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<document id="338677197C8E479117362BC97F564D31" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4071.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8ffe5a88-06f7-44af-95aa-5fd49e0302c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="260490" ID-ZooBank="D47C792F-E91D-40A6-ABB7-FA7810578562" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1458396982271" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Judith L Winston" docDate="2016" docId="19362D2E2026FF83BBA5FF0EFBE7FAEA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4071.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4071 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Parasmittina spathulata Smitt 1873" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="E50F55562015FFB0BB32FF96FFB4FF8D" masterDocTitle="Bryozoa of Floridan Oculina reefs" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698185562401" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3389AD3965FA20990960992A73C9E61F">Bryozoa of Floridan Oculina reefs</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="938C415FC6F6C0A5BD0C2CFC43FCA032">Judith L Winston</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D8CD279C69F343779EBA9D5E6D1C4F1C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E7B4A119EF563FF8020E5ADABC221B72">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F65CDDDF9AE06D6990E34D0E0CE65C2B">4071</mods:number>
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<treatment id="19362D2E2026FF83BBA5FF0EFBE7FAEA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6084807" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119208677" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6084807" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:19362D2E2026FF83BBA5FF0EFBE7FAEA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/19362D2E2026FF83BBA5FF0EFBE7FAEA" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32026FF83BBA5FF0EFC41FE95" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FF0EFDD5FF3F" blockId="51.[151,609,152,211]" box="[151,609,152,178]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="CA682B542026FF83BBA5FF0EFDD5FF3F" bold="true" box="[151,609,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83BBA5FF0EFDD5FF3F" ID-CoL="6TQGH" authority="Smitt, 1873" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[151,609,152,178]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FF0EFDD5FF3F" bold="true" box="[151,609,152,178]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FF0EFE0DFF3F" bold="true" box="[151,441,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parasmittina spathulata</emphasis>
(Smitt, 1873)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FF2CFEDCFF5E" blockId="51.[151,609,152,211]" box="[151,360,186,211]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
(
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2026FF83BBADFF2CFF47FF5E" box="[159,243,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,199,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[186,1394,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873): A, irregular encrusting colony; B, autozooids near edge of colony, showing two orificial spines; C, zooids with ooecia; D, single autozooid, showing long narrow avicularia; E, close up of orifice showing two spines and narrow lyrula; F, another orifice showing condyles and lyrula. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260518/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="DC1DA9832026FF83BBCCFF2CFED4FF5E" box="[254,352,186,211]" captionStart="TABLE 27" captionStartId="51.[151,239,478,501]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,537,788]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="TABLE 27. Measurements in mm of Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5E0CCB02026FF83BBA5FE48FC73FE78" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="C5E0CCB02026FF83BBA5FE48FC73FE78">Table 27</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FE94FC41FE95" blockId="51.[151,1437,258,434]" box="[151,1013,258,280]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83BBA5FE94FEE3FE95" box="[151,343,258,280]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Romancheinidae" genus="Escharella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="jacotini">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FE94FEE3FE95" box="[151,343,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Escharella jacotini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83BA6FFE95FD2EFE95" authority="Smitt, 1873: 60" authorityName="Smitt" authorityPageNumber="60" authorityYear="1873" box="[349,666,258,280]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="trispinosa" variety="spathulata">
var.
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BABBFE94FE40FE95" box="[393,500,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">spathulata</emphasis>
Smitt, 1873: 60
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 10, figs 199, 200 (not fig. 11).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32026FF83BBA5FEB4FC98FE3F" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FEB4FD5AFEBA" blockId="51.[151,1437,258,434]" box="[151,750,289,311]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83BBA5FEB4FE32FEBA" box="[151,390,290,311]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="trispinosa">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FEB4FE32FEBA" box="[151,390,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parasmittina trispinosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83BABEFEB4FD5EFEBA" authority="Osburn 1914: 208" authorityName="Osburn" authorityPageNumber="208" authorityYear="1914" box="[396,746,289,311]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="variety" species="trispinosa" variety="spathulata">
var.
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BA8AFEB7FD97FEBA" box="[440,547,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">spathulata</emphasis>
: Osburn 1914: 208
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FED7FF40FEF9" blockId="51.[151,1437,258,434]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83BBA5FED7FD58FEDB" authority="Canu &amp; Bassler 1928a: 114" authorityName="Canu &amp; Bassler" authorityPageNumber="114" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,748,320,342]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="subSpecies" species="trispinosa" subSpecies="spathulata">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FED7FE7CFEDB" box="[151,456,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Smittina trispinosa spathulata</emphasis>
: Canu &amp; Bassler 1928a: 114
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 15, figs 913, text-fig. 21; 1928b: 86, pl. 6, fig. 3; Osburn 1940: 435.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FEE8FC98FE3F" blockId="51.[151,1437,258,434]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83BBA5FEE8FD4EFE1E" authority="Cheetham &amp; Sandberg 1964: 1037" authorityName="Cheetham &amp; Sandberg" authorityPageNumber="1037" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,762,381,403]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FEE8FE38FE1E" box="[151,396,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parasmittina spathulata</emphasis>
: Cheetham &amp; Sandberg 1964: 1037
</taxonomicName>
, figs 4447; Rucker 1967: 830, fig. 16a; Long &amp; Rucker 1970: 20, fig. 4:5; Winston 1982: 142, fig. 70; 2005: 60, figs 161163.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="C5E0CCB02026FF83BBA5FE48FC73FE78" ID-Table-UUID="C5E0CCB02026FF83BBA5FE48FC73FE78" box="[151,967,478,501]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C5E0CCB02026FF83BBA5FE48FC73FE78" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" targetBox="[165,1422,537,788]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="51">
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FE48FC73FE78" blockId="51.[151,967,478,501]" box="[151,967,478,501]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FE48FEA3FE78" bold="true" box="[151,279,478,501]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">TABLE 27.</emphasis>
Measurements in mm of
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83B91AFE48FC76FE78" authority="Smitt, 1873" authorityName="Smitt" authorityYear="1873" box="[552,962,478,501]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="spathulata">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83B91AFE48FC9FFE78" box="[552,811,478,501]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parasmittina spathulata</emphasis>
(Smitt, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83B969FD8FFA39FC99" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<table id="E39F6E982026004FBB97FD8FFA3AFC99" box="[165,1422,537,788]" gridcols="7" gridrows="6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2026004FBB97FD8FFA3AFDBD" box="[165,1422,537,560]" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FB90EFD8FFDCDFDBD" box="[572,633,537,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83B969FD8FFDCDFDBD" bold="true" box="[603,633,537,560]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lz</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FB9E8FD8FFCA2FDBD" box="[730,790,537,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83B9DDFD8FFCA2FDBD" bold="true" box="[751,790,537,560]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Wz</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FB84AFD8FFC01FDBD" box="[888,949,537,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83B8A7FD8FFC01FDBD" bold="true" box="[917,949,537,560]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lo</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBF24FD8FFBE6FDBD" box="[1046,1106,537,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BF18FD8FFBE6FDBD" bold="true" box="[1066,1106,537,560]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Wo</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBF81FD8FFB44FDBD" box="[1203,1264,537,560]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BFF1FD8FFB44FDBD" bold="true" box="[1219,1264,537,560]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Lov</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBE63FD8FFA3AFDBD" box="[1361,1422,537,560]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BE6AFD8FFA39FDBD" bold="true" box="[1368,1421,537,560]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Wov</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2026004FBB97FDD1FA3AFDD3" box="[165,1422,583,606]" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBB97FDD1FF55FDD3" box="[165,225,583,606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">N</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB90EFDD1FDCDFDD3" box="[572,633,583,606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB9E8FDD1FCA2FDD3" box="[730,790,583,606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB84AFDD1FC01FDD3" box="[888,949,583,606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF24FDD1FBE6FDD3" box="[1046,1106,583,606]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF81FDD1FB44FDD3" box="[1203,1264,583,606]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBE63FDD1FA3AFDD3" box="[1361,1422,583,606]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2026004FBB97FDE2FA3AFD06" box="[165,1422,628,651]" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBB97FDE2FF55FD06" box="[165,225,628,651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mean</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB90EFDE2FDCDFD06" box="[572,633,628,651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.556</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB9E8FDE2FCA2FD06" box="[730,790,628,651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.361</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB84AFDE2FC01FD06" box="[888,949,628,651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.104</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF24FDE2FBE6FD06" box="[1046,1106,628,651]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.100</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF81FDE2FB44FD06" box="[1203,1264,628,651]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.214</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBE63FDE2FA3AFD06" box="[1361,1422,628,651]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.240</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2026004FBB97FD34FA3AFD34" box="[165,1422,674,697]" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBB97FD34FF55FD34" box="[165,225,674,697]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">SD</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB90EFD34FDCDFD34" box="[572,633,674,697]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.063</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB9E8FD34FCA2FD34" box="[730,790,674,697]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.051</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB84AFD34FC01FD34" box="[888,949,674,697]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.009</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF24FD34FBE6FD34" box="[1046,1106,674,697]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.010</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF81FD34FB44FD34" box="[1203,1264,674,697]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.019</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBE63FD34FA3AFD34" box="[1361,1422,674,697]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.028</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2026004FBB97FD59FA3AFD6B" box="[165,1422,719,742]" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBB97FD59FF55FD6B" box="[165,225,719,742]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Min</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB90EFD59FDCDFD6B" box="[572,633,719,742]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.450</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB9E8FD59FCA2FD6B" box="[730,790,719,742]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.270</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB84AFD59FC01FD6B" box="[888,949,719,742]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.081</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF24FD59FBE6FD6B" box="[1046,1106,719,742]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.090</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF81FD59FB44FD6B" box="[1203,1264,719,742]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.180</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBE63FD59FA3AFD6B" box="[1361,1422,719,742]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.216</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2FAF9E7A2026004FBB97FD6BFA3AFC99" box="[165,1422,765,788]" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<th id="6C7EF7062026004FBB97FD6BFF55FC99" box="[165,225,765,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Max</th>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB90EFD6BFDCDFC99" box="[572,633,765,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.666</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB9E8FD6BFCA2FC99" box="[730,790,765,788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.504</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FB84AFD6BFC01FC99" box="[888,949,765,788]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.117</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF24FD6BFBE6FC99" box="[1046,1106,765,788]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.117</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBF81FD6BFB44FC99" box="[1203,1264,765,788]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.234</td>
<td id="6C7EF7062026004FBE63FD6BFA3AFC99" box="[1361,1422,765,788]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">0.306</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32026FF83BBA5FCC0FCD7FCE2" box="[151,867,854,879]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBA5FCC0FCD7FCE2" blockId="51.[151,1437,854,1383]" box="[151,867,854,879]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBA5FCC0FE34FCE2" bold="true" box="[151,384,854,879]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Material examined.</emphasis>
VMNH no. 70641; USNM no. 1283253.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32026FF83BBF5FCECFE4FFB76" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBF5FCECFE4FFB76" blockId="51.[151,1437,854,1383]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBF5FCECFEE5FC1E" bold="true" box="[199,337,890,915]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Description</emphasis>
. Colony encrusting on hard substrata (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2026FF83B823FCECFCD1FC1F" box="[785,869,890,915]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,199,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[186,1394,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873): A, irregular encrusting colony; B, autozooids near edge of colony, showing two orificial spines; C, zooids with ooecia; D, single autozooid, showing long narrow avicularia; E, close up of orifice showing two spines and narrow lyrula; F, another orifice showing condyles and lyrula. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260518/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
A). Zooids more or less rectangular to irregularly polygonal. Frontal shield flat, imperforate, with surface made up of large hemispherical mounds of calcification (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2026FF83BBADFC54FF47FC57" box="[159,243,962,987]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,199,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[186,1394,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873): A, irregular encrusting colony; B, autozooids near edge of colony, showing two orificial spines; C, zooids with ooecia; D, single autozooid, showing long narrow avicularia; E, close up of orifice showing two spines and narrow lyrula; F, another orifice showing condyles and lyrula. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260518/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
B, C), edged by row of large marginal pores. Primary orifice rounded distally, with denticulate condyles and narrow rounded lyrula (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2026FF83BAFCFC70FDABFC72" box="[462,543,998,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,199,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[186,1394,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873): A, irregular encrusting colony; B, autozooids near edge of colony, showing two orificial spines; C, zooids with ooecia; D, single autozooid, showing long narrow avicularia; E, close up of orifice showing two spines and narrow lyrula; F, another orifice showing condyles and lyrula. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260518/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
E, F). Secondary orifice teardrop-shaped at edge of low laterally, and sometimes distally, raised peristome that partly conceals primary orifice (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2026FF83B847FB9CFC7FFBAF" box="[885,971,1034,1059]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,199,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[186,1394,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873): A, irregular encrusting colony; B, autozooids near edge of colony, showing two orificial spines; C, zooids with ooecia; D, single autozooid, showing long narrow avicularia; E, close up of orifice showing two spines and narrow lyrula; F, another orifice showing condyles and lyrula. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260518/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
CD). Usually 2, sometimes 3, orificial spines, soon covered by secondary calcification. Avicularia variable in size, usually 1 long and narrow, proximally or slightly proximolaterally directed, positioned toward lateral edge of frontal wall proximal to orifice on one side and often another shorter one on the opposite side (
<figureCitation id="09A480BD2026FF83B9E3FBE0FC97FB02" box="[721,803,1142,1167]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="50.[151,250,1888,1910]" captionTargetBox="[198,1394,199,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[186,1394,193,1852]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 28. Parasmittina spathulata (Smitt, 1873): A, irregular encrusting colony; B, autozooids near edge of colony, showing two orificial spines; C, zooids with ooecia; D, single autozooid, showing long narrow avicularia; E, close up of orifice showing two spines and narrow lyrula; F, another orifice showing condyles and lyrula. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm; E, F, 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/260518/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
E), each with roundly pointed rostral tip and palatal shelf occupying almost half rostral length. Larger, more-spatulate avicularia may also occur. Ovicell prominent, hyperstomial, with tops and sides covered with granular calcification, and frontal surface with many small irregularly spaced pseudopores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32026FF83BBF5FA90FDEFFACF" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBF5FA90FDEFFACF" blockId="51.[151,1437,854,1383]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBF5FA90FE8FFA92" bold="true" box="[199,315,1286,1311]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is probably the most abundant
<taxonomicName id="569FE7BB2026FF83B9D4FA91FCCCFA93" box="[742,888,1287,1310]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83B9D4FA91FCCCFA93" box="[742,888,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Parasmittina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurring on subtidal to shelf-depth calcareous substrata on the southeastern
<collectingCountry id="E988DCA82026FF83BAD2FABCFDA6FACF" box="[480,530,1322,1346]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">U.S.</collectingCountry>
coast.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D985CFB32026FF83BBF5FAD8FBE7FAEA" box="[199,1107,1358,1383]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="91209C382026FF83BBF5FAD8FBE7FAEA" blockId="51.[151,1437,854,1383]" box="[199,1107,1358,1383]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="A3EB402A2026FF83BBF5FAD8FED4FAEA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1358,1383]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Distribution.</emphasis>
Western Atlantic: Cape Hatteras to Caribbean and Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="E988DCA82026FF83B8C4FAD8FBFBFAEA" box="[1014,1103,1358,1383]" name="Mexico" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>