414 lines
51 KiB
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414 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.84963" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-2-213" ID-Pensoft-UUID="86D36A45524C5B3CBF9BB1209ADE1633" ID-ZooBank="959396406B7F41E9825CA53024113F54" ModsDocID="1860-0743-98-2-213" checkinTime="1656145962600" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Koehler, Joern, Castillo-Urbina, Ernesto, Aguilar-Puntriano, Cesar, Vences, Miguel & Glaw, Frank" docDate="2022" docId="87FB96BB63F952779D8F2031F6B1615F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 98(2): 213-232" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 98 (2)" docPubDate="2022-06-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.84963" docTitle="Pristimantis symptosus Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="26DBAFEE-66AD-4416-95CC-4AADBD6CD23E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="86D36A45524C5B3CBF9BB1209ADE1633" lastPageNumber="213" masterDocId="86D36A45524C5B3CBF9BB1209ADE1633" masterDocTitle="Rediscovery, redescription and identity of Pristimantis nebulosus (Henle, 1992), and description of a new terrestrial-breeding frog from montane rainforests of central Peru (Anura, Strabomantidae)" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="213" pageNumber="213" updateTime="1656145962600" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Rediscovery, redescription and identity of Pristimantis nebulosus (Henle, 1992), and description of a new terrestrial-breeding frog from montane rainforests of central Peru (Anura, Strabomantidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Koehler, Joern</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">joern.koehler@hlmd.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castillo-Urbina, Ernesto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-758X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Herpetologia, Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Aguilar-Puntriano, Cesar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6372-7926</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural, Departamento de Herpetologia, Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0747-0817</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Institute, Technische Universitaet Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-8111</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoologische Staatssammlung Muenchen (ZSM-SNSB), Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Muenchen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>98</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>213</mods:start>
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<mods:end>232</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.84963</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.98.84963</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-2-213</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">959396406B7F41E9825CA53024113F54</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">86D36A45524C5B3CBF9BB1209ADE1633</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:26DBAFEE-66AD-4416-95CC-4AADBD6CD23E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/87FB96BB63F952779D8F2031F6B1615F" lastPageNumber="213" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/26DBAFEE-66AD-4416-95CC-4AADBD6CD23E" authority="Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw, 2022" authorityName="Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis symptosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symptosus" status="sp. nov.">Pristimantis symptosus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="213">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
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MUSM 40256 (FGZC 6207), adult male, from a point along the road 18A, approximately 5.5 km airline distance northeast of the Carpish Tunnel (
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<geoCoordinate degrees="9.67744" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-9.67744">9.67744°S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="76.07313" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-76.07313">76.07313°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 2360 m a.s.l.), Cordillera de Carpish, Departamento
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
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, Peru, collected on 4 November 2019 by E. Castillo-Urbina, F. Glaw, and J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
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A medium-sized species of the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis conspicillatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conspicillatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis conspicillatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (based on molecular relationships and morphological similarity), with 27.6 mm SVL in adult male, characterised by: (1) skin on dorsum tuberculate, with a pair of enlarged scapular warts; flanks tuberculate; throat smooth, venter weakly areolate; discoidal fold conspicuous; dorsolateral folds distinct, but low; dorsal folds absent; three prominent postrictal conical tubercles present; upper eyelid lacking tubercles and granules; posterior surfaces of thighs smooth; (2) tympanic membrane and annulus distinct, slightly higher than long, their length less than half of eye diameter; supratympanic fold long, prominent, almost straight, not covering upper tympanum or annulus; (3) head longer than wide; snout subacuminate in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in lateral profile; canthus rostralis straight in dorsal view, sharp in profile; (4) cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous process of vomers prominent, elongate, oblique, situated posteromedial to choanae; (6) males with vocal slits, single subgular vocal sac, and nuptial asperities on dorsal surface of thenar tubercle; (7) hands with long and slender fingers, first finger equal in length to second; subarticular tubercles subconical, prominent; supernumerary tubercles absent; palmar tubercle bifid, flat; thenar tubercle prominent, elongated; terminal discs of inner two fingers enlarged and round, those of external fingers enlarged, ovate, about twice the width of digit proximal to disc; circumferential grooves conspicuous, ungual flap very slightly indented; lateral fringes on fingers absent; basal webbing between fingers absent; (8) ulnar tubercles absent; (9) tubercles on heel and tarsus absent, tarsal fold absent; (10) inner metatarsal tubercle ovate, prominent; outer metatarsal tubercle round, flat; supernumerary tubercles absent; (11) toes long and slender (FootL 54% SVL); narrow lateral fringes weakly expressed, trace of basal toe webbing present; toe V reaching distal level of penultimate subarticular tubercle of toe IV; toe V slightly longer than toe III; tips of toes rounded to slightly ovate, enlarged; circumferential grooves conspicuous; (12) in life, dorsal colouration brown to tan with dark brown chevrons and flecks on dorsum; dark brown bars on dorsal surfaces of arms and legs; dark brown interorbital bar; a pair of black spots, surrounding prominent conical scapular warts: broad black supratympanic stripe; black canthal stripe; belly cream; throat densely mottled with dark brown; ventral surfaces of thighs and shanks orange tan; posterior surface of thighs orange-brown with irregular cream spotting; plantar and palmar surfaces yellowish-brown, densely covered with dark brown mottling; iris copper, with black reticulation; posterior iris periphery pale blue; bones white; (13) advertisement call consisting of a single pulsed note of 132-186 ms duration, emitted at regular succession (see below).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Comparison.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
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Among the now 42 recognised species in the
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. conspicillatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="conspicillatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. conspicillatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1" author="Padial, JM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 132" refId="B44" refString="Padial, JM, Grant, T, Frost, DR, 2014. Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria. Zootaxa 3825: 1 - 132, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1" title="Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1" volume="3825" year="2014">Padial et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" author="Padial, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="207 - 218" refId="B45" refString="Padial, JM, Gagliardi-Urrutia, G, Chaparro, JC, Gutierrez, RC, 2016. A new species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group from the Peruvian Amazon (Anura: Craugastoridae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 83 (3): 207 - 218, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" title="A new species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group from the Peruvian Amazon (Anura: Craugastoridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" volume="83" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.687.13221" author="de Oliveira, EA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="101 - 129" refId="B6" refString="de Oliveira, EA, Rodrigues, LR, Kaefer, IL, Pinto, KC, Hernandez-Ruz, EJ, 2017. A new species of Pristimantis from eastern Brazilian Amazonia (Anura, Craugastoridae). ZooKeys 687: 101 - 129, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.687.13221" title="A new species of Pristimantis from eastern Brazilian Amazonia (Anura, Craugastoridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.687.13221" volume="687" year="2017">de Oliveira et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229971" author="de Oliveira, EA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B7" refString="de Oliveira, EA, da Silva, LA, Silva, EAP, Guimaraes, KLA, Penhacek, M, Martinez, JG, Rodrigues, LR, Santana, DJ, Hernandez-Ruz, EJ, 2020. Four new species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura: Craugastoridae) in the eastern Amazon. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0243182. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229971" title="Four new species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura: Craugastoridae) in the eastern Amazon. PLoS ONE 15 (11): e 0243182." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229971" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1670/19-114" author="Taucce, PPG" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="245 - 257" refId="B52" refString="Taucce, PPG, Nascimento, JS, Trevisan, CC, Leite, FSF, Santana, DJ, Haddad, CFB, Napoli, MF, 2020. A new rupicolous species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae) from central Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 54 (2): 245 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1670/19-114" title="A new rupicolous species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group (Anura: Brachycephaloidea: Craugastoridae) from central Bahia, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1670/19-114" volume="54" year="2020">Taucce et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
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), 13 species, including
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. symptosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="symptosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. symptosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, exhibit dorsolateral folds (
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B10" refString="Duellman, WE, Lehr, E, 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" author="Padial, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="207 - 218" refId="B45" refString="Padial, JM, Gagliardi-Urrutia, G, Chaparro, JC, Gutierrez, RC, 2016. A new species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group from the Peruvian Amazon (Anura: Craugastoridae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 83 (3): 207 - 218, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" title="A new species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group from the Peruvian Amazon (Anura: Craugastoridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" volume="83" year="2016">Padial et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). Among these,
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. adiastolus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="adiastolus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. adiastolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mainly differs from
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. symptosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="symptosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. symptosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by more prominent and longer dorsolateral folds, finger I slightly shorter than finger II, and skin on dorsal surfaces shagreen (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v6i2p119-135" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Phyllomedusa" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="119 - 135" refId="B9" refString="Duellman, WE, Hedges, SB, 2007. Three new species of Pristimantis (Lissamphibia, Anura) from montane forests of the Cordillera Yanachaga in central Peru. Phyllomedusa 6 (2): 119 - 135, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v6i2p119-135" title="Three new species of Pristimantis (Lissamphibia, Anura) from montane forests of the Cordillera Yanachaga in central Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9079.v6i2p119-135" volume="6" year="2007">Duellman and Hedges 2007</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. avicuporum" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="avicuporum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. avicuporum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mainly differs by the presence of an interocular dermal fold, fingers bearing lateral fringes, and finely shagreen dorsal skin (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16169" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Papers of the Natural History Museum, the University of Kansas" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 78" refId="B11" refString="Duellman, WE, Pramuk, JB, 1999. Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers of the Natural History Museum, the University of Kansas 13: 1 - 78, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16169" title="Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16169" volume="13" year="1999">Duellman and Pramuk 1999</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B10" refString="Duellman, WE, Lehr, E, 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. buccinator" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="buccinator">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. buccinator</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mainly differs by continuous and prominent dorsolateral folds, an X-shaped or V-shaped dorsal fold and presence of an interorbital dermal ridge (
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<bibRefCitation author="Rodriguez, LO" journalOrPublisher="Alytes" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="49 - 63" refId="B48" refString="Rodriguez, LO, 1994. A new species of the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group (Leptodactylidae) from Peru, with comments on its call. Alytes 12: 49 - 63" title="A new species of the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group (Leptodactylidae) from Peru, with comments on its call." volume="12" year="1994">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
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1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. condor" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="condor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. condor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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mainly differs by larger male size (SVL 32.1-39.5 mm) and finger I distinctly longer than finger II (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16222" author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 86" refId="B34" refString="Lynch, JD, Duellman, WE, 1980. The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae). University of Kansas, Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publication 69: 1 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16222" title="The Eleutherodactylus of the Amazonian slopes of the Ecuadorian Andes (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16222" volume="69" year="1980">Lynch and Duellman 1980</bibRefCitation>
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);
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||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. conspicillatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="conspicillatus">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. conspicillatus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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mainly differs by finger I being distinctly longer than finger II, fingers bearing lateral keels, and dorsal skin finely shagreen (
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B10" refString="Duellman, WE, Lehr, E, 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
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||
);
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. iiap" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="iiap">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. iiap</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly differs by upper eyelid bearing small granules, skin on dorsum coarsely shagreen, basal toe webbing absent, presence of a tarsal fold, and advertisement call (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" author="Padial, JM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Carnegie Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="207 - 218" refId="B45" refString="Padial, JM, Gagliardi-Urrutia, G, Chaparro, JC, Gutierrez, RC, 2016. A new species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group from the Peruvian Amazon (Anura: Craugastoridae). Annals of Carnegie Museum 83 (3): 207 - 218, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" title="A new species of the Pristimantis conspicillatus group from the Peruvian Amazon (Anura: Craugastoridae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2992/007.083.0302" volume="83" year="2016">Padial et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. malkini" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="malkini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. malkini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly differs by finger I distinctly longer than finger II and more extensive webbing between toes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 24" publicationUrl="https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5429" refId="B32" refString="Lynch, JD, 1980. A taxonomic and distributional synopsis of the Amazonian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus. American Museum Novitates 2696: 1 - 24, https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5429" title="A taxonomic and distributional synopsis of the Amazonian frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus." url="https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/5429" volume="2696" year="1980">Lynch 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B10" refString="Duellman, WE, Lehr, E, 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. meridionalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. meridionalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly differs by finger I being shorter than finger II, dentigerous processes of vomers small and round, and fingers bearing lateral fringes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B10" refString="Duellman, WE, Lehr, E, 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. peruvianus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. peruvianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly differs by very prominent and long dorsolateral folds, finger I distinctly longer than finger II, and fingers bearing lateral fringes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Koehler, J" journalOrPublisher="Bonner zoologische Monographien" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="1 - 243" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Bonner-Zoologische-Monographien_48_0001-0243.pdf" refId="B24" refString="Koehler, J, 2000. Amphibian diversity in Bolivia: a study with special reference to montane forest regions. Bonner zoologische Monographien 48: 1 - 243, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Bonner-Zoologische-Monographien_48_0001-0243.pdf" title="Amphibian diversity in Bolivia: a study with special reference to montane forest regions." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Bonner-Zoologische-Monographien_48_0001-0243.pdf" volume="48" year="2000">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Köhler">Koehler</normalizedToken>
|
||
2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00424.x" author="Padial, JM" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="97 - 122" refId="B42" refString="Padial, JM, De la Riva, I, 2009. Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic Amazonian species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (1): 97 - 122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00424.x" title="Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic Amazonian species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00424.x" volume="155" year="2009">Padial and De la Riva 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. skydmainos" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="skydmainos">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. skydmainos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly differs by more prominent and continuous dorsolateral folds, finger I being shorter than finger II, and a black mid-dorsal tubercle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447759" author="Flores, G" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="388 - 394" refId="B14" refString="Flores, G, Rodriguez, LO, 1997. Two new species of the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Peru. Copeia 1997 (2): 388 - 394, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1447759" title="Two new species of the Eleutherodactylus conspicillatus group (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1447759" volume="1997" year="1997">
|
||
Flores and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rodríguez">Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
|
||
1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1163/156853805774806359" author="Padial, JM" journalOrPublisher="Amphibia-Reptilia" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="553 - 556" refId="B41" refString="Padial, JM, De la Riva, I, 2005. The taxonomic status of Eleutherodactylus skydmainos Flores & Rodriguez, 1997, and E. karcharias Flores & Rodriguez, 1997 (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 26 (4): 553 - 556, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853805774806359" title="The taxonomic status of Eleutherodactylus skydmainos Flores & Rodriguez, 1997, and E. karcharias Flores & Rodriguez, 1997 (Anura: Leptodactylidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1163/156853805774806359" volume="26" year="2005">Padial and De la Riva 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. nebulosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="nebulosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. nebulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly differs by skin on dorsum and flanks shagreen, curved supratympanic fold, relatively longer legs (TL/SVL 0.64 versus 0.60), presence of a tarsal fold, presence of basal webbing between fingers II and III, bronze-coloured iris in life, advertisement call (see below), and divergence in the mitochondrial 16S gene (p-distance 4.1%). The sister species
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bipunctatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. symptosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in sharing similar adult male size, finger I about equal in length to finger II, tarsus lacking a tarsal fold, fingers lacking lateral keels or fringes, a pair of enlarged scapular warts, and a similiar colour pattern. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bipunctatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pristimantis bipunctatus (MUSM 31120; GenBank accession number KY 006089) from Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, 2290 m a. s. l., Departamento Pasco, Peru, in life: a. Dorsolateral view; b. Ventral view. Photographs by J. Moravec." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705934" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">7</figureCitation>
|
||
) differs by skin on dorsum and flanks finely shagreen (tuberculate), bluntly rounded snout in dorsal view (subacuminate), basal webbing between toes IV and V (basal webbing between all toes) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-05-019R" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="526 - 538" refId="B8" refString="Duellman, WE, Hedges, SB, 2005. Eleutherodactyline frogs (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Cordillera Yanachaga in Central Peru. Copeia 2005 (3): 526 - 538, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-05-019R" title="Eleutherodactyline frogs (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Cordillera Yanachaga in Central Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.1643/CH-05-019R" volume="2005" year="2005">Duellman and Hedges 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B10" refString="Duellman, WE, Lehr, E, 2009. Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru. Natur und Tier Verlag, Muenster" title="Terrestrial-breeding frogs (Strabomantidae) in Peru." year="2009">Duellman and Lehr 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and considerable divergence in the mitochondrial 16S gene (p-distance 3.3-4.1%). The advertisement call of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. bipunctatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains unknown. Individuals of the recently described species
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. pictus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="pictus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. pictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. pluvian" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="pluvian">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. pluvian</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. moa" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="moa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. moa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Amazonian Brazil may sometimes exhibit weakly developed dorsolateral folds, but all differ from the new species by shagreen dorsal skin (versus tuberculate) and advertisement call (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229971" author="de Oliveira, EA" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" refId="B7" refString="de Oliveira, EA, da Silva, LA, Silva, EAP, Guimaraes, KLA, Penhacek, M, Martinez, JG, Rodrigues, LR, Santana, DJ, Hernandez-Ruz, EJ, 2020. Four new species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura: Craugastoridae) in the eastern Amazon. PLoS ONE 15(11): e0243182. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229971" title="Four new species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura: Craugastoridae) in the eastern Amazon. PLoS ONE 15 (11): e 0243182." url="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229971" year="2020">de Oliveira et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705934" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Hedges" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis bipunctatus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipunctatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis bipunctatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MUSM 31120; GenBank accession number KY006089) from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
|
||
National Park, 2290 m a.s.l., Departamento Pasco, Peru, in life:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral view;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view. Photographs by J. Moravec.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Description of the holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
An adult male, in good state of preservation (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved male holotype of Pristimantis symptosus sp. nov. (MUSM 40256, FGZC 6207) from the Cordillera de Carpish, 2360 m a. s. l., in a. dorsal, and b. ventral views; c. Palmar surface of left hand; d. Head in lateral profile (mirrored). Note prominent scapular tubercle surrounded by black spot." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705935" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">8</figureCitation>
|
||
), with subgular vocal sac and vocal slits. Head longer than wide (HL/HW = 1.2); snout subacuminate in dorsal view, bluntly rounded in profile; nostrils oriented posterolaterally; canthus rostralis straight in dorsal view, sharp in profile; loreal region straight; lips not flared; upper eyelid without tubercles; cranial crests absent. Supratympanic fold prominent, long, almost straight, not covering upper tympanic membrane or annulus; tympanic membrane and annulus distinct; tympanic membrane nearly slightly higher than long, its length slightly less than half the eye diameter; three prominent postrictal tubercles, conical. Choanae not concealed by palatal shelf of the maxillary arch when roof of mouth is viewed from below; choanae large, round, separated by distance equal to six times diameter of a choana; dentigerous process of vomers prominent, elongate, not in contact, oblique, situated posteromedial to choanae, bearing vomerine teeth; tongue removed for tissue sample; vocal sac subgular, vocal slits placed posterolaterally. Skin on dorsum tuberculate, with a pair of prominent conical scapular warts; dorsal surfaces of hind limbs tuberculate, dorsal surfaces of forearms and flanks tuberculate; skin on throat and chest smooth, that on belly areolate; occipital folds absent; dorsolateral folds distinct, but low; discoidal fold conspicuous. Arm without ulnar tubercles; palmar tubercle bifid, flat, equal in size to elongate thenar tubercle; supernumerary tubercles absent; subarticular tubercles prominent, subconical; fingers long and slender; finger tips enlarged, rounded on inner two fingers, on two outer fingers ovate, their width about twice the width of digit proximal to disc; circumferential grooves conspicuous, ungual flap very slightly indented on outer fingers; lateral fringes and keels on fingers absent; basal webbing between fingers absent; relative length of fingers III> IV> II = I; nuptial pad present on dorsal surface of thumb. Toes long and slender (FootL 54% of SVL); heel and tarsus lacking tubercles; tarsal fold absent; inner metatarsal tubercle ovate, prominent, larger than outer; outer metatarsal tubercle round, flat, about one third the size of outer; tarsal fold absent; supernumerary tubercles absent; subarticular tubercles prominent, subconical; narrow lateral fringes on toes weakly expressed, traces of basal toe webbing present; toe tips enlarged, rounded to slightly ovate, their width about 1.5 times the width of toe proximal to disc; circumferential grooves conspicuous; relative length of toes IV> V> III> II> I; toe V reaching distal level of penultimate subarticular tubercle of toe IV. Tibiotarsal articulation reaches slightly beyond tip of snout when hind limb flexed parallel to axis of body; heels overlapping when hind limbs flexed perpendicular to axis of body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705935" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis symptosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (MUSM 40256, FGZC 6207) from the Cordillera de Carpish, 2360 m a.s.l., in
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">a.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal, and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">b.</emphasis>
|
||
ventral views;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Palmar surface of left hand;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">d.</emphasis>
|
||
Head in lateral profile (mirrored). Note prominent scapular tubercle surrounded by black spot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Measurements (in mm): SVL 27.6; TL 16.8; HL 11.9; HW 9.9; IOD 3.4; ED 3.9; TD 1.7; E-N 3.1; HandL 7.9; FootL 14.8.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
In life (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Male holotype of Pristimantis symptosus sp. nov. (MUSM 40256, FGZC 6207) from the Cordillera de Carpish, 2360 m a. s. l., in life: a. Dorsolateral view of left body side; b. Dorsolateral view of right body side; c. Ventral view. Note tuberculate skin on dorsum, flanks and forearm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705936" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">9</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsal ground colour brown to tan, with dark brown chevrons and irregular dark brown blotches on dorsum, most of them finely outlined with cream; dark brown bars on dorsal surfaces of arms and legs; dark brown interorbital bar, extending to upper eyelids; a pair of black spots surrounding prominent scapular warts; broad black supratympanic stripe; broad blackish canthal stripe; lips dark brown to black, barred with cream; flanks brown with irregular dark brown markings; belly cream; throat and chest orange-brown with dense black mottling; ventral surfaces of thighs and shanks orange tan; posterior surface of thighs orange-brown with irregular cream spotting; plantar and palmar surfaces yellowish-brown, densely covered with dark brown mottling; iris copper, with black reticulation; posterior iris periphery pale blue; bones white. After two years in preservative (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pristimantis bipunctatus (MUSM 31120; GenBank accession number KY 006089) from Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park, 2290 m a. s. l., Departamento Pasco, Peru, in life: a. Dorsolateral view; b. Ventral view. Photographs by J. Moravec." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705934" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">7</figureCitation>
|
||
), the general colour pattern remains the same as in life. Brown ground colouration turned to greyish-tan, with brown flecks, bars and chevrons; black colour of canthal and supratympanic stripes faded to anthracite; chest and ventral surfaces of thighs yellowish-cream; belly cream; throat cream with grey mottling.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705936" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Male holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis symptosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. (MUSM 40256, FGZC 6207) from the Cordillera de Carpish, 2360 m a.s.l., in life:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">a.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral view of left body side;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">b.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsolateral view of right body side;
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">c.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view. Note tuberculate skin on dorsum, flanks and forearm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
The forest at the type locality constitutes upper montane rainforest at the transition zone to cloud forest, growing on steep slopes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. View of the forest along the road 18 A close to the type locality of Pristimantis symptosus sp. nov. in the Cordillera de Carpish, Departamento Huanuco, Peru, at approximately 2450 m a. s. l. Photo taken on 4 November 2019." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705937" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">10</figureCitation>
|
||
), with trees not exceeding 20 m height (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-16-336" author="Jimenez, CF" journalOrPublisher="Therya" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" pagination="449 - 464" refId="B23" refString="Jimenez, CF, Pacheco, V, 2016. A new species of grass mouse, genus Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia, Sigmodontidae), from the central Peruvian Yungas. Therya 7 (3): 449 - 464, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-16-336" title="A new species of grass mouse, genus Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia, Sigmodontidae), from the central Peruvian Yungas." url="https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-16-336" volume="7" year="2016">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jiménez">Jimenez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Pacheco 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males were calling from a low position in shrub vegetation along the road during a foggy night and light rain. The holotype was sitting on a leaf approximately 25 cm above the ground.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis lacrimosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lacrimosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis lacrimosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group) and
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Duellman & Hedges" baseAuthorityYear="2005" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis rhabdocnemus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rhabdocnemus">Pristimantis aff. rhabdocnemus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were found at nearby sites. Nothing else is known.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705937" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
View of the forest along the road 18A close to the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis symptosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in the Cordillera de Carpish, Departamento
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Peru, at approximately 2450 m a.s.l. Photo taken on 4 November 2019.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="vocalisation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Vocalisation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
Calls were recorded at the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. symptosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on 4 November 2019 (estimated air temperature 16 °C). Calling males were easily disturbed and stopped calling when being approached at distances of less than 10 m. Therefore, recordings are of poor quality, as the recorded individual was calling at considerable distance (estimated> 15 m) and there is considerable background noise in the recording. A call voucher could not be collected, but the male holotype was caught at a spot from where the same type of call was emitted (although the individual could not be directly observed calling), making it very probable that the calls described here belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P. symptosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">P. symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although the poor recording quality hampers access to some call parameters (i.e. pulse structure and exact rate), the call can be described as follows. The advertisement call consists of a single, short, pulsed note, repeated at regular succession (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call allocated to Pristimantis symptosus sp. nov. from Cordillera de Carpish, 2360 m a. s. l., Peru, at 1000 ms time scale. Recording band-pass filtered at 850 - 6500 Hz." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705938" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Calls (= notes) exhibit a very slight upward frequency modulation and are clearly pulsed, although the poor recording quality prevents any reliable counting of pulses; however, it can be estimated from some sections of the calls that pulse rate is greater than 200 pulses/second. Numerical parameters of 23 analysed calls are as follows: call duration (= note duration) 132-186 ms (151.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
14.1 ms); inter-call interval 804-1041 ms (882.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
79.5 ms); dominant frequency 1442-1507 Hz (1468
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
25 Hz), with a second peak in call energy of similar intensity at around 2800-2930 Hz; prevalent bandwidth 1200-4000 Hz; calls were repeated at a rate of 52-63 call/minute.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zse.98.84963.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/705938" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Audiospectrogram and corresponding oscillogram of one advertisement call allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis symptosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. from Cordillera de Carpish, 2360 m a.s.l., Peru, at 1000 ms time scale. Recording band-pass filtered at 850-6500 Hz.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Köhler & Castillo-Urbina & Aguilar-Puntriano & Vences & Glaw" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis symptosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="213" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="symptosus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Pristimantis symptosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from its type locality and possibly endemic to the Cordillera de Carpish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="213" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="213">
|
||
The specific epithet is a Latinised adjective derived from the Greek
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="σύμπτωση">σύμπτωση</normalizedToken>
|
||
(symptosi) meaning
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘coincidence’">'coincidence'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. It refers to the fact that we only discovered the new species by coincidence on an unplanned return to the Cordillera de Carpish after forgetting part of our expedition gear there.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |