623 lines
73 KiB
XML
623 lines
73 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FEE79DE321601EED047C450617C5AD34">Balitora chipkali, a new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from the northern Western Ghats of India, with a note on the distribution of B. laticauda</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D3764C778C3F862E9401127BD258802D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E183FE0D2807BB5C2E8C6914215169C5">Kumkar, Pradeep</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="978C4B1EAA4E44903F3E29412561D02B">Katwate, Unmesh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EFADF1F7A453D67190B0D1C655B057F">Raghavan, Rajeev</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6ABA93982D79F1CE3DCF2D6DFB126EFA">Dahanukar, Neelesh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D766F0C42142C6437527E48797B9379A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A75D3C5B5C9E5673B9D2BCCED5785279">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4500DDC26C077058A7C80F97FFC84EC2">4138</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AE3187F2FFCC7C71B8C3FEADFC61F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5632290" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123195555" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5632290" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:20C471C7-974E-47DF-8B7B-36C19457C658" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AE3187F2FFCC7C71B8C3FEADFC61F812" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<subSubSection id="6E82656FFFCC7C76B8C3FEADFEC8FE7C" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B8C3FEADFE15FEC1" blockId="2.[151,568,290,386]" box="[151,463,290,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<heading id="7D6F8188FFCC7C76B8C3FEADFE15FEC1" bold="true" box="[151,463,290,316]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCC7C76B8C3FEADFE15FEC1" bold="true" box="[151,463,290,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCC7C76B8C3FEADFEB1FEC1" bold="true" box="[151,363,290,316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCC7C76B8C3FEADFEBEFEC1" ID-CoL="KH7Y" box="[151,356,290,316]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali" status="sp. nov.">Balitora chipkali</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0FDF578DFFCC7C76B926FEADFE15FEC1" box="[370,463,290,316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B8C3FEC9FEC8FE7C" blockId="2.[151,568,290,386]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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Common name:
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||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCC7C76B905FECAFE68FEA3" box="[337,434,325,350]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="169" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">Chipkali</taxonomicName>
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||
stone loach (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCC7C76B8CBFEE6FF36FE7C" box="[159,236,361,386]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,842,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1361,842,1990]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balitora chipkali holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7 mm SL) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256731/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCC7C76B8AEFEE6FED3FE7C" box="[250,265,361,385]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,328,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1361,325,1185]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of head and mouth of Balitora chipkali holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7 mm SL). (A) Head in dorsal view, (B) Head in lateral view, (C) mouth and (D) line drawing of mouth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6E82656FFFCC7C76B8C3FE3EFAA1FC63" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="materials_examined">
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<typeStatus id="F9238846FFCC7C76B8C3FE3EFEDEFE37" box="[151,260,433,458]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76B95AFE3EFE83FE34" box="[270,345,433,457]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">BNHS</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76B934FE3DFE40FE34" box="[352,410,434,457]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">FWF</collectionCode>
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193,
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SL,
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<collectingCountry id="5E8F7674FFCC7C76BA38FE3EFD70FE37" box="[620,682,433,458]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
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: Karnataka, Astoli River, Kali River system, Ramnagar (
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,
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,
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a.s.l.), coll. P. Kumkar and S. Gosavi,
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<date id="52261024FFCC7C76BB54FE5AFC4EFE13" box="[768,916,469,494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" value="2014-02-23">23-Feb-2014</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B893FE75FDFFFCAB" blockId="2.[151,1437,433,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
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<typeStatus id="F9238846FFCC7C76B893FE75FEE3FDEF" box="[199,313,506,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76B916FE76FE57FDEC" box="[322,397,505,529]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">BNHS</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76B9C7FE75FE17FDEC" box="[403,461,506,529]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">FWF</collectionCode>
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195 (
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<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BA58FE76FDB3FDEC" box="[524,617,505,529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9799999999999995" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="39.8">39.8mm</quantity>
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SL) and WILD-15-PIS-228 (
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<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BBE5FE76FBCAFDEC" box="[945,1040,505,529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.29" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="42.9">42.9mm</quantity>
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SL), same data as
|
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<typeStatus id="F9238846FFCC7C76BCB5FE76FA9CFDEF" box="[1249,1350,505,530]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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;
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76BD05FE76FA46FDEC" box="[1361,1436,505,529]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">BNHS</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76B8C3FD91FF0BFDC8" box="[151,209,542,565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">FWF</collectionCode>
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194 (43.0mm SL), WILD-15-PIS-229 (
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SL) and ZSI-WRC P/4782 (
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SL),
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<collectingCountry id="5E8F7674FFCC7C76BC8DFD92FACDFDCB" box="[1241,1303,541,566]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
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: Karnataka, Kali River system, Chandewadi, Joida (
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,
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,
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<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BB17FDCEFC59FDA7" box="[835,899,577,602]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="575.0">575m</quantity>
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a.s.l.), coll. P. Kumkar, S. Gosavi and S. Tapkir,
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<date id="52261024FFCC7C76B8C3FDE9FEF5FD83" box="[151,303,614,638]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" value="2014-03-27">27-Mar-2014</date>
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; WILD-15-PIS-230 (
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<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BA49FDEAFDA6FD83" box="[541,636,613,638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="36.5">36.5mm</quantity>
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SL) and ZSI-WRC P/4781 (
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<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BBE9FDEAFBC6FD83" box="[957,1052,613,638]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="50.6">50.6mm</quantity>
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SL),
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<collectingCountry id="5E8F7674FFCC7C76BC08FDEAFB40FD83" box="[1116,1178,613,638]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
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: Karnataka, Kali River system, Kamra, Joida (
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,
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,
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<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BAD9FD06FD17FD5F" box="[653,717,649,674]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="670.0">670m</quantity>
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a.s.l.), P. Kumkar, S. Gosavi and S. Tapkir,
|
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<date id="52261024FFCC7C76BCEBFD05FA87FD5F" box="[1215,1373,650,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" value="2014-05-27">27-May-2014</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76BD3DFD05FA46FD5F" box="[1385,1436,650,674]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">ZSI-</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76B8C3FD21FF0DFD3B" box="[151,215,686,710]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/i1ct-fvht" name="Wildlife Research Center of Kyoto University" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">WRC</collectionCode>
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P/4780 (
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SL),
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<collectingCountry id="5E8F7674FFCC7C76B98BFD22FDC7FD3B" box="[479,541,685,710]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
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: Karnataka, Kali River system, Ramagar (
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,
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,
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<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BCA7FD22FAE9FD3B" box="[1267,1331,685,710]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="630.0">630m</quantity>
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a.s.l.), P. Kumkar and S. Gosavi,
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<date id="52261024FFCC7C76B9F7FD5EFDEDFD17" box="[419,567,721,746]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" value="2014-02-23">23-Feb-2014</date>
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; WILD-15-PIS-252 (
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SL), Chandewadi, Joida, Kali River (
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,
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,
|
||
<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76B945FD7AFE8AFCF3" box="[273,336,757,782]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="575.0">575m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), N. Dahanukar, U. Katwate and P. Kumkar,
|
||
<date id="52261024FFCC7C76BBC9FD7AFBF9FCF3" box="[925,1059,757,782]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" value="2016-02-05">5-Feb-2016</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76BC65FD79FBA6FCF3" box="[1073,1148,758,782]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">BNHS</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76BCD1FD79FB65FCF0" box="[1157,1215,758,781]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">FWF</collectionCode>
|
||
196 (29.0mm SL),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5E8F7674FFCC7C76B8C3FC96FF0FFCCF" box="[151,213,793,818]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Karnataka, Kali River system, Kamra, Joida (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43AC5023FFCC7C76BAB1FC96FC8CFCCF" box="[741,854,793,818]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="15.342">15.342°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43AC5023FFCC7C76BB36FC95FC14FCCF" box="[866,974,794,818]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="74.441">74.441°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BB8EFC96FBC0FCCF" box="[986,1050,793,818]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="670.0">670m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), N. Dahanukar, U. Katwate and P. Kumkar,
|
||
<date id="52261024FFCC7C76B91DFCB1FE0DFCAB" box="[329,471,830,854]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" value="2014-06-28">28-Jun-2014</date>
|
||
(c&s).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B893FCEEFAA1FC63" blockId="2.[151,1437,433,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCC7C76B893FCEEFE66FC87" bold="true" box="[199,444,865,890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76B991FCEDFDCAFC87" box="[453,528,866,890]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">BNHS</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="4089AE21FFCC7C76BA4DFCEDFD89FC84" box="[537,595,866,889]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">FWF</collectionCode>
|
||
269–270, 2 ex. (
|
||
<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BB4CFCEDFC6FFC87" box="[792,949,866,890]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.665" metricValueMax="3.8899999999999997" metricValueMin="3.44" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="36.65" valueMax="38.9" valueMin="34.4">34.4–38.9mm</quantity>
|
||
SL),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5E8F7674FFCC7C76BBACFCEEFBECFC87" box="[1016,1078,865,890]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Karnataka, Kali River system, Kamra, Joida (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43AC5023FFCC7C76B96FFC0AFE76FC63" box="[315,428,901,926]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="15.342">15.342°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43AC5023FFCC7C76B9E3FC09FDF9FC63" box="[439,547,902,926]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" precision="55" value="74.441">74.441°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E1609B01FFCC7C76BA7AFC0AFDB4FC63" box="[558,622,901,926]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="670.0">670m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), P. Kumkar, S. Gosavi and S. Tapkir,
|
||
<date id="52261024FFCC7C76BC0EFC09FB2EFC63" box="[1114,1268,902,926]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" value="2014-05-27">27-May-2014</date>
|
||
(both c&s).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E82656FFFCC7C76B893FC26FB9EFB43" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B893FC26FB9EFB43" blockId="2.[151,1437,433,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCC7C76B893FC26FE9BFC3F" bold="true" box="[199,321,937,962]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCC7C76B91DFC26FDD2FC3C" box="[329,520,937,961]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCC7C76B91DFC26FDD2FC3C" box="[329,520,937,961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all its congeners based on a combination of characters including the possession of only a single maxillary barbel on each corner of the gape, upper lip with 9–12 papillae in first series and 3–8 papillae in second series, lower lip with 6 papillae, eye diameter greater than 15% HL, gape of mouth less than 30% HL, short snout (49.6–57.6% HL) with snout length less than 4 times eye diameter, body depth less than 15% SL, deep caudal peduncle (6.9–7.8% SL), caudal peduncle length-to-depth ratio less than 3.0, 66–68 lateral line scales, 11 caudal vertebrae excluding compound centrum, third infraorbital sensory-canal tube straight, pharyngobranchial 2 greatly reduced, posterior ceratohyal more than 80% of the length of the anterior ceratohyal and almost round; 7 dorsal saddles, not reaching lateral irregular crossbar markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E82656FFFCC7C77B893FB46FD68FD55" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B893FB46FF76FAFB" blockId="2.[151,1437,433,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCC7C76B893FB46FE83FB1F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1225,1250]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data provided in
|
||
<tableCitation id="6B1A035FFFCC7C76BA95FB46FCCFFB1F" box="[705,789,1225,1250]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1324,234,1868]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Balitora chipkali holotype (BNHS FWF 193) and paratypes (BNHS FWF 194 – 196, WILD- 15 - PIS- 228 – 230, 252, ZSI-WRC P / 4780 – 4782)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72E7666CFFCA7C70B8C3FF17FD31FF32" pageId="2" pageNumber="157" tableUuid="72E7666CFFCA7C70B8C3FF17FD31FF32">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. General body shape as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCC7C76BC6BFB46FB5BFB1F" box="[1087,1153,1225,1250]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,842,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1361,842,1990]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balitora chipkali holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7 mm SL) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256731/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
; details of head as in
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCC7C76BD24FB46FF72FAFB" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,328,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1361,325,1185]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of head and mouth of Balitora chipkali holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7 mm SL). (A) Head in dorsal view, (B) Head in lateral view, (C) mouth and (D) line drawing of mouth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B893FA9EFD60F927" blockId="2.[151,1437,433,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Body elongate, sub-cylindrical, compressed dorsally anterior to dorsal-fin origin, compressed laterally posteriorly; dorsal profile convex, deepest at dorsal-fin origin, ventral profile straight. Body wider than its depth at dorsal-fin origin, deeper than wide at anus. Head small, less than one-fourth SL, depressed, longer than broad, with prominent tubercles on cheeks, lateral and ventral surface of head up to base of pectoral fin, and a distinct row on anterodorsal margin of orbit; tubercles on snout small, indistinct. Eyes small, dorso-laterally positioned in posterior half of head, not visible from underside of head. Snout oblique, rounded. Nostrils positioned dorso-laterally, closer to anterior border of eye than to snout tip, skin flap divides anterior and posterior nares. Mouth inferior, a deep groove between rostral fold and upper lip. Lips fleshy. Gape of mouth less than half head width at nares. Barbels three pairs, two rostral: outer rostral barbels longer than inner ones; one pair of maxillary barbels, situated at the angle of mouth. Lips papillated, upper lip with two rows of papillae, an outer row with 8(1), 9*(4), 10(3), 11(2) or 12(1) large papillae and an inner row of 3(2), 4(1), 5(2), 7(2) or 8*(4) small papillae. Lower lip with 8*(11) papillae, with two median inner papillae elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCC7C76BAB2F912FCF6F94B" box="[742,812,1693,1718]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1196,1218]" captionTargetBox="[229,1358,328,1177]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1361,325,1185]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Details of head and mouth of Balitora chipkali holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7 mm SL). (A) Head in dorsal view, (B) Head in lateral view, (C) mouth and (D) line drawing of mouth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256732/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gill opening extending vertically from lower third of the eye to vertical from one-third gape of mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C76B893F96AFAFEF897" blockId="2.[151,1437,433,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Body with scales throughout except head and ventral surface anterior to anal-fin origin. All scales keeled at their posterior border. Lateral line complete, curving slightly upward at posterior border of pectoral-fin base. Lateral-line scales 66 (3), 67*(5) or 68 (2). Caudal peduncle slender, its length 2.8* (2.0–2.8) times its depth. Vertebrae 34 (3) comprising of 4 Weberian + 18 abdominal + 11 caudal + 1 compound centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCC7C76BC86F8DEFACCF897" box="[1234,1302,1873,1898]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1549,1571]" captionTargetBox="[266,1255,1353,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[227,1360,1298,1528]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Cleared and stained paratype of Balitora chipkali (BNHS FWF 196, 29.0 mm SL)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256733/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCC7C77B893F8FAFF07FE99" blockId="2.[151,1437,433,2006]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="2" pageNumber="157">Dorsal-fin origin vertical from pelvic-fin origin, closer to tip of snout than to caudal-fin base; its anterior margin straight, slightly curved at tip, with iii (10) simple and 8½ (10) branched rays. Paired fins horizontally orientated, base with tubercles on dorsal side. Pectoral fin elongated, longer than head, its anterior margin thickened, curved, a distinct gap between its posterior border and pelvic fin origin; with viii (3) or ix* (7) simple rays and 11* (7) or 12 (3) branched rays. Simple rays of pectoral fin with thick cushion-like longitudinal pads on the ventral surface. Pelvic-fin length equal to or slightly shorter than head length; fin origin closer to snout tip than to end of caudal peduncle, its posterior end reaching anus, with ii (10) simple and 9 (10) branched rays, simple rays padded. Anal fin with iii (10) simple and 5½ (10) branched rays. Caudal fin emarginate, its lower lobe longer than upper.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCD7C77B893FEE0FD68FD55" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCD7C77B893FEE0FE95FE75" bold="true" box="[199,335,367,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Coloration.</emphasis>
|
||
In preserved specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCD7C77BA21FEE0FD63FE75" box="[629,697,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,2012,2034]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,842,1989]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1361,842,1990]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Balitora chipkali holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7 mm SL) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256731/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), body beige to light brown dorsolaterally; pale white to yellow ventrally; one narrow brown band on nape, followed by 7 brown, almost round, saddles on dorsal surface, with two anterior to dorsal fin, one at posterior half of dorsal-fin base and four posterior to dorsal-fin base; dorsal saddles do not reach lateral irregular crossbar markings; numerous narrow, irregular, brown crossbars present along lateral line; head dorsolaterally light brown, pale white to yellow ventrally, with brown patches on head and snout; base of pelvic and pectoral fins light brown with dark-brown patches; paired fins yellowish proximally, hyaline distally; all other fins hyaline with brown spots on fin rays, forming a median band in the pectoral, pelvic, dorsal and anal fins. Caudal fin hyaline, with 2–3 dark bands. In life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCD7C77BA91FDE3FCD1FD79" box="[709,779,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1829,1851]" captionTargetBox="[228,1358,875,1805]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[225,1361,873,1807]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Balitora chipkali paratypes in life. (A) BNHS FWF 196 (29.0 mm SL) and (B) WILD- 15 - PIS- 252 (51.4 mm SL)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256734/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), the fish is darker in appearance, with light-brown body; other coloration similar to preserved specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E82656FFFCD7C71B893FD3BFD33FEE1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCD7C77B893FD3BFE46FCE8" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCD7C77B893FD3BFE94FD30" bold="true" box="[199,334,692,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCD7C77BA64FD3BFD50FD31" box="[560,650,692,716]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCD7C77BA64FD3BFD50FD31" box="[560,650,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ means lizard in Hindi; it refers to the general lizard-like appearance of the fish in its habitat, where is it usually found adhering to rocks and boulders in fast-flowing streams. The name is a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="72E7666CFFCD7C77B8C3F853FA98F80F" box="[151,1346,2012,2034]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256731/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" targetBox="[226,1360,842,1989]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCD7C77B8C3F853FA98F80F" blockId="3.[151,1346,2012,2034]" box="[151,1346,2012,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCD7C77B8C3F853FEC9F80C" bold="true" box="[151,275,2012,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCD7C77B94DF853FE1CF80F" box="[281,454,2012,2034]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCD7C77B94DF853FE1CF80F" box="[281,454,2012,2034]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="158">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7mm SL) in (A) lateral, (B) dorsal and (C) ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="72E7666CFFCA7C70B8C3FF17FD31FF32" ID-Table-UUID="72E7666CFFCA7C70B8C3FF17FD31FF32" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72E7666CFFCA7C70B8C3FF17FD31FF32" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" targetBox="[159,1324,234,1868]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCA7C70B8C3FF17FD31FF32" blockId="4.[151,1435,151,207]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCA7C70B8C3FF17FED6FF52" bold="true" box="[151,268,152,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCA7C70BA5FFF18FD18FF52" box="[523,706,151,175]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCA7C70BA5FFF18FD18FF52" box="[523,706,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (BNHS FWF 193) and paratypes (BNHS FWF 194–196, WILD-15-PIS-228–230, 252, ZSI-WRC P/4780–4782).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCA7C70B8CBFF65FAFAF8B1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<table id="5498C444FFCA838BB8CBFF65FAF6F8B1" box="[159,1324,234,1868]" gridcols="3" gridrows="40" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFF65FAF6FEFD" box="[159,1324,234,256]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFF65FE32FEFD" box="[159,488,234,256]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Characters</th>
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FF65FCAFFEFD" box="[791,885,234,256]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Holotype</th>
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FF65FAF6FEFD" box="[976,1324,234,256]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Paratypes (n = 10)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFE9BFAF6FED7" box="[159,1324,276,298]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FE9BFAF6FED7" box="[976,1324,276,298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Average (sd) Range</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFEB2FAF6FEAE" box="[159,1324,317,339]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFEB2FE32FEAE" box="[159,488,317,339]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Total length (mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FEB2FCAFFEAE" box="[791,885,317,339]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">58.7</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FEB2FAF6FEAE" box="[976,1324,317,339]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">53.6 (8.2) 36.3–63.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFEE9FAF6FE81" box="[159,1324,358,380]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFEE9FE32FE81" box="[159,488,358,380]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Standard length (SL, mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FEE9FCAFFE81" box="[791,885,358,380]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">47.7</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FEE9FAF6FE81" box="[976,1324,358,380]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">42.6 (6.5) 29.0–51.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFE1FFAF6FE5B" box="[159,1324,400,422]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFE1FFE32FE5B" box="[159,488,400,422]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Head length (HL, mm)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FE1FFCAFFE5B" box="[791,885,400,422]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">10.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FE1FFAF6FE5B" box="[976,1324,400,422]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">9.4 (1.1) 7.2–11.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFE36FAF6FE32" box="[159,1324,441,463]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFE36FE32FE32" box="[159,488,441,463]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">% SL</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFE6DFAF6FE05" box="[159,1324,482,504]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFE6DFE32FE05" box="[159,488,482,504]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FE6DFCAFFE05" box="[791,885,482,504]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">22.2</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FE6DFAF6FE05" box="[976,1324,482,504]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">22.3 (1.4) 19.7–24.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFD83FAF6FDDF" box="[159,1324,524,546]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFD83FE32FDDF" box="[159,488,524,546]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Pre-dorsal length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FD83FCAFFDDF" box="[791,885,524,546]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">46.8</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FD83FAF6FDDF" box="[976,1324,524,546]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">47.3 (0.8) 46.0–48.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFDBAFAF6FDB6" box="[159,1324,565,587]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFDBAFE32FDB6" box="[159,488,565,587]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Dorsal to caudal fin distance</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FDBAFCAFFDB6" box="[791,885,565,587]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">54.9</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FDBAFAF6FDB6" box="[976,1324,565,587]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">55.3 (0.9) 54.3–56.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFDD1FAF6FD89" box="[159,1324,606,628]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFDD1FE32FD89" box="[159,488,606,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Pre-pectoral fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FDD1FCAFFD89" box="[791,885,606,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">14.9</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FDD1FAF6FD89" box="[976,1324,606,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">16.6 (1.3) 15.7–19.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFD07FAF6FD63" box="[159,1324,648,670]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFD07FE32FD63" box="[159,488,648,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Pre-pelvic fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FD07FCAFFD63" box="[791,885,648,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">45.5</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FD07FAF6FD63" box="[976,1324,648,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">45.7 (1.2) 44.1–47.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFD3EFAF6FD3A" box="[159,1324,689,711]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFD3EFE32FD3A" box="[159,488,689,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Pre-anus length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FD3EFCAFFD3A" box="[791,885,689,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">69.1</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FD3EFAF6FD3A" box="[976,1324,689,711]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">70.5 (1.7) 67.6–72.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFD55FAF6FD0D" box="[159,1324,730,752]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFD55FE32FD0D" box="[159,488,730,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Pre-anal fin length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FD55FCAFFD0D" box="[791,885,730,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">74.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FD55FAF6FD0D" box="[976,1324,730,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">76.7 (0.9) 75.1–77.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFC8BFAF6FCE7" box="[159,1324,772,794]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFC8BFE32FCE7" box="[159,488,772,794]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Pelvic fin to anus distance</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FC8BFCAFFCE7" box="[791,885,772,794]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">24.5</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FC8BFAF6FCE7" box="[976,1324,772,794]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">25.4 (1.5) 22.3–27.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFCA2FAF6FCBE" box="[159,1324,813,835]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFCA2FE32FCBE" box="[159,488,813,835]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Anal fin to anus distance</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FCA2FCAFFCBE" box="[791,885,813,835]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">7.1</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FCA2FAF6FCBE" box="[976,1324,813,835]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">6.5 (1.5) 4.3–8.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFCD9FAF6FC91" box="[159,1324,854,876]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFCD9FE32FC91" box="[159,488,854,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Body depth (at dorsal fin origin)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FCD9FCAFFC91" box="[791,885,854,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">13.2</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FCD9FAF6FC91" box="[976,1324,854,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">13.3 (1.4) 10.9–14.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFC0FFAF6FC6B" box="[159,1324,896,918]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFC0FFE32FC6B" box="[159,488,896,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Body depth (at anus)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FC0FFCAFFC6B" box="[791,885,896,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">10.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FC0FFAF6FC6B" box="[976,1324,896,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">10.6 (1.0) 9.0–12.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFC26FAF6FC42" box="[159,1324,937,959]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFC26FE32FC42" box="[159,488,937,959]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Body width (at dorsal fin origin)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FC26FCAFFC42" box="[791,885,937,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">17.8</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FC26FAF6FC42" box="[976,1324,937,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">17.1 (2.0) 14.7–21.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFC5DFAF6FC15" box="[159,1324,978,1000]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFC5DFE32FC15" box="[159,488,978,1000]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Body width (at anus)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FC5DFCAFFC15" box="[791,885,978,1000]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">10.0</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FC5DFAF6FC15" box="[976,1324,978,1000]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">9.4 (1.1) 7.7–11.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFC73FAF6FBEF" box="[159,1324,1020,1042]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFC73FE32FBEF" box="[159,488,1020,1042]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Height of dorsal fin</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FC73FCAFFBEF" box="[791,885,1020,1042]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">20.3</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FC73FAF6FBEF" box="[976,1324,1020,1042]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">20.2 (1.1) 18.3–22.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFBAAFAF6FBC6" box="[159,1324,1061,1083]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFBAAFE32FBC6" box="[159,488,1061,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Dorsal fin base length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FBAAFCAFFBC6" box="[791,885,1061,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">12.3</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FBAAFAF6FBC6" box="[976,1324,1061,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">14.0 (0.9) 13.2–16.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFBC1FAF6FB99" box="[159,1324,1102,1124]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFBC1FE32FB99" box="[159,488,1102,1124]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Length of upper caudal lobe</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FBC1FCAFFB99" box="[791,885,1102,1124]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">22.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FBC1FAF6FB99" box="[976,1324,1102,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">23.3 (1.7) 21.5–26.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFBF7FAF6FB73" box="[159,1324,1144,1166]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFBF7FE32FB73" box="[159,488,1144,1166]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Length of lower caudal lobe</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FBF7FCAFFB73" box="[791,885,1144,1166]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">25.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FBF7FAF6FB73" box="[976,1324,1144,1166]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">26.9 (1.1) 25.7–28.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFB2EFAF6FB4A" box="[159,1324,1185,1207]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFB2EFE32FB4A" box="[159,488,1185,1207]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Length of median caudal rays</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FB2EFCAFFB4A" box="[791,885,1185,1207]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">14.1</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FB2EFAF6FB4A" box="[976,1324,1185,1207]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">15.6 (1.4) 13.7–17.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFB45FAF6FB1D" box="[159,1324,1226,1248]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFB45FE32FB1D" box="[159,488,1226,1248]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Height of anal fin</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FB45FCAFFB1D" box="[791,885,1226,1248]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">13.7</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FB45FAF6FB1D" box="[976,1324,1226,1248]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">13.9 (0.7) 12.9–14.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFB7BFAF6FAF7" box="[159,1324,1268,1290]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFB7BFE32FAF7" box="[159,488,1268,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Anal fin base</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FB7BFCAFFAF7" box="[791,885,1268,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FB7BFAF6FAF7" box="[976,1324,1268,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">6.4 (1.3) 5.0–9.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFA92FAF6FACE" box="[159,1324,1309,1331]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFA92FE32FACE" box="[159,488,1309,1331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Length of pelvic fin</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FA92FCAFFACE" box="[791,885,1309,1331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">22.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FA92FAF6FACE" box="[976,1324,1309,1331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">21.3 (0.8) 20.2–22.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFAC9FAF6FAA1" box="[159,1324,1350,1372]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFAC9FE32FAA1" box="[159,488,1350,1372]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Length of pectoral fin</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FAC9FCAFFAA1" box="[791,885,1350,1372]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">25.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FAC9FAF6FAA1" box="[976,1324,1350,1372]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">25.6 (0.9) 24.1–27.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFAFFFAF6FA7B" box="[159,1324,1392,1414]" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFAFFFE32FA7B" box="[159,488,1392,1414]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Depth of caudal peduncle</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FAFFFCAFFA7B" box="[791,885,1392,1414]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FAFFFAF6FA7B" box="[976,1324,1392,1414]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">7.5 (0.4) 6.9–8.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFA16FAF6FA52" box="[159,1324,1433,1455]" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFA16FE32FA52" box="[159,488,1433,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Length of caudal peduncle</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FA16FCAFFA52" box="[791,885,1433,1455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">19.5</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FA16FAF6FA52" box="[976,1324,1433,1455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">16.7 (1.0) 15.1–18.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFA4DFAF6FA25" box="[159,1324,1474,1496]" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFA4DFE32FA25" box="[159,488,1474,1496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">%HL</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBFA63FAF6F9FF" box="[159,1324,1516,1538]" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBFA63FE32F9FF" box="[159,488,1516,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Dorsal head length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43FA63FCAFF9FF" box="[791,885,1516,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">105.0</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84FA63FAF6F9FF" box="[976,1324,1516,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">105.3 (4.6) 97.8–113.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF99AFAF6F9D6" box="[159,1324,1557,1579]" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF99AFE32F9D6" box="[159,488,1557,1579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Gape of mouth</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F99AFCAFF9D6" box="[791,885,1557,1579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">24.8</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F99AFAF6F9D6" box="[976,1324,1557,1579]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">25.7 (1.8) 23.2–29.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF9B1FAF6F9A9" box="[159,1324,1598,1620]" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF9B1FE32F9A9" box="[159,488,1598,1620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Head depth at eye</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F9B1FCAFF9A9" box="[791,885,1598,1620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">39.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F9B1FAF6F9A9" box="[976,1324,1598,1620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">39.6 (2.7) 36.2–45.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF9E7FAF6F983" box="[159,1324,1640,1662]" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF9E7FE32F983" box="[159,488,1640,1662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Head depth at nape</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F9E7FCAFF983" box="[791,885,1640,1662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">42.7</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F9E7FAF6F983" box="[976,1324,1640,1662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">46.5 (3.1) 42.5–51.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF91EFAF6F95A" box="[159,1324,1681,1703]" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF91EFE32F95A" box="[159,488,1681,1703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Snout length</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F91EFCAFF95A" box="[791,885,1681,1703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">54.9</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F91EFAF6F95A" box="[976,1324,1681,1703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">54.0 (3.9) 49.6–62.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF935FAF6F92D" box="[159,1324,1722,1744]" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF935FE32F92D" box="[159,488,1722,1744]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Head width (at nares)</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F935FCAFF92D" box="[791,885,1722,1744]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">65.0</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F935FAF6F92D" box="[976,1324,1722,1744]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">60.3 (6.5) 54.4–75.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF96BFAF6F907" box="[159,1324,1764,1786]" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF96BFE32F907" box="[159,488,1764,1786]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Maximum head width</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F96BFCAFF907" box="[791,885,1764,1786]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">75.6</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F96BFAF6F907" box="[976,1324,1764,1786]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">75.6 (4.9) 70.9–87.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF882FAF6F8DE" box="[159,1324,1805,1827]" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF882FE32F8DE" box="[159,488,1805,1827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F882FCAFF8DE" box="[791,885,1805,1827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">15.8</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F882FAF6F8DE" box="[976,1324,1805,1827]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">18.1 (1.8) 16.3–21.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="98A834A6FFCA838BB8CBF8B9FAF6F8B1" box="[159,1324,1846,1868]" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<th id="DB795DDAFFCA838BB8CBF8B9FE32F8B1" box="[159,488,1846,1868]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Interorbital width</th>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB43F8B9FCAFF8B1" box="[791,885,1846,1868]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">35.5</td>
|
||
<td id="DB795DDAFFCA838BBB84F8B9FAF6F8B1" box="[976,1324,1846,1868]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">38.2 (3.6) 34.5–46.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCA7C71B893F800FD33FEE1" blockId="4.[151,1436,1935,2032]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCA7C70B893F800FDDAF855" bold="true" box="[199,512,1935,1960]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Habitat and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCA7C70BA59F81FFD09F855" box="[525,723,1936,1960]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCA7C70BA59F81FFD09F855" box="[525,723,1936,1960]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently known from three nearby localities within the westward-flowing Astoli tributary of the Kali River system in the Western Ghats of northern Karnataka (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCA7C70BD1CF83BFA54F830" box="[1352,1422,1972,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[181,1401,216,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[149,1437,195,1051]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Distribution of Balitora chipkali and its sister taxa B. laticauda. Star indicates type locality. Balitora chipkali is distributed in westward flowing Kali River system, while B. laticauda is widely distributed in eastward flowing rivers which are tributaries of Krishna River system." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256735/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="F9238846FFCA7C70B89EF857FF20F80D" box="[202,250,2008,2032]" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCA7C70B932F858FE70F80D" box="[358,426,2007,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1983,2005]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,1206,1961]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[226,1360,1206,1962]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Habitat at the type locality Ramnagar on Astoli River, Kali River system, Karnataka, India." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256736/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="159">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the species is a shallow stream with boulders and rocks, and pebbles, gravel and mud as substratum. Co-occurring fish species include members of family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BBE1FF18FBECFF4D" box="[949,1078,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Cyprinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BC17FF17FB62FF4D" box="[1091,1208,152,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Haludaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BC17FF17FB62FF4D" box="[1091,1208,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Haludaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BCA6FF17FE85FF29" authority="Day" authorityName="Day" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Hypselobarbus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulchellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BCA6FF17FED0FF29" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Hypselobarbus pulchellus</emphasis>
|
||
(Day)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71B921FF33FCD2FF29" authority="Day" authorityName="Day" box="[373,776,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Osteochilichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nashii">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71B921FF33FDEAFF29" box="[373,560,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Osteochilichthys</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BA3BFF33FD69FF29" box="[623,691,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">nashii</emphasis>
|
||
(Day)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BB4AFF33FCBDFF29" box="[798,871,188,212]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pethia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BB4AFF33FCBDFF29" box="[798,871,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Pethia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BBE5FF32FAF0FF28" authority="Silas" authorityName="Silas" box="[945,1322,188,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Puntius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sahyadriensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BBE5FF32FBDDFF29" box="[945,1031,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Puntius</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BC12FF33FB3AFF29" box="[1094,1248,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">sahyadriensis</emphasis>
|
||
Silas
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BD14FF32FE57FF05" authority="Jerdon" authorityName="Jerdon" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Devario" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malabaricus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BD14FF32FEF9FF05" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Devario malabaricus</emphasis>
|
||
(Jerdon)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71B9CFFF50FDE7FF05" box="[411,573,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Aplocheilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Aplocheilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BA1EFF6FFBD1FF05" authority="Valenciennes" authorityName="Valenciennes" box="[586,1035,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Aplocheilidae" genus="Aplocheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BA1EFF6FFD15FF05" box="[586,719,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Aplocheilus</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BAAAFF6FFC8DFF05" box="[766,855,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Valenciennes)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BC4CFF50FB3AFF05" box="[1048,1248,223,248]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Mastacembelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BCBAFF6FFEA1FEE0" authority="Lacepede" authorityName="Lacepede" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mastacembelidae" genus="Mastacembelus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Synbranchiformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BCBAFF6FFF29FEE1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Mastacembelus armatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lacepède)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71B9E2FE8BFDF9FEE0" box="[438,547,260,285]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sisoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Sisoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BA78FE8BFD1BFEE1" box="[556,705,260,284]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Sisoridae" genus="Glyptothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BA78FE8BFD1BFEE1" box="[556,705,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Glyptothorax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="72E7666CFFCB7C71B8C3FB23FC99FB1C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256732/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" targetBox="[229,1358,328,1177]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCB7C71B8C3FB23FC99FB1C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1196,1249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71B8C3FB23FEC8FB3C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1196,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Details of head and mouth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BA11FB23FD28FB3F" box="[581,754,1196,1218]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BA11FB23FD28FB3F" box="[581,754,1196,1218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (BNHS FWF 193, 47.7mm SL). (A) Head in dorsal view, (B) Head in lateral view, (C) mouth and (D) line drawing of mouth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="72E7666CFFCB7C71B8C3F982FB82F9DE" box="[151,1112,1549,1571]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256733/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" targetBox="[266,1255,1353,1501]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCB7C71B8C3F982FB82F9DE" blockId="5.[151,1112,1549,1571]" box="[151,1112,1549,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71B8C3F982FEC8F9DE" bold="true" box="[151,274,1549,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Cleared and stained paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BA34F982FCD6F9DE" box="[608,780,1549,1571]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BA34F982FCD6F9DE" box="[608,780,1549,1571]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BNHS FWF 196, 29.0mm SL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E82656FFFCB7C71B893F9C4FC61F812" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="262736E4FFCB7C71B893F9C4FC61F812" blockId="5.[151,1437,1611,2032]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71B893F9C4FE6BF999" bold="true" box="[199,433,1611,1636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Molecular analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
The best partitioning scheme was based on minimum BIC was TIM2+I+G4 nucleotide substitution model for first two codon positions of both COI and Cytb gene sequences (BIC = 29164.01, lnl = - 13760.76, df = 208) and TN+G4 nucleotide substitution model for third codon positions of both COI and Cytb gene sequences (BIC = 29645.62, lnl = -13614.62, df=306). In the maximum likelihood tree of concatenated COI and Cytb gene sequences,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71B9C5F954FD8AF90E" box="[401,592,1755,1779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71B9C5F954FD8AF90E" box="[401,592,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a monophyletic group with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BBB3F953FBAAF90E" box="[999,1136,1755,1779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BBB3F953FBAAF90E" box="[999,1136,1755,1779]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">B. laticauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as its sister taxon (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCB7C71BD1CF954FA54F909" box="[1352,1422,1755,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[153,1421,203,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1430,195,1424]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree based on concatenated COI and Cytb gene sequences depicting the phylogenetic position of southern Indian balitorids marked with different colors. Species of family Gastromyzontidae and Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Family: Catostomidae) are used as outgroups with M. asiaticus as a root. Balitora chipkali is a monophyletic group and sister taxon of B. laticauda. Southern India species of Balitora form a monophyletic group with Hemimyzon elongatus. Voucher numbers, wherever available, are provided in parenthesis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256737/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The raw genetic distance between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BA76F970FD39F8EA" box="[546,739,1791,1815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chipkali">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BA76F970FD39F8EA" box="[546,739,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Balitora chipkali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BB49F88FFC72F8EA" box="[797,936,1791,1815]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BB49F88FFC72F8EA" box="[797,936,1791,1815]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">B. laticauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 1.9–2.2% based on COI and 3.4–4.3% based on Cytb gene partial sequences, which is substantially greater than the intra-species variation of 0.0–0.7% and 0.0–1.1% for COI and Cytb respectively, in widely separated populations (from
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43AC5023FFCB7C71BC1EF8C8FB43F8A2" box="[1098,1177,1863,1887]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" precision="5555" value="13.2">13.2°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
to
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43AC5023FFCB7C71BCEAF8C8FAD4F89D" box="[1214,1294,1863,1888]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" precision="5555" value="17.5">17.5°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
latitudes) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71B8C3F8E3FEFCF87E" box="[151,294,1899,1923]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laticauda">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71B8C3F8E3FEFCF87E" box="[151,294,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">B. laticauda</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="6B1A035FFFCB7C71B96EF8E4FE4EF879" box="[314,404,1899,1924]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1339,234,422]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Pairwise raw p distances (%) in COI gene partial sequence. Values in brackets indicate within species variation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72E7666CFFC87C72B8C3FF17FF27FF32" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" tableUuid="72E7666CFFC87C72B8C3FF17FF27FF32">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="6B1A035FFFCB7C71B982F8E3FE3CF879" box="[470,486,1900,1924]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,486,509]" captionTargetBox="[159,1323,569,798]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Pairwise raw p distances (%) in Cytb gene partial sequence. Values in brackets indicate within species variation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72E7666CFFC87C72B8C3FE69FF27FDE0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" tableUuid="72E7666CFFC87C72B8C3FE69FF27FDE0">3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Southern Indian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BB1DF8E4FC7CF87E" box="[841,934,1899,1923]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BB1DF8E4FC7CF87E" box="[841,934,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Balitora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
formed a monophyletic group along with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71B8C3F81FFCF8F855" authority="Chen & Li, in Li & Chen, 1985" authorityName="Chen & Li, in Li & Chen" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,802,1935,1960]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Hemimyzon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71B8C3F81FFE48F85A" box="[151,402,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Hemimyzon elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
(Chen & Li, in Li & Chen, 1985)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was well separated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BCF5F800FA46F85A" box="[1185,1436,1935,1959]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kwangsiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BCF5F800FA46F85A" box="[1185,1436,1935,1959]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Balitora kwangsiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="BEA32A61FFCB7C71B8CBF83CFF3EF831" box="[159,228,1971,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1451,1473]" captionTargetBox="[153,1421,203,1422]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[147,1430,195,1424]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Maximum likelihood tree based on concatenated COI and Cytb gene sequences depicting the phylogenetic position of southern Indian balitorids marked with different colors. Species of family Gastromyzontidae and Myxocyprinus asiaticus (Family: Catostomidae) are used as outgroups with M. asiaticus as a root. Balitora chipkali is a monophyletic group and sister taxon of B. laticauda. Southern India species of Balitora form a monophyletic group with Hemimyzon elongatus. Voucher numbers, wherever available, are provided in parenthesis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/256737/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). This was also reflected in a lower genetic distance between the southern Indian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BCB9F83CFA90F836" box="[1261,1354,1971,1995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BCB9F83CFA90F836" box="[1261,1354,1971,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">Balitora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BDD5F83BFEDEF812" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Hemimyzon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BDD5F83BFEDEF812" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">H. elongatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as compared to their distance from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1984D67FFCB7C71BAC1F857FC92F812" box="[661,840,2007,2031]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Balitoridae" genus="Balitora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kwangsiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="14ECEAF6FFCB7C71BAC1F857FC92F812" box="[661,840,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="160">B. kwangsiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="6B1A035FFFCB7C71BB02F858FC76F812" box="[854,940,2007,2032]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,239,486,509]" captionTargetBox="[159,1323,569,798]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 3. Pairwise raw p distances (%) in Cytb gene partial sequence. Values in brackets indicate within species variation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/72E7666CFFC87C72B8C3FE69FF27FDE0" pageId="5" pageNumber="160" tableUuid="72E7666CFFC87C72B8C3FE69FF27FDE0">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |