treatments-xml/data/A9/EE/97/A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E.xml
2024-06-21 12:47:07 +02:00

151 lines
16 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="C2376F1753CFDB792114DE5719CC5CC2" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.461.8377" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0e4b701e-75de-45e2-89dc-223d460e755d" ID-PMC="PMC4283717" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-461-1" ID-PubMed="25561859" ID-ZooBank="350663FDE2024E61968548B2109EDFF8" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-461-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 461" ModsDocTitle="A synopsis of the genus Ethmia Hübner in Costa Rica: biology, distribution, and description of 22 new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Depressariidae, Ethmiinae), with emphasis on the 42 species known from Área de Conservación Guanacaste" checkinTime="1451244993677" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Phillips-Rodriguez, Eugenie, Powell, Jerry A., Hallwachs, Winnie &amp; Janzen, Daniel H." docDate="2014" docId="A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 461: 1-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 461" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.461.8377" docTitle="Ethmia baliostola Walsingham" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFD67D05FF9E2613FFE7FFFAA724FFAC" masterDocTitle="A synopsis of the genus Ethmia Huebner in Costa Rica: biology, distribution, and description of 22 new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Depressariidae, Ethmiinae), with emphasis on the 42 species known from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1701317000312" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="AE79FC2ECB748F2F6288356B98FF1DF2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="FF83743F40D75FF4857E23475F2C2AB9">
<mods:title id="35630CA474DADB9BFDEE51D6C877749A">A synopsis of the genus Ethmia Huebner in Costa Rica: biology, distribution, and description of 22 new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Depressariidae, Ethmiinae), with emphasis on the 42 species known from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="4F3239CBB6149DAA1FF01F975DB45865" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2F3A747DE4B6FB9D054E4F2D4CFC33A0">
<mods:roleTerm id="F4251F11C452F495EB53B8B4E9328305">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="AFBA6F15E63A8519467E600C255CDA52">Phillips-Rodriguez, Eugenie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="BFCF87364D7D38AD29D4CE83FAFA12DF" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3267DC6A4BC97475C7EF3179ACAD83B3">
<mods:roleTerm id="0A2798B8FCAD7F20C41F8B04E0E5F31A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EC9FED1432FBBBD4C224349BA26036F1">Powell, Jerry A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C0112B26A25CE6D9235C0F5A6EB62620" type="personal">
<mods:role id="02AB0F008D3F6430287200629D3A92FF">
<mods:roleTerm id="315FD80F45BED966BEE7C35692E683A0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="68DAAFD55E295D4119FDB0236A2BC236">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="873E64277C3F8123D6DACC67EFCB2D17" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7999AA11605E5937D3FF64301814E30E">
<mods:roleTerm id="0C40F596D81E71C6144E71075A3085F9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="899571DA0227514FFE4E4954B16152F0">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AED2CC8A7F37C03808676DA15E45BC68">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="02DE5680EAA790376B2ECC54E4988814" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="674C72F23AE706C5C3237FD92BFC2F7B">
<mods:title id="D00D6DB978B55F44A35ADE561CC06779">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="6A7098719219129CFAF0AD5E8BC04027">
<mods:date id="2072FD8AEC59B381D75E6F49CAB243ED">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="51830F82BE7637A97DF90B1EBC9E59A8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="CE4279E82BEE77920F2E8333E048F32C">461</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A0D4A0D78DBC87BDE64D09F85CC33E93" unit="page">
<mods:start id="EFCC6B0F55EB4F62B1018783BE7BA614">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="55DAA9E2802F6A0FC9B38DE1BD6CE76A">86</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="5CAED187904AF2B4B876CD44175870E6">
<mods:url id="65C6BB9CB53F500FDE535478432B7FCF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.461.8377</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="3012DCE1C6987B7B36F44D5784E1B0A3">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="55A8AE77773E848CCD197014B39E4F4B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.461.8377</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="90F00A2847A5450AF6531B96D5D1BA79" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-461-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="550AE08C774B522BAAE2DC4191849A9E" type="ZooBank">350663FDE2024E61968548B2109EDFF8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192935963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="A3FFA836A30B9D1414ADCA2ADF055252" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="30477113B1684B46F38E21125A74D119" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Depressariidae</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="72FAE369E9AADA2678860778A169B12C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D1567BC13D196622FF89955B88D2AA8C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="EE70E6C9DF277806DD559418B158482F" ID-CoL="3BLCT" authority="Walsingham" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola Walsingham</taxonomicName>
Figures 19, 64, 109, 141, 154
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="094101C58B376DEBE5A5716382CE928B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="ECE8ACB119990A7B6C8A187315E9A681" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="A1377C5BF7D4FAAB90CEDB08FFD667DE" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
Walsingham, 1912: 144.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E25E4DE0E9858DC4977894BAAFA8D51" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="28E887EC1C965383FE02DCD1DE3F2CE3" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostoma">Ethmia baliostoma</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="63DA5E0D392BE3BAC4AF55D534A4F96E" author="Busck, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 67" title="New genera and species of Microlepidoptera from Panama." volume="47" year="1914">Busck 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 54 [spelling error].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AED55B0CD302E0B90D79C93D1872D2BA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="16DE4156FC656ADD1323CF9B2BDD0061" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FF38EE6B8954DD933EE91F89A89A33E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="73D25D096C78342F62AFA2DF774AD169" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
is similar to several other gray-streaked species in Costa Rica but is distinguished externally by its large size.
<taxonomicName id="B1B3899C76738B093E60C07F0B3A9DF1" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia lichyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichyi">Ethmia lichyi</taxonomicName>
is the only other gray species of comparable size, and can be distinguished by the number of spots on the dorsal thorax (8 in
<taxonomicName id="7361BEBECD352F8A14471AAB7574D54B" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
, and 6 in
<taxonomicName id="C2D754F949D328A5060E765E8373EB5A" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia lichyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichyi">Ethmia lichyi</taxonomicName>
). The presence of a whitish double costal brush on the hindwing in
<taxonomicName id="983D4943412575B8BFF18A17265817C2" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
distinguishes it from other similar species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="12965C80D17F673BBD849B20BF948A3D" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="6293A98C522F9C67465391681F5175B5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<pageBreakToken id="4F37C7A5107CAA39E13281D2FEC52499" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="610767C6D64743673D80B20879EDF557" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Male: FW length 11.3-13.6 mm (n = 5). Head: Labial palpus elongated surpassing base of antenna, white scaling with blackish rings in segments II and III; proboscis, frons and crown whitish. Thorax: Dorsal scaling whitish, pronotum with paired blackish spots near collar, under tegula, at apices of tegula and at sides of scutellum, a single spot at middorsum. FW ground color light brown with irregular dark brown elongated markings; base of FW at posterior half without such markings; terminal line composed of ten blackish dots from before costa to tornus. HW ground color whitish becoming brownish at margin; costal brush divided at base. Abdomen: Dorsal scaling brown, ventral light brown. Genitalia (Fig. 64) with uncus not well defined, hoodlike, membranous; gnathos rudimentary; apex of valva produced into a lobe with a
<normalizedToken id="BCFD026818FD8A81F1DFEB43B5B88D1D" originalValue="“plume”">&quot;plume&quot;</normalizedToken>
exteriorly, distal end of sacculus with row of spines of different lengths, sacculus with a protruded spine at 0.5
<normalizedToken id="9F3ADC121CC3EAC6DA9A7E9CE3C03895" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
from base.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1C2FB68B13B115922E68BE8818BE768F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female: FW length 13.6-14.3 mm (n = 4). Head and thorax: As described for male, except by HW not modified and the yellow genital scaling reduced. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 109) with posterior apophyses long, sterigma simple; ductus with a long, strongly sclerotized antrum; signum a four pointed star covered with minute spines and a row of larger teeth in the longitudinal axis.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C297C1AE0C269F3EDD2C4BE3F6083B71" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">
<paragraph id="03AB644A985DA5CE6BACC553A5CFBEAB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6ED616FDA24478A77C1A259EA01120EE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male: Costa Rica, Banana River, March 1906, USNM Type No. 68203 [USNM, examined].</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDB840D1BFEA6E5B52E40755350ED006" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution and biology">
<paragraph id="4B02E60A925448E687D3795E4FF46385" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B14D1B9CD4F6E0A7B5C54DA8D093C04" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
This species has been recorded from southern Mexico to northwestern South America (coast of Colombia). In Costa Rica (Fig. 154)
<taxonomicName id="9B4797280D2F20B8052B115D6847B1F4" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
has been found in the lowlands of the Caribbean (Tortuguero,
<normalizedToken id="31F3955DEFF144AC6A9853DBAEA4E083" originalValue="Sarapiquí">Sarapiqui</normalizedToken>
), on both slopes of Cordillera de Guanacaste and Cordillera de
<normalizedToken id="FD0787FCC716C3D172C1C28BDDA7087E" originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
from 600 to 1000 m and
<normalizedToken id="03285F69B6D3DFB3D8A4640CBEAC0DA8" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
de Osa, from 0 to 900 m elevation. It occurs in ACG rain forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A9C58B8C28D884DCD7888F16159B5E37" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="food plant records">
<paragraph id="465409D82CE02C6F3AC9862217D12EBF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Food plant records.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F1079B3237A70D4FD379128C482EC27" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="65CF3A17E85FDC182C146F41F7F6E3BB" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
has been reared from larvae feeding on
<taxonomicName id="82030E67A1C308EAAD65883EF426F352" family="Boraginaceae" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="740064392E7A3807325EF75ECAD40198" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Bourreria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bourreria oxyphylla" order="Boraginales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyphylla">Bourreria oxyphylla</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C1CB9AB8C7B983DE7802A9C53F4FCB76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Bourreria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bourreria costaricensis" order="Boraginales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricensis">Bourreria costaricensis</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F5328288CD1093B157F0E22EE312261B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="immature stages">
<paragraph id="193BBCC476989FEFC6024125BF0C3029" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Immature stages</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D44EE6521CB4C8127C3E4FA4624C350" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(Fig. 141). Dorsum: Head black, thoracic shield black-reddish anteriorly, T2 black, T3 white, A1, A2, A4, A7, A9 black with white spots evenly spaced; A3, A5, A8 white, A6 black, A10 black with middle white dot. Lateral: black with white short streaks in each segment.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D495ACEAB0EB4403EEDCE75FF68CA01B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="parasitoids">
<paragraph id="C01E1346C5CA8BF7DA1F25BF688F93D9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parasitoids.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52393886DB7F4EE92F7DF9B0482A972B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="6C28D9488119B2A5B23D2AB81A11E726" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="53BD4046CABADDB2923F4BA2797ED066" family="Tachinidae" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="DDEF26B5DC0901539B3DB9CD4B66563A" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemisturmia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hemisturmia</taxonomicName>
Janzen03 (n = 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>