320 lines
35 KiB
XML
320 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-231-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" ModsDocID="1314-2003-231-1" checkinTime="1693383686345" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Saerkinen, Tiina & Barboza, Gloria E." docDate="2023" docId="A919BD44EA0EB5206A3A51F58CC446CF" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 231: 1-342" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 231" docPubDate="2023-08-29" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894" docTitle="Solanum pygmaeum Cav., Icon. 5: 23, tab. 439. 1799." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="0D762CF99C605B04AF072C867EEB1488" masterDocTitle="A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="342" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1693383686345" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods id="00C64A57A2B0349B1116F86992524CC7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5A30A322465A80B642B0F985F936DA05">
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<mods:title id="0E2F84B829EE75ADBA25F80177FE1D6F">A revision of the South American species of the Morelloid clade (Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FA5AA84A7CF7BB552468C25E32FE3DDC" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3F5FBBCA74603E35E03DD9783B3058E0">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EE5A861085C7795799564DFCFFBDF9AA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D34AD3E9923B85052F81F3A57CB3F5BE">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="ED3E16D26EA89AB07AB0D640AE5765CC" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3B116E70D5C935BE0281D4DACDC29C36">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5DA48B98A63913EACB6DB8F74F294B97">Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AF7B5CAD4F1F1A4EE3EAE0571514B68" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-3093</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB54F5545050E1DD8143F52268016A16">Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E1D25DD811480AA3087F2F5FA1F1A9FF">Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="61C052C0B38DD36D76223A3F3F938C69" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="830E02EA2F4DC527829B69CCD3CBC4E6">Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="631595977D6C5801B2944243DAE6546F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="179D37E2B48683B6B0641F8056AEA942">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DD9C995869EC9C6B6BFF8E823933F4AC">
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<mods:date id="02D5A3DD3777BB8D0A921DE8C91AF54E">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0EF31177F138D502FEB31C2D8A827453">2023-08-29</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="34A7B4F897BD825508249FC395FFD6B3">231</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="82974E12880D65A79A41B7291CD8F1F0">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="992DCA42BE834938C2E27B13960EEE3F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8C25591264A8DE6A5CC09B23E730A111" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A919BD44EA0EB5206A3A51F58CC446CF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A919BD44EA0EB5206A3A51F58CC446CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A919BD44EA0EB5206A3A51F58CC446CF" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="5ADC72FB9AC4698C23A6384E7412C2BA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A835DFB6E28BF3BE5FF0FA86FA68EB5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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45.
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<taxonomicName id="8622C33946EBD91ADBAD5E3F7B58978E" ID-CoL="4Y3WN" ID-ENA="2802712" authority="Cav., Icon. 5: 23, tab. 439. 1799." authorityName="Cav., Icon. 5: 23, tab. 439. 1799." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">Solanum pygmaeum Cav., Icon. 5: 23, tab. 439. 1799.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AF628A4B78C0E37C5649AA3C24AD3F85" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9F75BE55F085FABEEBACF5C3739418D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation id="F5D48A5C090DB1FE07163FF193DC3588" captionStart="Figure 137" captionStartId="F137" captionText="Figure 137. Solanum pygmaeum A habit B flowering branch C flower D calyx E dissected calyx, adaxial surface F dissected flower G stamen, dorsal view H stamen, ventral view I gynoecium J fruit K seed (A-K Bernardello & DiFulvio 476). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in Barboza et al. (2013: 256) and Saerkinen et al. (2018: 130)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure137" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897598" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 137</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="6BB1BF10A09DF20345E3EA9B4157CD56" captionStart="Figure 138" captionStartId="F138" captionText="Figure 138. Solanum pygmaeum A habit B flowering branch C dissected flower D developing fruits (A-D Chiarini 1341). Photos by F. Chiarini. Previously published in Saerkinen et al. (2018: 131)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure138" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897599" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 138</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59739FEE36855F893089CC07B777005C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C0760BC1C9569AA6437149CF6D8AF0F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="961F4BD7D3E13103203F0065591AA740" authorityName="Bonte ex Aellen" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum subsp. var. var. hastatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pygmaeum" subSpecies="var." variety="hastatum">Solanum pygmaeum Cav. var. hastatum</taxonomicName>
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Bonte ex Aellen, Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 50: 236. 1940. Type. Argentina. Buenos Aires: Pergamino, J.A. de la
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<normalizedToken id="407093035DFEE3A7BE93CA70E96C6072" originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
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, 14 Jan 1925,
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<emphasis id="568C26FF75A3ECD6C11A83EA3392A7D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L.R. Parodi 6107</emphasis>
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(lectotype, designated here: BAA [BAA00004675]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6A0DD48B21CED4D84B1FA1CE6D5122EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="FE8BE719775BDF8FAA849812B4D251BD" authorityName="C.V.Morton" authorityYear="1976" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum subsp. var. var. suspensum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pygmaeum" subSpecies="var." variety="suspensum">Solanum pygmaeum Cav. var. suspensum</taxonomicName>
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C.V.Morton, Revis. Argentine Sp. Solanum 138. 1976. Type. Argentina.
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<normalizedToken id="A995AE4B5F3D2BEAB05DCAB926997FDB" originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
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: Alta
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<normalizedToken id="0CFEA1FC508544F5D7BDFDFC2FD98DD3" originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
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, barrio de la ciudad de
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<normalizedToken id="5A466ADDD59C442D59A13216A0866E8A" originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
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,
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<emphasis id="A2A0A17EE919F54F98ADADB454962763" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Stuckert 4713</emphasis>
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(holotype: G; isotypes: CORD [CORD00004273, CORD00004274]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C026F73E4B1272B034B57D8912947DB5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E67E67888E140647F200AD4D136ADA03" authorityName="C.V.Morton" authorityYear="1976" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum deterrimum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="deterrimum">Solanum deterrimum</taxonomicName>
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C.V.Morton, Revis. Argentine Sp. Solanum 138. 1976. Type. Argentina. Buenos Aires: Sierra de la Ventana, 23 Feb 1944,
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<emphasis id="A4230E37D0B7A720B1A0C4D004974B31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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H.
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<normalizedToken id="10B7EED510223A84E88B8167888A1903" originalValue="Ruíz">Ruiz</normalizedToken>
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de Huidrobo 1332
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: A [00077613]; isotypes: NY [00139129], S [acc. # 12-27773], SI [003308, 003307]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DBA171B880068A72F17B18C1FB9E36C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FEAF757BB54A7AC4C1F5507C21B01E8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus id="0EF879EA7900B8CEBFC1A6259E4FAAB9">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9DE35BD4B2AD54D1D32C320706E40FB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation id="D546E3F9E8ABE80190E788CCD05A46F3" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="L. Nee" country="Argentina" location="Buenos Aires" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Buenos Aires" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectingCountry id="AE3F680E86AD5131187549E31C4276E5" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="3D784BADB1BAC272E197037B96941A6C" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
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: "in Pampas de
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<collectingRegion id="4D6EC4DEB2392B1A35D681DBD64E0D66" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires">Buenos Ayres</collectingRegion>
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esquina de Ballesteros", Sep,
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<emphasis id="8EE032F9E98A5EFFF92E63078C7E084E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName id="B7D1F4EF72B400BBB21952603FBA5EEB">
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L.
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<normalizedToken id="78C2DA0B07414964C787135012E4C88F" originalValue="Née">Nee</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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, s.n.
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="5A7F454762DD73F4CF6A08E3067F942E">lectotype</typeStatus>
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, designated by
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<bibRefCitation id="47EF7EDF0B4A2F7EA07A58F921582612" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i2.175" author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="195 - 203" refId="B124" refString="Knapp, S, 2007. Lectotypification of Cavanilles' names in Solanum (Solanaceae). Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 64 (2): 195 - 203, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i2.175" title="Lectotypification of Cavanilles' names in Solanum (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2007.v64.i2.175" volume="64" year="2007">Knapp 2007</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 200: MA [MA-476361]; isolectotype: G [G00357891])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="B264509448E435A98EAF46760877737F" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure137" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897598" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 137" startId="F137">
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<paragraph id="E60536C3C55C2393D44286F93287EB53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="EF09A7A1E1BB33D3AD6C6AD640EAFAF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 137.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7B019799683FF83E8EF44BA5A4E979D4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
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<emphasis id="D84196EAE3B2C45CC48FCB71716A202B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pygmaeum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="C3F9E780BB5E050CCFAFB6E50B2B894C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habit
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<emphasis id="F02A90332300849ACBE861565E1D753B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis id="CF7F5908C7A94C0B553BE8F4AC5B8693" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis id="2B0E519A4E8AD4ADB683BE8ED638BDF0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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calyx
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<emphasis id="331E76A86E0568776C61440AA7B4A362" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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dissected calyx, adaxial surface
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<emphasis id="9338F492F28DFDB7EBFFE7FF4A4034B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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dissected flower
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<emphasis id="A791CE6BA9AFFCE234A183DB0914D638" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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stamen, dorsal view
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<emphasis id="380DE4A345E29EE177BB56D5BB5C38A7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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stamen, ventral view
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<emphasis id="C616E6B839163C8820924C0C86C934BC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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gynoecium
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<emphasis id="0BE9135997229A0AE998D699B45733B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis id="C545CAF54C78F39F7B05926F0047D9C2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
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seed (
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<emphasis id="3A76E0A858DA52A843580551259A4E41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-K</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="503545EC48E77D09D7D24F4064A0AB06" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bernardello & DiFulvio 476</emphasis>
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). Illustration by L. Ribulgo. Previously published in
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<bibRefCitation id="0FE12598DCB0A2893009561E6B53D330" author="Barboza, GE" editor="Anton, AM" journalOrPublisher=") Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="231 - 264" refId="B10" refString="Barboza, GE, Knapp, S, Saerkinen, T, 2013. Grupo VII. Moreloide. In: Anton, AM, Zuloaga, FO, Eds., Barboza GE (Coord.) Flora Argentina (Vol. 13), Solanaceae. IOBDA- IMBIV, CONICET: Buenos Aires & Cordoba, Argentina: 231 - 264" title="Grupo VII. Moreloide." volumeTitle="Barboza GE (Coord." year="2013">Barboza et al. (2013</bibRefCitation>
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: 256) and
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<bibRefCitation id="B4F7C2FBA4CBC6657D2BFC6C55A02F7E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
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<normalizedToken id="6F460DC600D19A1B475F74C8ADB88D85" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
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et al. (2018
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</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 130).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</caption>
|
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4DDD7A306279C578328A3F6472D194C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E7620EF922D9C38C128BACD51CADE753" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0B7E0FA6604BBCCDB81B7D75341CE3F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Perennial small upright herbs to 0.3 m high, subwoody at base, perennating via underground rhizomes. Stems decumbent or ascending, delicate, terete or somewhat angled with ridges, not markedly hollow; new growth pubescent with simple, appressed, uniseriate, translucent, eglandular trichomes, these 1-6-celled, 0.2-0.5 mm long, or nearly glabrous; older stems glabrous or glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, occasionally lobed, the blades 1-5 cm long, 0.5-3 cm wide, ovate to narrowly elliptic, widest in the lower half or near the middle, membranous, concolorous; adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely pubescent along leaf lamina and margins with simple, uniseriate trichomes like those on stem; abaxial surface sparsely pubescent with similar trichomes but the pubescence denser along the midrib; major veins 3-4 pairs; base attenuate, decurrent on the petiole; margins sinuate to entire, if sinuate then teeth more common in lower part of the blade; apex acute to obtuse; petioles 0.5-1.7 cm long, with scattered simple, appressed, uniseriate eglandular trichomes like those on stem. Inflorescences generally internodal, unbranched or rarely forked, umbelliform to subumbelliform, 1-3 cm long, with (2-)4-6 flowers clustered at the tip, glabrous or with scattered simple, appressed, uniseriate eglandular trichomes like those on stem; peduncle (1.3-)1.5-2.6 cm long, delicate; pedicels 6-13 mm long, 0.5-1 mm in diameter at the base, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the apex, straight and spreading, articulated at the base; pedicel scars spaced ca. 0-2.5 mm apart. Buds globose to broadly ovoid, the corolla strongly exserted from the calyx tube but only halfway exserted beyond the elongate and reflexed calyx lobes before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, cosexual (hermaphroditic). Calyx tube (0.5-)1.7-2(-2.2) mm long, conical, the lobes 1.5-1.8 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide, narrowly elliptic with long-acuminate to acute apices, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate eglandular trichomes like those on stem. Corolla 0.9-1.6 cm in diameter, white to pale lilac with a yellow-green central portion near the base, stellate, lobed halfway to the base, the lobes 5-6.7 mm long, ca. 3-3.5 mm wide, strongly reflexed at anthesis, later spreading, glabrous to sparsely pubescent abaxially with simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stem but shorter. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 1-1.2 mm long, adaxially pubescent with tangled uniseriate 4-9-celled eglandular trichomes to 0.5 mm long; anthers (3-)3.5-3.8 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide, oblong-ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age and drying. Ovary globose, glabrous; style ca. 6.3 mm long, straight, exserted beyond the anther cone, densely pubescent with (1-)2-3-celled simple uniseriate trichomes along 4/5 from the base; stigma capitate to clavate, bilobed, minutely papillate, green in live plants. Fruit a subglobose berry, 0.8-1 cm in diameter, greyish green at maturity, the pericarp opaque and glaucous, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 12-15 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base and at the apex, deflexed and often somewhat curved, not persistent; fruiting calyx not accrescent, lobes 1.5-2 mm long, lobes appressed against the berry. Seeds 30-more than 50 per berry, 1.8-2 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm wide, flattened and teardrop shaped with a subapical hilum, pale yellow, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells irregularly quadrate in outline. Stone cells (4)6-8, the 2 apical ones 1.5-2 mm in diameter, usually very closely paired, the rest equatorial and 1-1.2 mm in diameter, pale whitish brown. Chromosome number: n = 12 (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="153C71F1F073F26A2232C4A2C64ED67F" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="261 - 297" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" refId="B168" refString="Moscone, EA, 1992. Estudios en cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina. Darwiniana 31: 261 - 297, https://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" title="Estudios en cromosomas meioticos en Solanaceae de Argentina." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23222568" volume="31" year="1992">Moscone 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, vouchers
|
|
<emphasis id="7CE1B7D2287AEBD83C0F92BAF4B8EA93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bernardello & Di Fulvio 476</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="C8AADA986C88D0463A3D9B88796D3314" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moscone 99</emphasis>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis id="3FB5F2EB5290EE37E982EE69089F79DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Subils 3382</emphasis>
|
|
; one individual from
|
|
<emphasis id="D5FF14809BE5615DBA4A92265F4C681D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bernadello & Di Fulvio</emphasis>
|
|
476 with n = 18 and chromosomal anomalies with supernumerary bivalents or univalents not segregating).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="91DC421F8FF22BF59AB76354B12DDE27" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure138" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897599" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 138" startId="F138">
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|
<paragraph id="09851C818C37E90B683062B706709E04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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|
<emphasis id="D4EC10BBB712D812C158D395A3D187FD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 138.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="EA88E2E0789597AA89B746EBAF089E4C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
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<emphasis id="0C9C138F44EF47C4BA6FBA85C0AC3A76" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pygmaeum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="DCF4A05E5A62DC61DD254CF7CDE0EBF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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|
habit
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<emphasis id="FDC249950CEB0B4DFBEC8A86510E3533" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis id="E3A1F3AFC5CF5822FB2815884DB304B7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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dissected flower
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<emphasis id="6D4028AAEB595D960D91EBD5429B5EA1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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developing fruits (
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<emphasis id="F78EC194D8B76894282E9E8F4B05D7C6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-D</emphasis>
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|
<emphasis id="6F7C709A84F08B27E58D4CC8E712C9D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chiarini 1341</emphasis>
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|
). Photos by F. Chiarini. Previously published in
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<bibRefCitation id="3807188A5DA233B7C7547B6313440BFC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="270DBD0CFB2127CAAA848869F931A846" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. (2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 131).
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="5607AC52F1C4829087705BC6A3B6E646" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="2CAD5152A3BE31BC5748D76CE72AF371" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="D6CB478D5DA185AC80C9C2724D332C53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="D232AB152D426734DA26EB9E2A016525" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="43D37A36C18B79DFE2A85C8AB99E1BF1" captionStart="Figure 139" captionStartId="F139" captionText="Figure 139. Distribution map of Solanum pygmaeum. For adventive distribution, see Saerkinen et al. (2018: 133)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure139" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897600" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">139</figureCitation>
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|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="86E80D07372DFD31E83A183B17ABEAC1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
|
|
<emphasis id="946C6C43FD46BB992BE600EF33A19546" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pygmaeum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is native to central and coastal Argentina (Provs. Buenos Aires, Chaco,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="4201A26B15E90281F59FAC7094B978B2" originalValue="Córdoba">Cordoba</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Corrientes, Entre
|
|
<normalizedToken id="225DE4A32D5574BCEBE1734C508A1675" originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
|
|
, La Pampa, San Luis, Santa
|
|
<normalizedToken id="BCEB45530105B820D32A6618AB72D366" originalValue="Fé">Fe</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Santiago del Estero,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="EB41BE1BE8B04C68F4FD136F7D0F2B64" originalValue="Tucumán">Tucuman</normalizedToken>
|
|
) and Uruguay (Dept. Rocha); it is also adventive in Europe, arriving as seeds through wool shipments but not usually established as permanent populations. A specimen (
|
|
<emphasis id="CBD6D1B098C8E3AC21E614EB0841A3E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gillies s.n.</emphasis>
|
|
, BM) cited in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="958EDEE9F3E0ED8FE8E0763E76542EBC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9EE3A4FB53DE52A130A9FE80369643ED" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. (2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as being from Chile is almost certainly mislabelled and was collected somewhere in Argentina.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="BD82030F0FE1887CC35B6DB74D3C6167" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.231.100894.figure139" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/897600" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 139" startId="F139">
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|
<paragraph id="8DAFC5E587C1E14F996F362DF572D87B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="C702B493CC0D559E09538DD4D4B4AEC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 139.</emphasis>
|
|
Distribution map of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="56F6B2A127A010954BA417B90F0D8FF3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
|
|
<emphasis id="1650DBB094092AC55917A470A537A440" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pygmaeum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. For adventive distribution, see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0AF554C84EEA38997497D0116A14E966" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
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|
<normalizedToken id="D751F905D561B1164877CE959B5563EB" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. (2018
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 133).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="241C7A1D64A223D8ED73547B6036F6E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="FFF8A61A9B9DC849AE8487594E58762C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BCDFE756BAEF5C56EB603A66D953545" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62D5A3C95C9BC25A67A658EBDA18CA2C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
|
|
<emphasis id="88D191DD689C9B3ABD68F21A1EEB072A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pygmaeum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in South America grows in dry forests and grassland habitats, usually in sandy and clay soils, along railroad tracks and roadsides; from 100 to 1,000 m.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="9321A52D44FD20E5E1E156B6C9887328" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
|
|
<paragraph id="649C1862D6630DB7B49BDAB7E4964805" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="FCE675A7364E4FAA9E5EDF9DCB943F58" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="2B3AC313953F41C09C16694CBC05CF40" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
|
|
<paragraph id="2A63D0D83799A481279FC5AEC00B1A5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="3F4A1F84650356CDF07EDD704A101139" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<emphasis id="6491A48760FFAD2C9F7A6DDFA1817262" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F621AFC08C1F03C4AB7C89D28C96A5B0" author="Ibarrola, DA" journalOrPublisher="Nueva Serie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" refId="B116" refString="2022. . https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/redlistguidelines" year="2022">IUCN 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Least Concern [LC]. EOO = 18,428,537 km2 [LC]; AOO = 596 km2 [VU]; calculated on the global range.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="02B38E4067E0EB970E83F83FD031B30B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
|
|
<emphasis id="10AFFD369092C949DB7FCBDE5A73F4F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pygmaeum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is widespread in its native range and is a patch-forming species of open areas and many different habitat types.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C315C028668D2F66469AA5A63129A2F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="C341A6AB67E17E13B31D5C95FDB75A41" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="16A7B8F3D42A45BC7AC89AD399E1655B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="27F275669D9BA197A83E4A5D6887921F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
|
|
<emphasis id="83CF6BB99A2A3A110A9B7175D50A5858" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum pygmaeum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a plant that spreads by underground stems, often forming dense stands of small straggling plants along roads and in grassy vegetation. It is easy to distinguish by its large flowers (anthers more than 3.5 mm long), narrowly elliptic calyx lobes (1.5-1.8 mm long), and rhizomatous habit. Leaves are quite variable in size, but are usually narrowly elliptic, less often wider in the lower half. It is most similar to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7250E7D7AB23BBCFB4E718C189672C8E" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. rhizomatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rhizomatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="8AEAB8C0264B1E56D3438F974016045E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rhizomatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
of the Bolivian Andes but differs from that species in its unbranched (versus forked) inflorescences, larger anthers (those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BA390BDE96CA8AD91A3AA46C66A69097" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. rhizomatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rhizomatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="3D46636FC7892C14089CDCCE67A437B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rhizomatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are less than 3.5 mm long) and berries with 15-25 seeds (versus more than 50 seeds in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CA164AAEB860A4FB87FF24418FB6517B" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. rhizomatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rhizomatum">
|
|
<emphasis id="A4FFAA7A0B731972173730B54C7B1A03" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. rhizomatum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). The two species are not sympatric.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="94595E08B33D5CF764CE57AE1F669B57" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Details of typification of the synonyms of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="57AD25D973890B7E8338311A2AFA67F9" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. pygmaeum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pygmaeum">
|
|
<emphasis id="A109DE9FB2C83B94BE1A01E6D021C12D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. pygmaeum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be found in
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2A44C0782BE3A5C41F880A2E3C174314" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" author="Saerkinen, T" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 223" refId="B209" refString="Saerkinen, T, Poczai, P, Barboza, GE, van der Weerden, GM, Baden, M, Knapp, S, 2018. A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 106: 1 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" title="A revision of the Old World black nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" volume="106" year="2018">
|
|
<normalizedToken id="A668C8B626712E9050C9337FF1959A7C" originalValue="Särkinen">Saerkinen</normalizedToken>
|
|
et al. (2018)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; we have still been unable to trace original material of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97D2C2DF190049B467B76464342336A5" authorityName="Bonte ex Aellen" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pygmaeum subsp. var. var. latifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pygmaeum" subSpecies="var." variety="latifolium">Solanum pygmaeum var. latifolium</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |