268 lines
39 KiB
XML
268 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="E99E71D70FA6FF24BF1746A3E3654C01" ID-CLB-Dataset="263342" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67e7a105-1f62-414a-83d9-f758039eb726" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958937" ID-ZooBank="F9834684-24D3-4795-B5EB-77B451DF856D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1684793492880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shi, Hongliang & Liang, Hongbin" docDate="2023" docId="038776236269FFD22DEFB755FEF85F97" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5286.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5286 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha Shi & Liang 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="FFBE0E5B6246FFE32D78B27BFFE75D5A" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1699506634024" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C983B6E4EA0E6677DDE67205D3670449">
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<mods:title id="68572CAFD1489CE13B03B97C2707675C">Taxonomic revision of the genus Parena Motschulsky, 1860 (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Metallicina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2080AC4BF80634951AD03F0E05A04D3A">Shi, Hongliang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F4AB84A2B48961001EF4FA492B3DF1A" type="email">shihl@bjfu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="09F61E4E2DFD6CE324D93095C9C56892">Liang, Hongbin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7CBBF0E4863570C7653971E4C19AB5DC" type="email">shihl@bjfu.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="65530799CA2A41404C016AE3EE8FC6BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6C5E7AEEFD8CD05B273AD5983C95C8AB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9464CA8691F669A1B2C5033D20C1AAC1">
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<mods:date id="4D0318937687C6BAE2AF0CE25DF260EB">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1AD4FEF6297C559F984636FB77F7136A">2023-05-18</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="63921A965FBB11A6C2DF577D445FE78C">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5286.1.1</mods:url>
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<treatment id="038776236269FFD22DEFB755FEF85F97" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963975" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209628963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7963975" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236269FFD22DEFB755FEF85F97" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038776236269FFD22DEFB755FEF85F97" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6269FFCC2DEFB755FD0E5812" box="[151,745,1325,1352]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356269FFCC2DEFB755FD0E5812" blockId="47.[151,844,1325,1388]" box="[151,745,1325,1352]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DEFB755FD0E5812" bold="true" box="[151,745,1325,1352]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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[10]
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<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66269FFCC2DB7B755FD635812" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[207,644,1325,1352]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DB7B755FEC05812" bold="true" box="[207,295,1326,1352]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Parena</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2C40B756FE3A5812" bold="true" box="[312,477,1325,1352]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2C96B756FD635812" bold="true" box="[494,644,1325,1352]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">heteronycha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6269FFCC2FF3B755FD0E5812" box="[651,745,1326,1352]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6269FFCC2DEFB729FCAB5836" box="[151,844,1362,1388]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356269FFCC2DEFB729FCAB5836" blockId="47.[151,844,1325,1388]" box="[151,844,1362,1388]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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Habitus:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2D85B729FE425836" box="[253,421,1362,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 26A, 26B</figureCitation>
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. Gonocoxites of ovipositor:
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2F9AB729FCAE5836" box="[738,841,1362,1388]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 11A</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33494BE6269FFCC2DEFB7EEFDA15BF1" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356269FFCC2DEFB7EEFB7758F5" blockId="47.[151,1168,1428,1455]" box="[151,1168,1428,1455]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686269FFCC2DEFB7EEFB6B58F5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871474" box="[151,1164,1428,1455]" country="Laos" elevation="1550" latitude="20.2" location="Mt. Phu Pane" longLatPrecision="1268" longitude="103.98333" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Houaphan" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DEFB7EEFED158F4" bold="true" box="[151,310,1428,1455]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="549579976269FFCC2DEFB7EEFF3558F5" box="[151,210,1429,1455]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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NE
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A56269FFCC2C11B7EEFE4458F5" box="[361,419,1429,1455]" name="Laos" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Laos</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76269FFCC2CD5B7EEFD8258F5" box="[429,613,1429,1455]" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Houaphan Prov.</collectingRegion>
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,
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26269FFCC2E6DB7EEFC9458F5" box="[789,883,1429,1455]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="20.2">N20°12'</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26269FFCC2E00B7EFFC0458F5" box="[888,995,1428,1455]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="103.98333">E103°59'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD66AD06269FFCC2E96B7EEFB6B58F5" box="[1006,1164,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1200.0">
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<elevation id="000320066269FFCC2E96B7EEFB6B58F5" box="[1006,1164,1429,1455]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1900 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B91C7356269FFCC2DBFB7A6FDA15BF1" blockId="47.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DBFB7A6FE8958AC" bold="true" box="[199,366,1500,1527]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Type material</emphasis>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686269FFCC2C04B7A6FA6F5B65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871389" collectingDate="2012-05-18" collectingDateMax="2012-06-02" collectingDateMin="2012-05-18" collectorName="Collectors Lgt." country="Laos" elevation="1550" latitude="20.12" location="MT. Phu Pane" longitude="103.59" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Houaphan" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2C04B7A6FE0E58AD" bold="true" box="[380,489,1501,1527]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
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<typeStatus id="549579976269FFCC2C04B7A6FE0E58AD" box="[380,489,1501,1527]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(IZAS,
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<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2F3DB7A6FD4958AD" box="[581,686,1501,1527]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
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): female, body length =
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<quantity id="4CD66AD06269FFCC2EC5B7A7FBF258AD" box="[957,1045,1500,1527]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="8.5">8.5 mm</quantity>
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, board mounted, "NE
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<collectingCountry id="F33987A56269FFCC2877B7A6FABF58AD" box="[1295,1368,1501,1527]" name="Laos" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">LAOS</collectingCountry>
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/
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<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76269FFCC2816B7A6FEF35B41" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Hua Phan Prov.</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="8EF191EE6269FFCC2C67B47AFE595B41" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038776236269FFD22DEFB755FEF85F97:8EF191EE6269FFCC2C67B47AFE595B41" box="[287,446,1537,1563]" country="Laos" latitude="103.98333" name="MT. Phu Pane" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" stateProvince="Houaphan">MT. Phu Pane</location>
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/
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<quantity id="4CD66AD06269FFCC2CADB47AFD955B41" box="[469,626,1537,1563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1200.0">
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<elevation id="000320066269FFCC2CADB47AFD955B41" box="[469,626,1537,1563]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="1550.0" valueMax="1900.0" valueMin="1200.0">1200–1900 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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||
<date id="FF90E1F56269FFCC2F06B47AFCD35B41" box="[638,820,1537,1563]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2012-05-18" valueMax="2012-06-02" valueMin="2012-05-18">
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<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6269FFCC2F06B47AFCD35B41" box="[638,820,1537,1563]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2012-05-18" valueMax="2012-06-02" valueMin="2012-05-18">18.V.-2.VI.2012</collectingDate>
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</date>
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/
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26269FFCC2E32B47AFC415B41" box="[842,934,1537,1563]" degrees="20" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="20.12">20°12'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26269FFCC2ED6B47BFBF15B41" box="[942,1046,1536,1563]" degrees="103" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="103.98333">103°59'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/ St Jakl and Lao
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||
<collectorName id="26DBA2E36269FFCC2999B47AFA685B41" box="[1249,1423,1537,1563]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Collectors Lgt.</collectorName>
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||
", "HOLOTYPE /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66269FFCC2C37B45EFDA95B65" box="[335,590,1573,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bothynoptera">Parena (Bothynoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ heteronycha
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6269FFCC2F80B45EFCB75B65" box="[760,848,1573,1599]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ des. Shi H.L. 2022" [red label] <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC29A6B45EFA6F5B65" box="[1246,1416,1573,1599]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 26C, 26D</figureCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B46CD686269FFCC2DEFB432FDC85BF1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4115871317" collectingDate="2010-06-25" country="Laos" location="LAOS" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DEFB432FEEA5B39" bold="true" box="[151,269,1609,1635]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549579976269FFCC2DEFB432FEEF5B39" box="[151,264,1609,1635]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D280CBC6269FFCC2C6FB432FE9C5B39" box="[279,379,1609,1635]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
(CRS), "
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56269FFCC2C90B432FDD65B39" box="[488,561,1609,1635]" name="Laos" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">LAOS</collectingCountry>
|
||
NE / PHU PANE prov. / BAN SALUEI 900–1400 M / 10.-
|
||
<date id="FF90E1F56269FFCC299CB433FABC5B39" box="[1252,1371,1608,1635]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2010-06-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFD4181D6269FFCC299CB433FABC5B39" box="[1252,1371,1608,1635]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" value="2010-06-25">25.6.2010</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
/ ST. JAKL LGT. ", "PARATYPE /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66269FFCC2C93B416FD0E5BDD" box="[491,745,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Bothynoptera">Parena (Bothynoptera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ heteronycha
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6269FFCC2EF7B416FC015BDD" box="[911,998,1645,1671]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ des. Shi H.L. 2022" [red label] <
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2813B416FF525BF1" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1555,1579]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,887,1528]" captionTargetId="figure-419@11.[151,1436,885,1532]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Elytral base (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sumatra. B P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. C P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Taiwan. D P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Beijing. E P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Guangxi. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. Scale bars = 0.5mm (a for fig. D, b for figs A B E F, c for fig. C). Abbreviations: bp elytral basal pore; sa the apex of scutellum; d1 the first discal setigerous pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958945/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2DB9B4EBFF395BF1" box="[193,222,1680,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1858,1882]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetId="figure-28@12.[185,1402,181,1834]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 5. Elytral apex (left) of Parena spp. A P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Cameroon. B P. (Parena) ruficornis sp. n., Central Africa, paratype. C P. (Parena) valeriae Facchini, holotype. D P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. E P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Japan. H P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Beijing. J P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Japan. Scale bars = 0.5mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958947" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958947/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">5F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2D92B4EAFEEF5BF1" box="[234,264,1681,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,724,748]" captionTargetBox="[209,1380,181,700]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[199,1388,181,700]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. A Hind wing, P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Beijing, scale bar = 1mm. Abbreviations: oc oblongum cell; wc wedge cell. B–G Tarsals claws of right hindlegs for Metallicina spp., scale bar = 0.2mm: B Pachycallida rufoplagiata Jeannel, Madagascar, Sept Lacs, female. C Metallica viridipennis Chaudoir, Cameroon, Bois des Singes, male. D P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. E P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Nepal. F P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n., Laos, paratype. G P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Vietnam. H Protibia of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), scale bar = 0.5 mm. I Mesotarsomeres of male of P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), adhesive hairs present on mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm. J Mesotarsomeres of male for P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), adhesive hairs absent from mesotarsomere 1, scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958949" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958949/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">6F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2C6BB4EAFEA35BF1" box="[275,324,1681,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="18.[151,250,150,174]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[155,1432,181,1971]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 11. Gonocoxites (left side) of ovipositor for Parena spp., ventral side (dorsal side for fig. Q). A–J subgenus Bothynoptera: A P. (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp.n., Laos, paratype. B P. (Bothynoptera) dorsigera (Schaum), Shaanxi. C P. (Bothynoptera) kurosai Habu, Guangdong. D P. (Bothynoptera) tesari (Jedlička), Taiwan. E P. (Bothynoptera) taiwana Hua, Taiwan. F P. (Bothynoptera) tripunctata (Bates), Shaanxi. G P. (Bothynoptera) malaisei (Andrewes), Taiwan. H P. (Bothynoptera) quadrisignata Mateu, Yunnan. I P. (Bothynoptera) emarginata sp. n., holotype. J P. (Bothynoptera) triguttata sp. n., Sichuan, paratype. K–X subgenus Parena: K P. (Parena) bicolor Motschulsky, Sulawesi. L P. (Parena) rubripicta Andrewes, Yunnan. M P. (Parena) fasciata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. N P. (Parena) nigrolineata (Chaudoir), Taiwan. O P. (Parena) picipes sp. n., Borneo, paratype. P P. (Parena) andrewesi Jedlička, Philippine. Q P. (Parena) politissima (Chaudoir), Vanuatu. R P. (Parena) latecincta (Bates), Guizhou. S P. (Parena) circumdata Shibata, Taiwan. T P. (Parena) pendleburyi Andrewes, Borneo. U P. (Parena) fulva sp. n., Zimbabwe, paratype. V P. (Parena) madagascariensis (Alluaud), Madagascar. W P. (Parena) ruficornis sp.n., CentralAfrica, paratype. X P. (Parena) africana (Alluaud), Uganda. Y–γ subgenus Crossoglossa: Y P. (Crossoglossa) cavipennis (Bates), Taiwan. Z P. (Crossoglossa) laesipennis (Bates), Yunnan. α P. (Crossoglossa) testacea (Chaudoir), Zhejiang. β P. (Crossoglossa) sulawesiensis Kirschenhofer, Sulawesi. γ P. (Crossoglossa) sciakyi sp. n., holotype. Scale bar = 0.2mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963954" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963954/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06269FFCC2C28B4EAFDC85BF1" box="[336,559,1681,1707]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">26B, 26E, 26F, 26G</figureCitation>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
>.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6269FFCC2DBFB4CFFB855AFD" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356269FFCC2DBFB4CFFD195A05" blockId="47.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DBFB4CFFE2C5B95" bold="true" box="[199,459,1716,1743]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Diagnostic characters</emphasis>
|
||
. Elytra gradually turned from dark brown at base to light yellow at apex; elytra dorsal pores forming black umbilicular spots, in sharp contrast with yellow background; pronotum lateral margins strongly sinuate before posterior angles; pronotum base and sixth interval of elytra with small humps; mandibles moderately widened with strongly extended apical hooks; claws asymmetric: outer claw normal, inner claw elongate with pectinations restricted on basal half (opposite for prolegs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356269FFCC2DBFB513FB855AFD" blockId="47.[151,1437,1500,2031]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DBFB513FE815AD8" bold="true" box="[199,358,1896,1922]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
. The new species is conspicuous in the genus, and different from other congenetic species by its distinctive color, asymmetric claws, and many other special features mentioned above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6269FFD22DBFB5CBFEE05C8B" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356269FFD22DBFB5CBFEE05C8B" blockId="47.[151,1437,1500,2031]" lastBlockId="49.[151,1437,151,717]" lastPageId="49" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2DBFB5CBFEB65A90" bold="true" box="[199,337,1968,1994]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Body length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD66AD06269FFCC2C95B5CBFD915A91" box="[493,630,1968,1995]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="8.6" valueMax="8.7" valueMin="8.5">8.5–8.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
; body relatively narrow in the genus, elytra subconvex, widened to apex; dorsum without microsculpture.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276269FFCC2F76B5AFFDB05AB4" bold="true" box="[526,599,2004,2030]" pageId="47" pageNumber="48">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
Head dark brown, clypeus, frons, and genae distinctly lighter; antennae largely light yellow, antennomere 1 slightly darkened; labrum dark brown; mandibles yellow, gradually darkened to apex; mentum yellow, terminal labial and maxillary palpomeres black with yellow apex, other palpomeres yellowish brown. Pronotum dark brown with pale yellow narrow lateral margins. Elytra base dark brown, gradually turned to pale yellow before middle, background of apical half evenly pale yellow; elytral dorsal pores black, forming dark umbilicular spots in sharp contrast with light background; epipleura same color as elytra. Scutellum dark brown. Prosternum light yellow with darker lateral sides; venter of meso- and metathorax dark brown; abdominal sternite yellow, basal two segments slightly darker. Legs pale yellow, meso- and metafemora with dark brown and light yellow stripes, setose area near mesotibiae apex dark brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32E51B761FC88586E" bold="true" box="[809,879,1306,1332]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Vertex finely punctate and rugose, occiput finely punctate; eyes large and strongly prominent; tempora very short, abruptly narrowed behind eyes, length of tempora plus neck-constriction one-third of diameter of eye; postgenae with a pair of short suborbital setae, suborbital setae about one-third as long as supraorbital ones. Antennae slightly exceeding pronotum base. Labrum quadrate; mandibles distinctly longer than other species of the genus, lateral margins moderately widened at middle, apical hooks extended and pointed, not evidently turned inward, retinacular ridge of right mandible about two-thirds length of terebral ridge; mentum with a pair of very short median setae, lateral lobes short and narrow, inner margins strongly oblique, outer margins slightly curved, epilobes rather wide.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32E3FB46DFC275B6A" bold="true" box="[839,960,1558,1584]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
narrow, PW/PL = 1.19–1.20, slightly narrower than head, PW/HW = 0.88–0.92; widest at anterior third, constricted to base and then widened, posterior margin only slightly narrower than widest point; lateral explanations narrow; lateral margins slightly rounded at anterior half, and then strongly sinuate before posterior angles; posterior angles acute, sharply pointed outwards, apex rounded; anterior margin nearly straight at middle; posterior margin oblique at sides. Disc convex, with very fine and sparse punctures and transverse wrinkles, with a pair of small humps near base; median line interrupted at middle, forming shallow dimples near anterior and posterior ends.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32EF8B495FC2B5A52" bold="true" box="[896,972,1774,1800]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Elytra</emphasis>
|
||
uneven at base, interval 6 with two small humps at basal quarter and middle, interval 8 shallowly uneven through its length. Striae not incised, replaced by rows of very fine punctures; intervals with fine and sparse punctures. Elytral basal pore present on base of first stria; interval 3 with three large discal pores in black color: first one on a level much behind scutellar apex, adjacent to stria 3, second one on middle, adjacent to stria 3, third one largest, on apical twelfth; interval 9 with 21–22 umbilicular pores, with six or seven small ones near outer apical angles yellow, the others larger and black; interval 7 with one black pore near apex. Apical truncation distinct, nearly straight; outer apical angles distinct; sutural angles slightly pointed, forming short denticles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD22F15B2ECFD425DEB" bold="true" box="[621,677,151,177]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
. Metatarsomere 4 asymmetrically bilobed, outer lobe much longer than inner one; tarsomere 5 slightly longer and slenderer than in other species of the genus, with lobes of tarsomere 4 only reaching its basal third; claws asymmetrical: inner claw of meso- and meta-legs longer than outer one (opposite for prolegs), with seven or eight pectinations restricted to basal half of claw and shorter than those on outer claw, apical half smooth and elongated; outer claws as in other species, with seven or eight longer pectinations.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD2283DB35CFA725C1B" bold="true" box="[1349,1429,295,321]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Venter</emphasis>
|
||
. Metasternum densely and shortly setose; abdominal sternite III to VI with a few accessory setae; in females, apex of abdominal sternite VII straight, with two setae on each side.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD22E3DB314FBEC5CD2" bold="true" box="[837,1035,366,393]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
. Gonocoxite II of ovipositor nearly quadrate, length slightly greater than basal width, apex curved, with six ensiform setae nearly evenly arranged. Male unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5197BD6276FFD32DEFB1C8FAA55EAA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" startId="48.[151,250,947,971]" targetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" targetPageId="48" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356276FFD32DEFB1C8FAA55EAA" blockId="48.[151,1436,947,1008]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32DEFB1C8FEFE5E91" bold="true" box="[151,281,947,971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 26</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2EBCB66276FFD32C5FB1CFFD735E96" authority="Shi & Liang, 2023" authorityName="Shi & Liang" authorityYear="2023" box="[295,660,948,972]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Parena" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heteronycha" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Bothynoptera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32C5FB1CFFE965E91" box="[295,369,948,971]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Parena</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32C07B1CFFDEE5E96" box="[383,521,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Bothynoptera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32F60B1CFFD735E96" box="[536,660,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">heteronycha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32FE3B1CFFD0A5E91" bold="true" box="[667,749,947,972]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A269A65C6276FFD32FE3B1CFFD335E96" box="[667,724,948,972]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of holotype.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32EB2B1CFFC3C5E96" bold="true" box="[970,987,948,972]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of paratype.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD329CFB1C8FB2E5E91" bold="true" box="[1207,1225,947,971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
|
||
Mouthparts of holotype.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32DB7B1A3FF065EAA" bold="true" box="[207,225,984,1008]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
|
||
Labels of holotype.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32CCBB1A3FE235EAA" bold="true" box="[435,452,984,1008]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E</emphasis>
|
||
Metatarsus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32F3EB1A3FDB25EAA" bold="true" box="[582,597,984,1008]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">F</emphasis>
|
||
Mesotarsus.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276276FFD32FA3B1ACFD085EB5" bold="true" box="[731,751,983,1007]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">G</emphasis>
|
||
Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6277FFD22DBFB3A1FB7C5F43" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356277FFD22DBFB3A1FB7C5F43" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD22DBFB3A1FEBE5CAE" bold="true" box="[199,345,474,500]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06277FFD22C12B3A0FE5F5CAF" box="[362,440,474,501]" captionStart="MAP 5" captionStartId="47.[152,211,1220,1244]" captionTargetBox="[170,1418,417,1196]" captionTargetId="figure-130@47.[170,1418,417,1196]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="MAP 5. Distributions for species in the Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha group and Parena (Bothynoptera) taiwana group." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7963667" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7963667/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Map 5</figureCitation>
|
||
, red). Only known from NE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33987A56277FFD22E7DB3A0FCD95CAF" box="[773,830,475,501]" name="Laos" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EA09D76277FFD22E33B3A0FBC95CAF" box="[843,1070,475,501]" country="Laos" name="Houaphan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Houaphan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Localities of two known specimens are very close to each other, both not far from Ban Saleuy (20°13'30"
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1AA1F26277FFD22EA6B384FB9C5F43" box="[990,1147,510,537]" degrees="103" direction="north" minutes="59" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="26" value="103.990555">N 103°59'26"</geoCoordinate>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6277FFD22DBFB058FCB65F3B" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356277FFD22DBFB058FCB65F3B" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD22DBFB058FEAF5F67" bold="true" box="[199,328,547,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. The scientific name of the new species is composed of two Greek roots, "
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD22904B058FB2B5F67" box="[1148,1228,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">hetero-</emphasis>
|
||
" meaning unequal and "
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD22DAAB03CFEF95F3B" box="[210,286,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">onych-</emphasis>
|
||
" meaning claw, referring to its asymmetric claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33494BE6277FFD22DBFB010FEF85F97" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B91C7356277FFD22DBFB010FEF85F97" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95A1B276277FFD22DBFB010FED35FDF" bold="true" box="[199,308,619,645]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The highly derived external features of this species, in particular the elongated mandible apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06277FFD22817B010FF205FF3" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and asymmetric claws (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1315DBB06277FFD22CA3B0F4FD855FF3" box="[475,610,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 26" captionStartId="48.[151,250,947,971]" captionTargetBox="[174,1420,191,917]" captionTargetId="figure-28@48.[167,1420,181,924]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 26. Parena (Bothynoptera) heteronycha sp. n. A Habitus of holotype. B Habitus of paratype. C Mouthparts of holotype. D Labels of holotype. E Metatarsus. F Mesotarsus. G Protarsus. Scale bars = 2 mm for A, B; 0.5mm for E, F, G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7958991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7958991/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 26E–G</figureCitation>
|
||
), suggest a specialized habitat. However, no biology data are available for this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |