007a</bibRefCitation>
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). Multi-locus DNA sequence studies since have corroborated a sister relationship between the shrike-tits and whistlers (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFEEEF947FE77F8B0" author="Barker, F. K. & Cibois, A. & Schikler, P. & Feinstein, J. & Cracraft, J." box="[268,482,1770,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="11040 - 11045" refId="ref15333" refString="Barker, F. K., Cibois, A., Schikler, P., Feinstein, J. & Cracraft, J. (2004) Phylogeny and diversification of the largest avian radiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 11040 - 11045. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0401892101" type="journal article" year="2004">
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Barker
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFE86F946FE0BF8B0" box="[356,414,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al.</emphasis>
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2004
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</bibRefCitation>
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; Jønsson & Fjeldså 2006;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFCF1F947FC60F8B0" author="Driskell, A. & Christidis, L. & Gill, B. J. & Boles, W. E. & Barker, F. K. & Longmore, N. W." box="[787,1013,1770,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref16766" refString="Driskell, A., Christidis, L., Gill, B. J., Boles, W. E., Barker, F. K. & Longmore, N. W. (2007) A new endemic family of New Zealand passerine birds: adding heat to a biodiversity hotspot. Australian Journal of Zoology, 55, 73 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / zo 07007" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Driskell
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFC94F946FC3CF8B0" box="[886,937,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFBE0F946FB67F8B0" author="Norman, J. A. & Ericson, P. G. & Jonsson, K. A. & Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L." box="[1026,1266,1770,1795]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="488 - 497" refId="ref18462" refString="Norman, J. A., Ericson, P. G. P, Jonsson, K. A., Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L. (2009 b) A multi-gene phylogeny reveals novel relationships for aberrant genera of Australo-Papuan core Corvoidea and polyphyly of the Pachycephalidae and Psophodidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 52, 488 - 497. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.03.019" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Norman
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFB84F946FB0FF8B0" box="[1126,1178,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
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. 2009b
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFAE2F946FF44F894" author="Jonsson, K. A. & Fabre, P. - H. & Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J." pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="2328 - 2333" refId="ref17856" refString="Jonsson, K. A., Fabre, P. - H., Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J. (2011) Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto- Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108, 2328 - 2333. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1018956108" type="journal article" year="2011">
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Jønsson
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFA80F946FA00F8B0" box="[1378,1429,1770,1795]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
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. 2011
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFF3CF8A3FE4BF894" author="Aggerbeck, M. & Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L. & Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A." box="[222,478,1806,1831]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="272 - 285" refId="ref15184" refString="Aggerbeck, M., Fjelds a, J., Christidis, L., Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A. (2014) Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 70, 272 - 285. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.09.027" type="journal article" year="2014">
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Aggerbeck
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFE83F8A2FE07F894" box="[353,402,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
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. 2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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), but not with
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFD66F8A3FC80F894" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[644,789,1806,1831]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFD66F8A3FC80F894" box="[644,789,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Norman
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFC6AF8A2FC2FF894" box="[904,954,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
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. (
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFC30F8A3FC78F894" box="[978,1005,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">l.c</emphasis>
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.) did recover exclusive links between them, but support was weak. Other studies (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFD64F89FFCF6F8F8" author="Jonsson, K. A. & Bowie, R. C. K. & Norman, J. A. & Christidis, L. & Fjelds a, J." box="[646,867,1842,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref17586" refString="Jonsson, K. A., Bowie, R. C. K., Norman, J. A., Christidis, L. & Fjelds a, J. (2007) Polyphyletic origin of toxic pitohui birds suggests widespread occurrence of toxicity in corvoid birds. Biology Letters, 4, 71 - 74. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1098 / rsbl. 2007.0464" type="journal article" year="2007">
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Jønsson
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFD0AF89EFC8CF8F8" box="[744,793,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al</emphasis>
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. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFC8DF89FFC32F8F8" author="Jonsson, K. A. & Fabre, P. - H. & Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J." box="[879,935,1842,1867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="2328 - 2333" refId="ref17856" refString="Jonsson, K. A., Fabre, P. - H., Ricklefs, R. E. & Fjelds a, J. (2011) Major global radiation of corvoid birds originated in the proto- Papuan archipelago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108, 2328 - 2333. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1018956108" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
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) found
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFBE3F89FFB07F8F8" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[1025,1170,1842,1867]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFBE3F89FFB07F8F8" box="[1025,1170,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sister instead to a large cluster of corvoid families that includes the crows (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFCB6F8FBFC54F8DC" box="[852,961,1878,1903]" class="Aves" family="Corvidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Corvidae</taxonomicName>
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), shrikes (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFBB0F8FBFB2FF8DC" box="[1106,1210,1878,1903]" class="Aves" family="Laniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Laniidae</taxonomicName>
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), birds-of-paradise (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFF7CF8D7FEABF820" box="[158,318,1914,1939]" class="Aves" family="Paradisaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Paradisaeidae</taxonomicName>
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|
), fantails (
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFE59F8D7FDC1F820" authorityName="Sundevall" authorityYear="1872" box="[443,596,1914,1939]" class="Aves" family="Rhipiduridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhipiduridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), monarchs (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFD08F8D7FC14F820" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[746,897,1914,1939]" class="Aves" family="Monarchidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Monarchidae</taxonomicName>
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|
) and, in the first study, whistlers. Since then,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B525B62A84EFF75F833FE30F804" author="Aggerbeck, M. & Fjelds a, J. & Christidis, L. & Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A." box="[151,421,1950,1975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" pagination="272 - 285" refId="ref15184" refString="Aggerbeck, M., Fjelds a, J., Christidis, L., Fabre, P. - H. & Jonsson, K. A. (2014) Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 70, 272 - 285. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2013.09.027" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
|
Aggerbeck
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFEFBF832FEC4F804" box="[281,337,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2014)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, using sequences from 22 loci and with robust support, recovered
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFB6FF833FA8BF804" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[1165,1310,1950,1975]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B62A84EFB6FF833FA8BF804" box="[1165,1310,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="508">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as sister to the Australo-Papuan sittellas (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B62A84EFE08F86FFDE4F868" authorityName="Ridgway" authorityYear="1904" box="[490,625,1986,2011]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="508" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Neosittidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
). These, in turn, were sister to a group of corvoid families that included the Old World orioles (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FE40FF3AFD87FF03" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[418,530,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Oriolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Oriolidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), vireos (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FD9FFF3AFD69FF03" box="[637,764,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Vireonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Vireonidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and Australo-Papuan whipbirds (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FB67FF3AFA8EFF03" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1854" box="[1157,1307,151,176]" class="Aves" family="Psophodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Psophodidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Whatever the inter-familial relationships of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FDECFF11FD0AFF66" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[526,671,188,213]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6DA841FDECFF11FD0AFF66" box="[526,671,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, they are clearly distant from other corvoid families.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BD636A35B6DA841FF25FF72FB70FE63" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">
|
|
Morphological traits support these findings. Although the bills of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FC4FFF72FBABFF4B" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[941,1086,223,248]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6DA841FC4FFF72FBABFF4B" box="[941,1086,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FB97FF72FB6AFF4B" box="[1141,1279,223,248]" class="Aves" family="Pachycephalidae" genus="Falcunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6DA841FB97FF72FB6AFF4B" box="[1141,1279,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Falcunculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are similar in appearance, the structure of the temporal area of the skull, where jaw muscles attach, differs markedly. Unlike its form in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FF12FE8AFE14FEF3" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[240,385,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6DA841FF12FE8AFE14FEF3" box="[240,385,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see diagnosis), the temporal fossa is smaller, deeper and clearly defined in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FB30FE8AFAC8FEF3" box="[1234,1373,295,320]" class="Aves" family="Pachycephalidae" genus="Falcunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6DA841FB30FE8AFAC8FEF3" box="[1234,1373,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Falcunculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, with both postorbital and zygomatic processes short but clearly developed; the latter is distinctively thickened at the base. Thus the bills of the two genera are evidently used in different ways, and convergent in gross form. Moreover, the ectethmoids are short and narrow in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FDBEFE39FD72FE1E" box="[604,743,404,429]" class="Aves" family="Pachycephalidae" genus="Falcunculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6DA841FDBEFE39FD72FE1E" box="[604,743,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Falcunculus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and its lachrymals appear to be free. Based on the combined molecular and morphological data now available,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C694D205B6DA841FD25FE1AFCCDFE63" authorityName="De Vis" authorityYear="1894" box="[711,856,439,464]" class="Aves" family="Neosittidae" genus="Eulacestoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="509" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B91DEAB15B6DA841FD25FE1AFCCDFE63" box="[711,856,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="509">Eulacestoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is separated here in its own family.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |