225 lines
26 KiB
XML
225 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EEB65937F2886341320B48E707DED93D">A revision of the genus Trisuloides Butler, 1881 with descriptions of three new species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Revision of Pantheinae, contribution I</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4A6DDBCEEE5D7D9C0AE4C56321356619">Behounek, Gottfried</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0EE1420D1088AF2F9A1B2F82D076108F">Han, Hui-Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CFDD2B6342B7CEE53BAE6BDE89DA614C">Kononenko, Vladimir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="2F1B952BE79FD79BA2C6F390A93A323D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="49D3F890623CD748283AD06C0E4B60E4">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DC5941BBE9A3E27C81705A5F8160AD0D">3069</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C25E22BEB60DB58AACB0BDA4EAB3EFA1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.278996</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C087A5824EFFC5DBB7FDC5F858F850" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6185728" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127658488" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6185728" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C087A5824EFFC5DBB7FDC5F858F850" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C087A5824EFFC5DBB7FDC5F858F850" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection id="C3736538824EFFC5DBB7FDC5F858F850" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD636B3824EFFC5DBB7FDC5FF63FD08" blockId="1.[151,583,616,642]" box="[151,583,616,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading id="D09E81DF824EFFC5DBB7FDC5FF63FD08" bold="true" box="[151,583,616,642]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DBB7FDC5FF63FD08" bold="true" box="[151,583,616,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DA3FFDC5FF63FD08" ID-CoL="93MYW" ID-ENA="95197" authority="Smith, 1898" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1898" box="[287,583,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pantheinae">Pantheinae Smith, 1898</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636B3824EFFC5DBB7FD02F834FB6D" blockId="1.[151,1437,687,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Medium sized moths, wingspan
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<quantity id="4C919B56824EFFC5D92CFD02FFAFFD4D" box="[524,651,687,711]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="40.0">40–80 mm</quantity>
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. Antennae of male pectinate, serrate or filiform; labial palps mainly short, compressed, 3rd segment short or very short; proboscis often reduced, vestigial or shortened, but in some genera developed; eyes covered by short hairs, in some genera hairs minute or not visible; ocelli absent or tiny; frons smooth; wings triangular, in some cases narrow, more often wide, the outer margin oblique or straight; M2 on hindwing always well developed, strong; forewing color from black and white to brown or green; wing pattern diverse, often well marked, on forewing a black dagger-shaped tornal streak often present, orbicular and reniform stigmata usually well marked; in many genera hindwings yellow with black terminal band, often hindwing with tornal streak or patch; in genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DA46FC02FC85FC4D" box="[358,417,943,967]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Arcte" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DA46FC02FC85FC4D" box="[358,417,943,967]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Arcte</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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hindwings brown with blue patches or marks. Tympanal bullae are fused laterally in small dorso-anterior area (
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DAA0FC7EFF18FC60" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[384,572,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DAA0FC7EFCFAFC61" box="[384,478,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Panthea</emphasis>
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Hübner
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</taxonomicName>
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, [1820] 1816), or they are fused throughout. In male genitalia, uncus often shortened, wide; scaphium membranous, but in some cases sclerotised, subscaphium partly sclerotised; tegumen broad, usually without peniculus; juxta plate-like, transtilla expressed; valva massive, lobe-like, without corona; sacculus relatively narrow, elongated; cucullus not separated; harpe massive, usually beside or parallel to ventral margin of valva; editum plate-like, heavily sclerotised. Aedeagus massive; vesica in most cases tubular, armed with large or moderate spine-shaped cornuti or groups of moderate or small spines. In female genitalia, papillae anales quadrangular, relatively short; anterior and posterior apophyses relatively short, equal in length; antrum sclerotised, cup-shaped, shallow, ductus usually short; corpus bursae large, saccate, often with sclerotised patches.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636B3824EFFC5DBE7FB5FF99EFA68" blockId="1.[151,1437,687,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The subfamily includes about 200 species worldwide, distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental, Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Only 13 genera and about 60 species are known from the cool temperate zones of the Palaearctic, including 5 genera and 10 species in the Euro-Siberian subregion and 7 genera and 10–12 species in the northern Manchurian subregion (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5D92FFAF2FFFEFAFD" author="Kononenko" box="[527,730,1375,1399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Kononenko, V. S. (2010) Noctuidae Sibircae, vol. 2. Micronoctuidae, Noctuidae: Rivulinae - Agaristinae. Entomological Press, Soro, 475 pp." type="book" year="2010">Kononenko 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). The centre of diversity of the subfamily is mountain broadleaved and mixed forests in the Himalayas, Indochina and south
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<collectingCountry id="F37E7623824EFFC5D85FFA2FFEE6FA10" box="[895,962,1410,1434]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5D8F2FA2FF824FA10" author="Speidel" box="[978,1280,1410,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Speidel W. & V. S. Kononenko (1998) A review of the subfamilies Pantheinae and Acronictinae from North Vietnam with description of new species of Tambana Moore, 1882 and Anacronicta Warren, 1909. Esperiana, 6, 547 - 566." type="journal article" year="1998">Speidel, Kononenko 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). Larvae feed mainly on woody plants, with a few coniferous trees; in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D858FA0AF9BBFA35" authority="Warren, 1909" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1909" box="[888,1183,1447,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Anacronicta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D858FA0AF925FA35" box="[888,1025,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Anacronicta</emphasis>
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Warren, 1909
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</taxonomicName>
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the known larvae feed on
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DB9AFA66FC3DFA68" box="[186,281,1483,1506]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
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. There are 21 genera and 142 species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D9C0FA67FE7FFA68" box="[736,859,1482,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pantheinae">Pantheinae</taxonomicName>
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presently occurring in Eurasia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD636B3824EFFC5DBE7FA42F858F850" blockId="1.[151,1437,687,2010]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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After
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5DA28FA5DFCE1F98D" author="Hampson" box="[264,453,1519,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1913) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum Vol. 13, i - xiv, + 609 pp., London, Taylor and Francis." type="book" year="1913">Hampson (1913)</bibRefCitation>
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the northern Palaearctic fauna (former USSR) of the subfamily was revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5DE1CFA42FC12F9A0" author="Kozhanchikov" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Kozhantschikov, I. V. (1950) Family Orgiidae. Nasekomye Cheshuekrylye [Insecta, Lepidoptera]. Fauna SSSR, Vol. 12, Leningrad, 581 pp. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1950">Kozhanchikov (1950)</bibRefCitation>
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, as tribe Momini of the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D996F9BFFE6FF9A0" box="[694,843,1554,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acronictinae</taxonomicName>
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. He included in his “Momini” some genera with nonhairy eyes i.e.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DA65F995FF17F9C5" authority="Hubner, 1816" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1816" box="[325,563,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Moma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DA65F995FCA8F9C5" box="[325,396,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Moma</emphasis>
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Hübner, 1816
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D960F995FE13F9C5" authority="Fletcher, 1961" authorityName="Fletcher" authorityYear="1961" box="[576,823,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Nacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D960F995FFADF9C5" box="[576,649,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Nacna</emphasis>
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Fletcher, 1961
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D864F99AF952F9C5" authority="Warren, 1911" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1911" box="[836,1142,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Gerbathodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D864F99AFEF1F9C5" box="[836,981,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Gerbathodes</emphasis>
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Warren, 1911
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DFB8F99AFC0AF9F8" authority="Kozhanchikov, 1950" authorityName="Kozhanchikov" authorityYear="1950" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Acronictoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DFB8F99AF816F9C5" box="[1176,1330,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Acronictoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5DE1CF99AFC0AF9F8" author="Kozhanchikov" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Kozhantschikov, I. V. (1950) Family Orgiidae. Nasekomye Cheshuekrylye [Insecta, Lepidoptera]. Fauna SSSR, Vol. 12, Leningrad, 581 pp. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1950">Kozhanchikov, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DA64F9F6FFEDF9F8" authority="Hampson, 1894" authorityName="Hampson" authorityYear="1894" box="[324,713,1626,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cymatophoropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DA64F9F6FF2CF9F9" box="[324,520,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cymatophoropsis</emphasis>
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Hampson, 1894
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D9F6F9F6FE51F9F9" box="[726,885,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Subleuconicta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5D85FF9F7F94DF9F8" author="Kozhanchikov" box="[895,1129,1626,1650]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Kozhantschikov, I. V. (1950) Family Orgiidae. Nasekomye Cheshuekrylye [Insecta, Lepidoptera]. Fauna SSSR, Vol. 12, Leningrad, 581 pp. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1950">Kozhanchikov, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DF84F9F1FDF6F91D" authority="Staudinger, 1892" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Euromoia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DF84F9F1F837F9F9" box="[1188,1299,1628,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Euromoia</emphasis>
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Staudinger, 1892
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</taxonomicName>
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. These were later placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D932F9D2FF87F91D" box="[530,675,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Acronictinae</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5D9EDF9D2FE71F91D" author="Sugi" box="[717,853,1663,1687]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Sugi, S. (1982) Noctuidae (except Herminiinae). In: Inoue H., S. Sugi, H. Kuroko, S. Moriuti, and A. Kawabe. Moths of Japan, 1, 669 - 913, 2, 334 - 405, pls. 37, 164 - 223, 229, 278, 355 - 280, Kodansha, Tokyo (in Japanese with English synopsis)." type="journal article" year="1982">Sugi (1982)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D8B0F9D2F91AF91D" authority="Hubner" authorityName="Hubner" box="[912,1086,1663,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Raphia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D8B0F9D2FEC5F91D" box="[912,993,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Raphia</emphasis>
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Hübner
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</taxonomicName>
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, [1821] 1816 and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DE2AF9D2FC3AF930" authority="Boisduval, 1840" authorityName="Boisduval" authorityYear="1840" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Diloba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DE2AF9D2F87CF91D" box="[1290,1368,1663,1687]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Diloba</emphasis>
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Boisduval, 1840
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</taxonomicName>
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, were moved to the separate subfamilies
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D9CAF90FFE7FF930" box="[746,859,1698,1722]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Raphiinae">Raphiinae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D8B2F90FF924F930" box="[914,1024,1698,1722]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Dilobinae">Dilobinae</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5DF2FF90FF864F930" author="Fibiger" box="[1039,1344,1698,1722]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Fibiger, M. & J. D. Lafontaine. (2005) A review of the higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera) - with special reference to the Holarctic fauna. Esperiana, 11, 7 - 82." type="journal article" year="2005">Fibiger & Lafontaine 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5DE6BF90FFC32F955" author="Fibiger" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Fibiger, M., Ronkay L., A. Steiner & A. Zilli. (2009) Pantheinae, Dilobinae, Acronicitinae, Nolinae, Eustrotiinae, Acontiinae, Metoponiinae, Heliothinae and Bryophilinae. Noctuidae Europaea, 11. Entomological press, Soro, 504 pp." type="book" year="2009">
|
||
Fibiger
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DBB7F965FDF5F955" box="[151,209,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5DA09F96AFCE0F955" author="Kobes" box="[297,452,1735,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Kobes, L. W. R. (1992) Supplement to the volume 4 of the Heterocera Sumatrana series. Heterocera Sumatrana, 7 (1), 79 - 107." type="journal article" year="1992">Kobes (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred the traditional “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D9DEF96AFEA9F955" box="[766,909,1735,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophiderinae">Ophiderinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
” genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D8D3F965F9CDF955" authority="Moore, 1882" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1882" box="[1011,1257,1735,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Baorisa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D8D3F965F968F955" box="[1011,1100,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Baorisa</emphasis>
|
||
Moore, 1882
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DFD5F96AFDEBF888" authority="Moore, 1882" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Donda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DFD5F96AF865F955" box="[1269,1345,1735,1759]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Donda</emphasis>
|
||
Moore, 1882
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DA25F946FCC8F888" authority="Moore, 1858" authorityName="Moore" authorityYear="1858" box="[261,492,1770,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DA25F946FC77F889" box="[261,339,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Trisula</emphasis>
|
||
Moore, 1858
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D930F947FFABF888" box="[528,655,1770,1794]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pantheinae">Pantheinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5D828F947FEDBF888" author="Hacker" box="[776,1023,1770,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Hacker, H. & A. Zilli (2007) Revisional notes on the genus Thiacidas Walker, 1855, with description of Thiacidinae subfam. nov. and eleven new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Esperiana Memoirs, 3, 179 - 264." type="journal article" year="2007">Hacker & Zilli (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymised the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DE3BF946FC73F8AD" authority="Staudinger, 1892" authorityName="Staudinger" authorityYear="1892" class="Insecta" family="Pantheidae" genus="Panthauma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DE3BF946F8B8F889" box="[1307,1436,1771,1795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Panthauma</emphasis>
|
||
Staudinger, 1892
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DAB4F8A2FCC6F8AD" box="[404,482,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trisula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DAB4F8A2FCC6F8AD" box="[404,482,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Trisula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D909F8A2FE19F8AD" authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[553,829,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Thiacidas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D909F8A2FFB3F8AD" box="[553,663,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Thiacidas</emphasis>
|
||
Walker, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and placed them in the new subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DE31F8A2F8BDF8AD" box="[1297,1433,1807,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Thiacidinae">Thiacidinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF84B42824EFFC5DBB7F89FFC7DF8C0" author="Holloway" box="[151,345,1842,1866]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" refString="Holloway, J. D. (2009) The Moths of Borneo, part 13, Family Noctuidae, subfamilies Pantheinae, Bagisarinae, Acontiinae Aediinae, Eustrotiinae, Bryophilinae, Aeroperoninae, Aventiinae, Eublemminae. Malayan Nature Journal, 62 (1 - 2), 1 - 240" type="journal article" year="2009">Holloway (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expanded the concept of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D9A2F89FFFD9F8C0" box="[642,765,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pantheinae">Pantheinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the Bornean fauna and transferred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DE01F89FF8B8F8C0" box="[1313,1436,1842,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pantheinae">Pantheinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
several genera formerly placed in Erebinae or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D9BBF8FAFE06F8E5" box="[667,802,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Catocalinae">Catocalinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5D8BDF8FAF90DF8E5" authority="Kollar" authorityName="Kollar" box="[925,1065,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Arcte" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5D8BDF8FAFEFDF8E5" box="[925,985,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Arcte</emphasis>
|
||
Kollar
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, [1844],
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DFACF8FAF8BCF8E5" authority="Guenee, 1852" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1852" box="[1164,1432,1879,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Cyclodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DFACF8FAF9D6F8E5" box="[1164,1266,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Cyclodes</emphasis>
|
||
Guenèe, 1852
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DBB7F8D6FDC7F819" box="[151,227,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Donda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DBB7F8D6FDC7F819" box="[151,227,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Donda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C694D30824EFFC5DA3AF8D6FF39F818" authority="Walker, 1862" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" box="[282,541,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Belciana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEAA1824EFFC5DA3AF8D6FC5AF819" box="[282,382,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Belciana</emphasis>
|
||
Walker, 1862
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The concept of the subfamily and its taxonomic composition still require clarification, especially in relation to oriental genera, and many genera and species are in need of extensive taxonomic revision. The subfamily in its present composition is morphologically highly diverse and probably paraphyletic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |