151 lines
16 KiB
XML
151 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="35630CA474DADB9BFDEE51D6C877749A">A synopsis of the genus Ethmia Huebner in Costa Rica: biology, distribution, and description of 22 new species (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Depressariidae, Ethmiinae), with emphasis on the 42 species known from Area de Conservacion Guanacaste</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AFBA6F15E63A8519467E600C255CDA52">Phillips-Rodriguez, Eugenie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EC9FED1432FBBBD4C224349BA26036F1">Powell, Jerry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68DAAFD55E295D4119FDB0236A2BC236">Hallwachs, Winnie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="899571DA0227514FFE4E4954B16152F0">Janzen, Daniel H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2072FD8AEC59B381D75E6F49CAB243ED">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="51830F82BE7637A97DF90B1EBC9E59A8" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CE4279E82BEE77920F2E8333E048F32C">461</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="55DAA9E2802F6A0FC9B38DE1BD6CE76A">86</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="65C6BB9CB53F500FDE535478432B7FCF">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.461.8377</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="55A8AE77773E848CCD197014B39E4F4B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.461.8377</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="192935963" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9EE973D9C3D62092E31D631A7D82D2E" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="A3FFA836A30B9D1414ADCA2ADF055252" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="30477113B1684B46F38E21125A74D119" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Taxon classification Animalia Lepidoptera Depressariidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="72FAE369E9AADA2678860778A169B12C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D1567BC13D196622FF89955B88D2AA8C" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="EE70E6C9DF277806DD559418B158482F" ID-CoL="3BLCT" authority="Walsingham" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola Walsingham</taxonomicName>
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Figures 19, 64, 109, 141, 154
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="094101C58B376DEBE5A5716382CE928B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="ECE8ACB119990A7B6C8A187315E9A681" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="A1377C5BF7D4FAAB90CEDB08FFD667DE" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
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Walsingham, 1912: 144.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5E25E4DE0E9858DC4977894BAAFA8D51" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="28E887EC1C965383FE02DCD1DE3F2CE3" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostoma" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostoma">Ethmia baliostoma</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="63DA5E0D392BE3BAC4AF55D534A4F96E" author="Busck, A" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="1 - 67" title="New genera and species of Microlepidoptera from Panama." volume="47" year="1914">Busck 1914</bibRefCitation>
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: 54 [spelling error].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AED55B0CD302E0B90D79C93D1872D2BA" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="16DE4156FC656ADD1323CF9B2BDD0061" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9FF38EE6B8954DD933EE91F89A89A33E" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="73D25D096C78342F62AFA2DF774AD169" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
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is similar to several other gray-streaked species in Costa Rica but is distinguished externally by its large size.
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<taxonomicName id="B1B3899C76738B093E60C07F0B3A9DF1" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia lichyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichyi">Ethmia lichyi</taxonomicName>
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is the only other gray species of comparable size, and can be distinguished by the number of spots on the dorsal thorax (8 in
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<taxonomicName id="7361BEBECD352F8A14471AAB7574D54B" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
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, and 6 in
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<taxonomicName id="C2D754F949D328A5060E765E8373EB5A" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia lichyi" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lichyi">Ethmia lichyi</taxonomicName>
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). The presence of a whitish double costal brush on the hindwing in
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<taxonomicName id="983D4943412575B8BFF18A17265817C2" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
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distinguishes it from other similar species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="12965C80D17F673BBD849B20BF948A3D" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6293A98C522F9C67465391681F5175B5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<pageBreakToken id="4F37C7A5107CAA39E13281D2FEC52499" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="610767C6D64743673D80B20879EDF557" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Male: FW length 11.3-13.6 mm (n = 5). Head: Labial palpus elongated surpassing base of antenna, white scaling with blackish rings in segments II and III; proboscis, frons and crown whitish. Thorax: Dorsal scaling whitish, pronotum with paired blackish spots near collar, under tegula, at apices of tegula and at sides of scutellum, a single spot at middorsum. FW ground color light brown with irregular dark brown elongated markings; base of FW at posterior half without such markings; terminal line composed of ten blackish dots from before costa to tornus. HW ground color whitish becoming brownish at margin; costal brush divided at base. Abdomen: Dorsal scaling brown, ventral light brown. Genitalia (Fig. 64) with uncus not well defined, hoodlike, membranous; gnathos rudimentary; apex of valva produced into a lobe with a
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<normalizedToken id="BCFD026818FD8A81F1DFEB43B5B88D1D" originalValue="“plume”">"plume"</normalizedToken>
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exteriorly, distal end of sacculus with row of spines of different lengths, sacculus with a protruded spine at 0.5
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<normalizedToken id="9F3ADC121CC3EAC6DA9A7E9CE3C03895" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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from base.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1C2FB68B13B115922E68BE8818BE768F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female: FW length 13.6-14.3 mm (n = 4). Head and thorax: As described for male, except by HW not modified and the yellow genital scaling reduced. Abdomen: Genitalia (Fig. 109) with posterior apophyses long, sterigma simple; ductus with a long, strongly sclerotized antrum; signum a four pointed star covered with minute spines and a row of larger teeth in the longitudinal axis.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C297C1AE0C269F3EDD2C4BE3F6083B71" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="03AB644A985DA5CE6BACC553A5CFBEAB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6ED616FDA24478A77C1A259EA01120EE" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male: Costa Rica, Banana River, March 1906, USNM Type No. 68203 [USNM, examined].</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BDB840D1BFEA6E5B52E40755350ED006" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution and biology">
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<paragraph id="4B02E60A925448E687D3795E4FF46385" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4B14D1B9CD4F6E0A7B5C54DA8D093C04" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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This species has been recorded from southern Mexico to northwestern South America (coast of Colombia). In Costa Rica (Fig. 154)
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<taxonomicName id="9B4797280D2F20B8052B115D6847B1F4" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
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has been found in the lowlands of the Caribbean (Tortuguero,
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<normalizedToken id="31F3955DEFF144AC6A9853DBAEA4E083" originalValue="Sarapiquí">Sarapiqui</normalizedToken>
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), on both slopes of Cordillera de Guanacaste and Cordillera de
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<normalizedToken id="FD0787FCC716C3D172C1C28BDDA7087E" originalValue="Tilarán">Tilaran</normalizedToken>
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from 600 to 1000 m and
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<normalizedToken id="03285F69B6D3DFB3D8A4640CBEAC0DA8" originalValue="Península">Peninsula</normalizedToken>
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de Osa, from 0 to 900 m elevation. It occurs in ACG rain forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A9C58B8C28D884DCD7888F16159B5E37" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="food plant records">
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<paragraph id="465409D82CE02C6F3AC9862217D12EBF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Food plant records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4F1079B3237A70D4FD379128C482EC27" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="65CF3A17E85FDC182C146F41F7F6E3BB" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Ethmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ethmia baliostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baliostola">Ethmia baliostola</taxonomicName>
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has been reared from larvae feeding on
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<taxonomicName id="82030E67A1C308EAAD65883EF426F352" family="Boraginaceae" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="740064392E7A3807325EF75ECAD40198" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Bourreria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bourreria oxyphylla" order="Boraginales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxyphylla">Bourreria oxyphylla</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C1CB9AB8C7B983DE7802A9C53F4FCB76" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Bourreria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bourreria costaricensis" order="Boraginales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricensis">Bourreria costaricensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5328288CD1093B157F0E22EE312261B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="immature stages">
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<paragraph id="193BBCC476989FEFC6024125BF0C3029" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Immature stages</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9D44EE6521CB4C8127C3E4FA4624C350" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">(Fig. 141). Dorsum: Head black, thoracic shield black-reddish anteriorly, T2 black, T3 white, A1, A2, A4, A7, A9 black with white spots evenly spaced; A3, A5, A8 white, A6 black, A10 black with middle white dot. Lateral: black with white short streaks in each segment.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D495ACEAB0EB4403EEDCE75FF68CA01B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="parasitoids">
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<paragraph id="C01E1346C5CA8BF7DA1F25BF688F93D9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Parasitoids.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="52393886DB7F4EE92F7DF9B0482A972B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="6C28D9488119B2A5B23D2AB81A11E726" lsidName="" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="order">Diptera</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="53BD4046CABADDB2923F4BA2797ED066" family="Tachinidae" lsidName="" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="family">Tachinidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="DDEF26B5DC0901539B3DB9CD4B66563A" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Hemisturmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hemisturmia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hemisturmia</taxonomicName>
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Janzen03 (n = 4).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |