224 lines
26 KiB
XML
224 lines
26 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D02D0D3F1675F61F9AF81040CA42C32C">The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thua Thien Hue and Lam Dong Provinces, Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5E80F371D71E7DDEF8C8D072A7CB09BD">Takaoka, Hiroyuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="42F5DE666140094035151E92782C9216">Sofian-Azirun, Mohd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F454E0E8024DE2D93DE5786A7328A552">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="771801B325341735A922389E148067F6">Ya’Cob, Zubaidah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="69DB036F5780BDE2747BD1A5FE1EC92A">Chen, Chee Dhang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1046D0986A979ACEAE3D8A4B79FBA6D7">Lau, Koon Weng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="931C4A73ED89C4160362D24760FC37D4">Pham, Xuan Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="19884CED4FC53A9F420CB2EA25561BF5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="425FA3A114EF9ED97E3B791733361ED2">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="30C88E0009D15D4651CB029B8CE49061">3961</mods:number>
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<treatment id="190987B3135B7B5B5AF6FC2BF28AFF30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3507955" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127691483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3507955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:190987B3135B7B5B5AF6FC2BF28AFF30" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/190987B3135B7B5B5AF6FC2BF28AFF30" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<subSubSection id="D9BA652E135B7B5A5AF6FC2BF0C1FBE7" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="911F36A5135B7B5A5AF6FC2BF3B6FC06" blockId="84.[151,911,967,1027]" box="[151,911,967,994]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<heading id="CA5781C9135B7B5A5AF6FC2BF3B6FC06" bold="true" box="[151,911,967,994]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AF6FC2BF3B6FC06" bold="true" box="[151,911,967,994]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="56A04D26135B7B5A5AF6FC2BF334FC06" ID-CoL="8DYZB" authority="Takaoka & Davies, 1995" authorityName="Takaoka & Davies" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,781,967,994]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani" subGenus="Simulium">
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<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AF6FC2BF1EFFC05" bold="true" box="[151,470,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Simulium (Simulium) tani</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F5314B54135B7B5A5BBCFC24F334FC06" author="Takaoka" box="[477,781,968,994]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Takaoka, H. & Davies, D. M. (1995) The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of West Malaysia. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka, viii + 175 pp." type="book" year="1995">Takaoka & Davies, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(complex)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="911F36A5135B7B5A5AF6FC06F0C1FBE7" blockId="84.[151,911,967,1027]" box="[151,248,1002,1027]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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(
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<figureCitation id="099B2A20135B7B5A5AFEFC06F0C8FBE7" box="[159,241,1002,1027]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[153,1423,283,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,267,1542]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 38. Pupa of Simulium (Simulium) tani (complex). A – F, morphoform ‘ a’; G – M, morphoform ‘ b’. A & G, frontal trichomes; B & H, facial trichomes; C & I, anterodorsal thoracic trichomes; D & J, anterolateral thoracic trichomes; E & K, mediolateral thoracic trichomes; F & L, ventrolateral thoracic trichomes; M, gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for M; 0.02 mm for A, B, D, E and G – L; 0.01 mm for C and F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288610/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9BA652E135B7B5A5AF6FBDEF132F9FD" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="911F36A5135B7B5A5AF6FBDEF472FBAC" blockId="84.[151,1099,1074,1096]" box="[151,1099,1074,1096]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B1B0118B135B7B5A5AF6FBDEF472FBAC" box="[151,1099,1074,1096]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<taxonomicName id="56A04D26135B7B5A5AF6FBDEF2E9FBAC" ID-CoL="8DYZB" authority="Takaoka & Davies, 1995: 137" authorityName="Takaoka & Davies" authorityPageNumber="137" authorityYear="1995" box="[151,720,1074,1096]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani" subGenus="Simulium">
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<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AF6FBDEF1A2FBAC" box="[151,411,1074,1096]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Simulium (Simulium) tani</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="100110B4135B7B5A5BC0FBDEF2E9FBAC" author="Takaoka" box="[417,720,1074,1096]" page="137" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="F5314B54135B7B5A5BC0FBDEF299FBAC" author="Takaoka" box="[417,672,1074,1096]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Takaoka, H. & Davies, D. M. (1995) The Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of West Malaysia. Kyushu University Press, Fukuoka, viii + 175 pp." type="book" year="1995">Takaoka & Davies, 1995</bibRefCitation>
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: 137
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–141 (Female, male, pupa and larva).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="911F36A5135B7B5A5AF6FB99F132F9FD" blockId="84.[151,1436,1141,2030]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AF6FB99F1ABFB6A" bold="true" box="[151,402,1141,1166]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Specimens examined</emphasis>
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. Morphoform ‘a’: Eight females,
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<specimenCount id="87A6FD2C135B7B5A597EFB9AF3B0FB6A" box="[799,905,1141,1166]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="87A6FD2C135B7B5A59F6FB9AF43DFB69" box="[919,1028,1142,1166]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="pupa">10 pupae</specimenCount>
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, 15 mature larvae collected from a moderately to fast flowing stream (width
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<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A58E7FB76F2EDFB55" box="[646,724,1178,1202]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 m</quantity>
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, depth 0.5–1.0 m, water temperature 17˚C, partially shaded, altitude
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<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A5A90FB51F103FB31" box="[241,314,1213,1238]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.279999999999999" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="628.0">628 m</quantity>
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, 16˚18’16.209” N/107˚12’48.027” E), Luoi, Thua Thien Hue Province, central
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<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5ED1FB51F52BFB32" box="[1200,1298,1213,1238]" name="Vietnam" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="E51E1065135B7B5A5F7DFB52F5A1FB32" box="[1308,1432,1214,1238]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2014-02-24">24-II-2014</date>
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, by H. Takaoka, M. Sofian-Azirun, Z. Ya’cob, C.D. Chen & K.W. Lau. Morphoform ‘b’: Four females,
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<specimenCount id="87A6FD2C135B7B5A5F71FB0EF54CFB1E" box="[1296,1397,1249,1274]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="male">11 males</specimenCount>
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, all reared from pupae collected from a small stream (width 0.5–2.0 m, depth
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<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A5998FAE9F458FAF9" box="[1017,1121,1285,1310]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
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, water temperature 22.0˚C, shaded, altitude
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<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A5B37FAC6F181FAA5" box="[342,440,1322,1346]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.443" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="1443.0">1,443 m</quantity>
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, 11˚59’25.511” N/108˚22’06.350” E), moderately flowing from a natural forest, Suoi Vang (
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<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A5ABEFAA2F11EFA82" box="[223,295,1357,1382]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="km" value="21.0">21 km</quantity>
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from Dalat), Lac Duong District, Lam Dong Province, southern
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<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5999FAA1F463FA82" box="[1016,1114,1357,1382]" name="Vietnam" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="E51E1065135B7B5A5E05FAA2F4D1FA82" box="[1124,1256,1358,1382]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2014-04-22">22-IV-2014</date>
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, by H. Takaoka, M. Sofian-Azirun, Z. Ya’cob, C.D. Chen & K.W. Lau;
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<specimenCount id="87A6FD2C135B7B5A5962FA9EF3B8FA6E" box="[771,897,1393,1418]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
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, three males, five pupae and four pupal exuviae collected from a small stream (width
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||
<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A585CFA7AF2BEFA49" box="[573,647,1430,1454]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 m</quantity>
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||
, depth
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<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A58B8FA7AF375FA49" box="[729,844,1430,1454]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="10.0">10–20 cm</quantity>
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||
, water temperature 15.0˚C, partially shaded, altitude
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||
<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A5AF6FA55F0CDFA35" box="[151,244,1465,1490]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.539" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="1539.0">1,539 m</quantity>
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, 12˚01’24.991” N/108˚25’30.704” E), moderately flowing in Resort Park, Langbiang, Lac Duong District, Lam Dong Province, southern
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<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5B97FA31F261FA12" box="[502,600,1501,1526]" name="Vietnam" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="E51E1065135B7B5A5804FA31F2D3FA12" box="[613,746,1501,1526]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2014-04-25">25-IV-2014</date>
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, by H. Takaoka, M. Sofian-Azirun, Z. Ya’cob, C.D. Chen & K.W. Lau.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9BA652E135B7B5A5AA6F9C9F3F5F9DA" box="[199,972,1573,1598]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="911F36A5135B7B5A5AA6F9C9F3F5F9DA" blockId="84.[151,1436,1141,2030]" box="[199,972,1573,1598]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AA6F9C9F159F9DA" bold="true" box="[199,352,1573,1598]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5B85F9C9F277F9DA" box="[484,590,1573,1598]" name="Malaysia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5838F9C9F286F9DA" box="[601,703,1573,1598]" name="Thailand" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, Sumatra, and
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<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5904F9C9F3F1F9DA" box="[869,968,1573,1598]" name="Vietnam" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9BA652E135B7B5B5AA6F9A5F28AFF30" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="911F36A5135B7B5B5AA6F9A5F28AFF30" blockId="84.[151,1436,1141,2030]" lastBlockId="85.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="85" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
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<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AA6F9A5F102F986" bold="true" box="[199,315,1609,1634]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species is a species-complex comprising 12 cytoforms (
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<bibRefCitation id="F5314B54135B7B5A5E4EF9A5F552F986" author="Adler" box="[1071,1387,1609,1634]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Adler, P. H. & Crosskey, R. W. (2014) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory [2014]. 122 pp. Available from: http: // entweb. clemson. edu / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf (accessed 31 March 2014)" type="book" year="2014">Adler and Crosskey 2014</bibRefCitation>
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). In
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<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5AF6F981F0C4F962" box="[151,253,1645,1670]" name="Thailand" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, nine cytoforms of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56A04D26135B7B5A5B9EF982F24FF961" box="[511,630,1646,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5B9EF982F22DF961" box="[511,532,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5845F982F200F961" box="[548,569,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A582BF982F24FF961" box="[586,630,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">tani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(complex) are known (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5314B54135B7B5A5918F981F4A4F962" author="Adler" box="[889,1181,1645,1670]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" refString="Adler, P. H. & Crosskey, R. W. (2014) World Blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): A Comprehensive Revision of the Taxonomic and Geographical Inventory [2014]. 122 pp. Available from: http: // entweb. clemson. edu / biomia / pdfs / blackflyinventory. pdf (accessed 31 March 2014)" type="book" year="2014">Adler and Crosskey 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In our surveys, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56A04D26135B7B5A5FE6F982F0CBF94D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani" subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5FE6F982F5A5F961" box="[1415,1436,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AC1F97EF08CF94D" box="[160,181,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5AA7F97EF0CBF94D" box="[198,242,1682,1705]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">tani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(complex) is divided into two morphoforms (‘a’ and ‘b’): morphoform ‘a’ collected from central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5F5CF97DF5A5F94E" box="[1341,1436,1681,1706]" name="Vietnam" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
and morphoform ‘b’ collected from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A58C3F959F33CF92A" box="[674,773,1717,1742]" name="Vietnam" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Morphoform ‘a’ is similar to cytoform ‘K’ of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56A04D26135B7B5A5F33F95AF5A5F929" box="[1362,1436,1718,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tani">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135B7B5A5F33F95AF5A5F929" box="[1362,1436,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">S. tani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(complex) from Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5BBBF935F278F916" box="[474,577,1753,1778]" name="Malaysia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
although the length ratio of the female sensory vesicle against the third segment of the maxillary palp is different from that of the latter cytoform (i.e.,
|
||
<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A5E66F911F4ADF8F2" box="[1031,1172,1789,1814]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3335" metricValueMax="1.397" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="0.525" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.5">0.50–0.55 in</quantity>
|
||
morphoform ‘a’ vesrus
|
||
<quantity id="56589B40135B7B5A5AF6F8CDF0D4F8DE" box="[151,237,1825,1850]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6002" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="in" value="0.63">0.63 in</quantity>
|
||
cytoform ‘K’, which was obtained by measuring recently collected samples). Morphoform ‘b’ is characterized by lacking pupal terminal hooks, by which this form is separated from cytoform ‘K’ from Peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A5AF6F885F0C7F866" box="[151,254,1897,1922]" name="Malaysia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and morphoform ‘a’ from central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9B77635135B7B5A58E8F885F2D5F866" box="[649,748,1897,1922]" name="Vietnam" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Morphoform ‘b’ is also distinguished from cytoform ‘K’ in the female by the relatively smaller size of the sensory vesicle to the third maxillary palpal segment (0.55 versus 0.63). Morphoform ‘b’ is also distinguished from morphoform ‘a’ by the short anterodorsal trichomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="099B2A20135B7B5A5F4EF85DF5B8F82E" box="[1327,1409,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[153,1423,283,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,267,1542]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 38. Pupa of Simulium (Simulium) tani (complex). A – F, morphoform ‘ a’; G – M, morphoform ‘ b’. A & G, frontal trichomes; B & H, facial trichomes; C & I, anterodorsal thoracic trichomes; D & J, anterolateral thoracic trichomes; E & K, mediolateral thoracic trichomes; F & L, ventrolateral thoracic trichomes; M, gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for M; 0.02 mm for A, B, D, E and G – L; 0.01 mm for C and F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288610/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="E51E1065135B7B5A5F04F85EF5B8F82E" box="[1381,1409,1970,1994]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1938-01">38</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
I) that are subequal in length to the anterolateral trichomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="099B2A20135B7B5A597DF839F354F80A" box="[796,877,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[153,1423,283,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,267,1542]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 38. Pupa of Simulium (Simulium) tani (complex). A – F, morphoform ‘ a’; G – M, morphoform ‘ b’. A & G, frontal trichomes; B & H, facial trichomes; C & I, anterodorsal thoracic trichomes; D & J, anterolateral thoracic trichomes; E & K, mediolateral thoracic trichomes; F & L, ventrolateral thoracic trichomes; M, gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for M; 0.02 mm for A, B, D, E and G – L; 0.01 mm for C and F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288610/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
J) [cf., anterodorsal trichomes of morphoform ‘a’ are short (
|
||
<figureCitation id="099B2A20135A7B5B5B69FF7BF160FF54" box="[264,345,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[153,1423,283,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,267,1542]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 38. Pupa of Simulium (Simulium) tani (complex). A – F, morphoform ‘ a’; G – M, morphoform ‘ b’. A & G, frontal trichomes; B & H, facial trichomes; C & I, anterodorsal thoracic trichomes; D & J, anterolateral thoracic trichomes; E & K, mediolateral thoracic trichomes; F & L, ventrolateral thoracic trichomes; M, gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for M; 0.02 mm for A, B, D, E and G – L; 0.01 mm for C and F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288610/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
C)]. The pupal gills of mophoforms ‘a’ and ‘b’ are almost the same (
|
||
<figureCitation id="099B2A20135A7B5B5E07FF7BF48FFF54" box="[1126,1206,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 38" captionStartId="85.[151,250,1564,1586]" captionTargetBox="[153,1423,283,1541]" captionTargetId="figure@85.[151,1436,267,1542]" captionTargetPageId="85" captionText="FIGURE 38. Pupa of Simulium (Simulium) tani (complex). A – F, morphoform ‘ a’; G – M, morphoform ‘ b’. A & G, frontal trichomes; B & H, facial trichomes; C & I, anterodorsal thoracic trichomes; D & J, anterolateral thoracic trichomes; E & K, mediolateral thoracic trichomes; F & L, ventrolateral thoracic trichomes; M, gill (left side; outer view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for M; 0.02 mm for A, B, D, E and G – L; 0.01 mm for C and F." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288610/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
M) but are different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56A04D26135A7B5B5B45FF50F1FEFF30" box="[292,455,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xuandei" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Simulium">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135A7B5B5B45FF50F100FF37" box="[292,313,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135A7B5B5B28FF50F164FF37" box="[329,349,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135A7B5B5B0FFF50F1FEFF30" box="[366,455,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">xuandei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="A3D4EAB7135A7B5B5BAFFF50F21EFF31" bold="true" box="[462,551,188,213]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E757CC135A7B5B5BAFFF50F21EFF31" box="[462,551,188,213]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="099B2A20135A7B5B5856FF50F2BEFF30" box="[567,647,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[187,1422,206,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@90.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 41. Pupa and mature larva of Simulium (Simulium) xuandei sp. nov. A – I, pupa; J – L, larva. A, tubercles with minute secondary projections on frons; B, frontal trichomes; C, facial trichome; D – G, thoracic trichomes (D, anterodorsal; E, anterolateral; F, mediolateral; G, ventrolateral); H, gill filaments (right side; outer view); I, terminal hooks (caudal view); J, mandible; K, hypostoma; L, head capsule with postgenal cleft (ventral view). Scale bars. 0.1 mm for H; 0.05 mm for L; 0.02 mm for A – G and I – K." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/288613/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |