treatments-xml/data/03/8F/87/038F87AD2B11FFA62EC55B1CFD9B0C2F.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.7717/peerj.7386" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41ff7b58-5204-42ec-b85a-75a6904af370" ID-PMC="PMC6716565" ID-PubMed="31523494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5767530" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1638970172773" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Brehm, Gunnar, Sihvonen, Pasi, Hausmann, Axel, Holm, Sille, Ghanavi, Hamid Reza, Õunap, Erki, Truuverk, Andro, Staude, Hermann, Friedrich, Egbert, Tammaru, Toomas &amp; Wahlberg, Niklas" docDate="2019" docId="038F87AD2B11FFA62EC55B1CFD9B0C2F" docLanguage="en" docName="PeerJ.7.e7386.pdf" docOrigin="PeerJ 7" docTitle="Geometridae Leach 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="FFB6FFD52B1FFFB72F375F1EFFC20D03" masterDocTitle="A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies" masterLastPageNumber="39" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668138804254" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title>A comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) with a focus on enigmatic small subfamilies</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Murillo-Ramos, Leidys</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Brehm, Gunnar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Sihvonen, Pasi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Holm, Sille</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Ghanavi, Hamid Reza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Staude, Hermann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Friedrich, Egbert</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection box="[498,808,1026,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,808,1026,1052]" box="[498,808,1026,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading bold="true" box="[498,808,1026,1052]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Leach, 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[498,808,1026,1052]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[498,808,1026,1052]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Geometridae Leach, 1815</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1071,1935]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The phylogenetic hypothesis presented in this study is by far the most comprehensive to date in terms of the number of markers, sampled taxa and geographical coverage. In total, our sample includes 814 genera, thus representing 41% of the currently recognized 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[498,649,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
genera (
<bibRefCitation author="Scoble &amp; Hausmann" box="[752,1061,1191,1217]" firstAuthor="Scoble" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" publicationUrl="http://www.lepbarcoding.org/geometridae/species_checklists.php" refId="ref20613" refString="Scoble MJ, Hausmann A. 2007. Online list of valid and available names of the Geometridae of the world. Available at http: // www. lepbarcoding. org / geometridae / species _ checklists. php." title="Online list of valid and available names of the Geometridae of the world" type="url" year="2007">
<emphasis box="[752,1061,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Scoble &amp; Hausmann, 2007</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). Previous phylogenetic hypotheses were based mainly on the European fauna and many clades were ambiguously supported due to low taxon sampling. The general patterns of the phylogenetic relationships among the subfamilies recovered in our study largely agrees with previous hypotheses based on morphological characters and different sets of molecular markers (
<bibRefCitation author="Holloway" box="[1285,1465,1350,1376]" firstAuthor="Holloway" journalOrPublisher="Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1 - 242" part="51" refId="ref18955" refString="Holloway J. 1997. The moths of Borneo, part 10: family Geometridae, subfamilies Sterrhinae and Larentiinae. Malayan Nature Journal 51: 1 - 242." title="The moths of Borneo, part 10: family Geometridae, subfamilies Sterrhinae and Larentiinae" type="journal article" year="1997">
<emphasis box="[1285,1465,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holloway, 1997</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Abraham" box="[498,739,1390,1416]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Abraham" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="65 - 77" part="20" refId="ref18035" refString="Abraham D, Ryrholm N, Wittzell H, Jeremy DH, Scoble MJ, Lofstedt C. 2001. Molecular phylogeny of the subfamilies in Geometridae (Geometroidea: Lepidoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20 (1): 65 - 77 DOI 10.1006 / mpev. 2001.0949." title="Molecular phylogeny of the subfamilies in Geometridae (Geometroidea: Lepidoptera)" type="journal article" year="2001">
<emphasis box="[498,739,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Abraham et al., 2001</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Yamamoto &amp; Sota" box="[752,1034,1390,1416]" firstAuthor="Yamamoto" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="711 - 723" part="44" refId="ref21575" refString="Yamamoto S, Sota T. 2007. Phylogeny of the Geometridae and the evolution of winter moths inferred from a simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2): 711 - 723 DOI 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.12.027." title="Phylogeny of the Geometridae and the evolution of winter moths inferred from a simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes" type="journal article" year="2007">
<emphasis box="[752,1034,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Yamamoto &amp; Sota, 2007</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen" box="[1047,1282,1390,1416]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sihvonen" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="20356" part="6" refId="ref20700" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLOS ONE 6 (6): e 20356 DOI 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0020356." title="Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
<emphasis box="[1047,1282,1390,1416]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[1047,1152,1390,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
et al., 2011
</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). However, the results of our larger dataset differ in many details and shed light on the phylogenetic relationships of several, poorly resolved, small subfamilies.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[498,1542,1071,1935]" lastBlockId="16.[498,1542,1337,1921]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1892" box="[530,650,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sterrhinae">Sterrhinae</taxonomicName>
are recovered as the sister subfamily to the remaining 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1300,1454,1509,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
. This result is not in concordance with 
<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen" box="[896,1150,1549,1575]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sihvonen" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="20356" part="6" refId="ref20700" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLOS ONE 6 (6): e 20356 DOI 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0020356." title="Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
<emphasis box="[896,1150,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[896,1001,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
et al. (2011)
</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Yamamoto &amp; Sota" box="[1165,1466,1549,1576]" firstAuthor="Yamamoto" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="711 - 723" part="44" refId="ref21575" refString="Yamamoto S, Sota T. 2007. Phylogeny of the Geometridae and the evolution of winter moths inferred from a simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2): 711 - 723 DOI 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.12.027." title="Phylogeny of the Geometridae and the evolution of winter moths inferred from a simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes" type="journal article" year="2007">
<emphasis box="[1165,1466,1549,1576]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Yamamoto &amp; Sota (2007)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Regier" box="[498,718,1589,1615]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Regier" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="280" part="9" refId="ref20355" refString="Regier JC, Zwick A, Cummings MP, Kawahara AY, Cho S, Weller S, Roe A, Baixeras J, Brown JW, Parr C, Davis DR, Epstein M, Hallwachs W, Hausmann A, Janzen DH, Kitching IJ, Solis MA, Yen SH, Bazinet AL, Mitter C. 2009. Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9 (1): 280 DOI 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 9 - 280." title="Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study" type="journal article" year="2009">
<emphasis box="[498,718,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Regier et al. (2009)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
, who found a sister group relationship between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1892" box="[1290,1410,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sterrhinae">Sterrhinae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[498,630,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
which in turn were sister to the rest of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1103,1257,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen" box="[1268,1522,1629,1655]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sihvonen" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="20356" part="6" refId="ref20700" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLOS ONE 6 (6): e 20356 DOI 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0020356." title="Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
<emphasis box="[1268,1522,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[1268,1373,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
et al. (2011)
</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
showed the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1892" box="[640,760,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sterrhinae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sterrhinae</taxonomicName>
+ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[794,926,1669,1695]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
sister relationship with low support, while 
<bibRefCitation author="Yamamoto &amp; Sota" box="[498,799,1709,1735]" firstAuthor="Yamamoto" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="711 - 723" part="44" refId="ref21575" refString="Yamamoto S, Sota T. 2007. Phylogeny of the Geometridae and the evolution of winter moths inferred from a simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2): 711 - 723 DOI 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2006.12.027." title="Phylogeny of the Geometridae and the evolution of winter moths inferred from a simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes" type="journal article" year="2007">
<emphasis box="[498,799,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Yamamoto &amp; Sota (2007)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="Regier" box="[860,1080,1709,1735]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Regier" journalOrPublisher="BMC Evolutionary Biology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="280" part="9" refId="ref20355" refString="Regier JC, Zwick A, Cummings MP, Kawahara AY, Cho S, Weller S, Roe A, Baixeras J, Brown JW, Parr C, Davis DR, Epstein M, Hallwachs W, Hausmann A, Janzen DH, Kitching IJ, Solis MA, Yen SH, Bazinet AL, Mitter C. 2009. Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9 (1): 280 DOI 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 9 - 280." title="Toward reconstructing the evolution of advanced moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia): an initial molecular study" type="journal article" year="2009">
<emphasis box="[860,1080,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Regier et al. (2009)</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
included only a few samples in their analyses. Our analyses include representatives from almost all known tribes currently included in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1892" box="[635,755,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sterrhinae">Sterrhinae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[811,946,1788,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
. The higher number of markers, improved methods of analysis, the broader taxon sampling as well as the stability of our results suggests that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1892" box="[498,618,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sterrhinae">Sterrhinae</taxonomicName>
are indeed the sister group to the remaining 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1156,1310,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Geometridae</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1892" box="[1322,1442,1868,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sterrhinae">Sterrhinae</taxonomicName>
(after transfer of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[629,717,1909,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ergavia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[629,717,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ergavia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1822" box="[732,823,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ametris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[732,823,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ametris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1841" box="[884,989,1909,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Macrotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[884,989,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Macrotes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, see details below), 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[1225,1359,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Larentiinae">Larentiinae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fletcher" authorityYear="1953" box="[1372,1524,1908,1934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Archiearinae">Archiearinae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[498,649,1337,1363]" pageId="16" pageNumber="12" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[711,846,1337,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
were highly supported as monophyletic. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[1334,1523,1337,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" box="[551,744,1376,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmobathrinae">Desmobathrinae</taxonomicName>
formed polyphyletic and paraphyletic assemblages, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[117,722,248,270]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Table 2 Summary of formally proposed taxonomic changes.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[108,534,302,324]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,534,302,324]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Transfer from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fletcher" authorityYear="1953" box="[257,385,302,324]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Archiearinae">Archiearinae</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[420,534,302,324]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,613,340,362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Turner, 1926" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1926" box="[124,351,340,362]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Acalyphes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,218,340,361]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Acalyphes</emphasis>
Turner, 1926
</taxonomicName>
, to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[389,502,340,362]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[511,613,340,362]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,556,369,391]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1910" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1910" box="[124,294,370,391]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dirce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,174,370,391]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dirce</emphasis>
Prout, 1910
</taxonomicName>
, to 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[332,445,369,391]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[454,556,369,391]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[108,798,407,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,798,407,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Transfer from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[257,417,407,429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" box="[452,617,407,429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmobathrinae">Desmobathrinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" box="[631,787,407,429]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Desmobathrini">Desmobathrini</taxonomicName>
):
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,324,445,466]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Guest, 1887" authorityName="Guest" authorityYear="1887" box="[124,324,445,466]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Nearcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,203,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Nearcha</emphasis>
Guest, 1887
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,332,474,496]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1861" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1861" box="[124,332,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Racasta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,197,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Racasta</emphasis>
Walker, 1861
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,472,503,525]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Herrich-Schaffer, 1855" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityYear="1855" box="[124,472,503,525]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Zanclopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,247,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Zanclopteryx</emphasis>
Herrich-Schäffer, 1855
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[108,592,540,562]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,592,540,562]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
Transfer from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[257,417,540,562]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[452,588,540,562]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epidesmiinae">Epidesmiinae</taxonomicName>
:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,406,578,600]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[124,406,578,600]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Abraxaphantes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,267,578,599]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Abraxaphantes</emphasis>
Warren, 1894
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,327,607,629]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren 1987" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[124,327,607,629]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Adeixis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,193,607,628]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Adeixis</emphasis>
Warren 1987
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,380,637,659]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee 1858" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1857" box="[124,380,637,659]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dichromodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,247,637,658]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Dichromodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee" box="[254,380,637,659]" firstAuthor="Guenee" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,332,666,687]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Turner, 1929" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1929" box="[124,332,666,687]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ecphyas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,200,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ecphyas</emphasis>
Turner, 1929
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,496,696,718]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Duncan &amp; Westwood, 1841" authorityName="Duncan &amp; Westwood" authorityYear="1841" box="[124,496,696,718]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Epidesmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,221,696,717]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Epidesmia</emphasis>
Duncan &amp; Westwood, 1841
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,376,725,746]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Turner, 1930" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1930" box="[124,376,725,746]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phrixocomes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,243,725,746]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phrixocomes</emphasis>
Turner, 1930
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,351,754,776]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1863" authorityName="Walker." authorityYear="1863" box="[124,351,754,776]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Phrataria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,216,754,775]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Phrataria</emphasis>
Walker, 1863
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[124,339,783,805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Turner, 1904" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1904" box="[124,339,783,805]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Systatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[124,207,784,805]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Systatica</emphasis>
Turner, 1904
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,798,248,845]" box="[108,498,823,845]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,498,823,845]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
New tribe combinations in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[384,498,823,845]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,678,866,888]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1898" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1898" box="[108,349,866,888]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,209,866,887]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Psilocladia</emphasis>
Warren, 1898
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[554,678,866,888]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gonodontini">Gonodontini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,639,904,926]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1902" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1902" box="[108,351,904,926]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Oedicentra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,211,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Oedicentra</emphasis>
Warren, 1902
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[417,513,904,926]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Boarmiini">Boarmiini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[547,639,904,926]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gnophini">Gnophini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,652,942,964]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Janse, 1932" authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1932" box="[108,355,942,963]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hypotephrina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,239,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hypotephrina</emphasis>
Janse, 1932
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[560,652,942,964]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Gnophini">Gnophini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,637,979,1001]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1857" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1857" box="[108,315,979,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Capusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,178,980,1001]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Capusa</emphasis>
Walker, 1857
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[380,501,979,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[535,637,979,1001]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,674,1017,1039]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Meyrick, 1892" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1892" box="[108,351,1017,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mictodoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,207,1017,1038]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mictodoca</emphasis>
Meyrick, 1892
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[417,538,1017,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[572,674,1017,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,692,1054,1076]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="McQuillan, 1996" authorityName="McQuillan" authorityYear="1996" box="[108,370,1054,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Furcatrox" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,201,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Furcatrox</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="McQuillan" box="[208,370,1054,1076]" editor="Nielsen ES &amp; Edwards TE &amp; Rangsi TV" firstAuthor="McQuillan" journalOrPublisher="Clayton: CSIRO Publishing" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref19376" refString="McQuillan PB, Edwards ED. 1996. Geometroidea. In: Nielsen ES, Edwards TE, Rangsi TV, eds. Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia. Clayton: CSIRO Publishing." title="Geometroidea" type="book" volumeTitle="Checklist of the Lepidoptera of Australia" year="1996">McQuillan, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[435,556,1054,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[590,692,1054,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,633,1092,1114]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Guest, 1897" authorityName="Guest" authorityYear="1897" box="[108,311,1092,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Amelora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,189,1092,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Amelora</emphasis>
Guest, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[376,497,1092,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[531,633,1092,1114]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,685,1129,1151]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Turner, 1926" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1926" box="[108,362,1129,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Archephanes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,228,1129,1150]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Archephanes</emphasis>
Turner, 1926
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[428,549,1129,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[583,685,1129,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,653,1167,1189]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[108,331,1167,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thalaina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,194,1167,1188]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thalaina</emphasis>
Walker, 1855
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[396,517,1167,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[551,653,1167,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,649,1205,1227]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Turner, 1929" authorityName="Turner" authorityYear="1929" box="[108,327,1205,1226]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Niceteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,193,1205,1226]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Niceteria</emphasis>
Turner, 1929
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[392,513,1205,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[547,649,1205,1227]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,605,1242,1264]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1906" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1906" box="[108,326,1242,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Neazata" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,186,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Neazata</emphasis>
Warren, 1906
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Duponchel" authorityYear="1845" box="[387,469,1242,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Caberini">Caberini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[503,605,1242,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,615,1280,1302]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee, 1858" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[108,312,1280,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Idiodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,175,1280,1301]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Idiodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee" box="[182,312,1280,1302]" firstAuthor="Guenee" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[513,615,1280,1302]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,704,1317,1339]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Kruger, 2013" authorityName="Kruger" authorityYear="2013" box="[108,382,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Panhyperochia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,248,1317,1338]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Panhyperochia</emphasis>
Krüger, 2013
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[447,568,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[602,704,1317,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,636,1355,1377]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1865" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1865" box="[108,314,1355,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Mauna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,178,1356,1377]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mauna</emphasis>
Walker, 1865
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[379,500,1355,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[534,636,1355,1377]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,653,1393,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[108,346,1393,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pareclipsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,206,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pareclipsis</emphasis>
Warren, 1894
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[551,653,1393,1415]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1915" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[108,360,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Notodontidae" genus="Crambometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,240,1430,1451]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Crambometra</emphasis>
Prout, 1915
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[565,667,1430,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1897" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[108,408,1468,1489]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,268,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Hebdomophruda</emphasis>
Warren, 1897
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[474,595,1468,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[629,731,1468,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[108,346,1505,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pareclipsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,206,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Pareclipsis</emphasis>
Warren, 1894
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[551,653,1505,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,644,1543,1565]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker 1866" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1866" box="[108,308,1543,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Capasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,177,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Capasa</emphasis>
Walker 1866
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[513,644,1543,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypochrosini">Hypochrosini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[108,340,1581,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Omizodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,200,1581,1602]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Omizodes</emphasis>
Warren, 1894
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[545,676,1581,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hypochrosini">Hypochrosini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1905" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1905" box="[108,371,1618,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metallospora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,231,1618,1639]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Metallospora</emphasis>
Warren, 1905
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[576,675,1618,1640]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassymini">Cassymini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,616,1656,1678]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1862" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1862" box="[108,327,1656,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Obolcola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,191,1656,1677]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Obolcola</emphasis>
Walker, 1862
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[532,616,1656,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abraxini">Abraxini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,668,1693,1715]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Fletcher, 1958" authorityName="Fletcher" authorityYear="1958" box="[108,384,1693,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chelotephrina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,241,1693,1714]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Chelotephrina</emphasis>
Fletcher, 1958
</taxonomicName>
from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[584,668,1693,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abraxini">Abraxini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" box="[108,650,1731,1753]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Holloway, 1994" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[108,371,1731,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Cassephyra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,214,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cassephyra</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Holloway" box="[221,371,1731,1753]" firstAuthor="Holloway" journalOrPublisher="part 11: family Geometridae, subfamily Ennominae" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref18891" refString="Holloway J. 1994. The moths of Borneo, part 11: family Geometridae, subfamily Ennominae. Malayan Nature Journal 47: 1 - 309." title="The moths of Borneo" type="book" year="1994">Holloway, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1994" box="[433,532,1731,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Cassymini">Cassymini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[566,650,1731,1753]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Abraxini">Abraxini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[108,735,866,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName=", Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[108,326,1768,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,191,1769,1790]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Thenopa</emphasis>
Walker, 1855
</taxonomicName>
from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[527,671,1769,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee, 1858" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[108,375,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,237,1807,1828]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee" box="[244,375,1806,1828]" firstAuthor="Guenee" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[436,557,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[591,735,1806,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="DF5966332B0FFFA72F425FE6FE8B0C0D" box="[117,329,248,270]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF5966332B0FFFA72F425FE6FE8B0C0D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[117,172,248,269]" targetBox="[108,1542,302,1239]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="16">
<paragraph blockId="16.[117,329,248,270]" box="[117,329,248,270]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Table 2 (continued).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<table box="[108,1542,302,1239]" gridcols="2" gridrows="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<tr box="[108,1542,302,324]" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<th box="[108,1542,302,324]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,513,302,324]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
New tribe combinations in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[384,513,302,324]" pageId="16" pageNumber="12" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,340,362]" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,1542,340,362]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren 1896" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1896" box="[108,351,340,362]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Agathiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,216,340,361]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Agathiopsis</emphasis>
Warren 1896
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ban et al." authorityYear="2018" box="[556,665,340,362]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,378,400]" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,1542,378,400]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Holloway, 1996" authorityName="Holloway" authorityYear="1996" box="[108,372,378,400]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Albinospila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,214,378,399]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Albinospila</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Holloway" box="[221,372,378,400]" firstAuthor="Holloway" journalOrPublisher="Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="147 - 326" part="49" refId="ref18919" refString="Holloway J. 1996. The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae. Ennominae Malayan Nature Journal 49: 147 - 326." title="The moths of Borneo, part 9: Geometridae (incl. Orthostixini), Oenochrominae, Desmobathrinae, Geometrinae" type="journal article" year="1996">Holloway, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[438,547,378,400]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ban et al." authorityYear="2018" box="[581,690,378,400]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,415,467]" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,1542,415,467]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren 1899" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[108,374,415,437]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Antharmostes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,239,415,436]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Antharmostes</emphasis>
Warren 1899
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ban et al." authorityYear="2018" box="[578,687,415,437]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName authority="Prout 1915" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1915" box="[108,327,444,466]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ctenoberta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,212,445,466]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ctenoberta</emphasis>
Prout 1915
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ban et al." authorityYear="2018" box="[532,641,445,467]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,482,504]" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,1542,482,504]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Warren 1902" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1902" box="[108,376,482,504]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Comostolopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,241,482,503]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Comostolopsis</emphasis>
Warren 1902
</taxonomicName>
, from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ban et al." authorityYear="2018" box="[581,690,482,504]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,520,542]" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,1542,520,542]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Swinhoe 1892" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1892" box="[108,343,520,542]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Oenospila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,201,520,541]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Oenospila</emphasis>
Swinhoe 1892
</taxonomicName>
, from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" box="[409,518,520,542]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Geometrini">Geometrini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="sensu Ban et al." authorityYear="2018" box="[552,661,520,542]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Hemitheini">Hemitheini</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,557,579]" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,557,579]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
New and upgraded tribes in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[396,525,557,579]" pageId="16" pageNumber="12" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td box="[771,1542,557,579]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[771,907,558,579]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Included taxa</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,595,617]" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,595,617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[108,256,595,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="stat. rev." tribe="Archaeobalbini">Archaeobalbini</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[266,351,595,616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[266,351,595,616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[771,1542,595,617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Type genus: 
<taxonomicName authority="Swinhoe, 1893" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[893,1159,595,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Herochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[893,1011,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Herochroma</emphasis>
Swinhoe, 1893
</taxonomicName>
(syn. 
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1912" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1219,1474,595,617]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Archaeobalbis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1219,1352,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Archaeobalbis</emphasis>
Prout, 1912
</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,624,733]" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[771,1542,624,733]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Other included genera: 
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee, 1858" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[1015,1251,624,646]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Pachyodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1015,1112,624,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Pachyodes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee" box="[1120,1251,624,646]" firstAuthor="Guenee" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1895" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1895" box="[1262,1534,624,646]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metallolophia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1262,1393,624,645]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Metallolophia</emphasis>
Warren, 1895
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[787,1064,653,675]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Actenochroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[787,924,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Actenochroma</emphasis>
Warren, 1893
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Swinhoe 1893" authorityName="Swinhoe" authorityYear="1893" box="[1075,1282,653,675]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Absala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1075,1139,653,674]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Absala</emphasis>
Swinhoe 1893
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Yazaki, 1992" authorityName="Yazaki" authorityYear="1992" box="[1293,1534,653,675]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Metaterpna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1293,1403,654,675]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Metaterpna</emphasis>
Yazaki, 1992
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Rothschild, 1894" authorityName="Rothschild" authorityYear="1894" box="[787,1111,683,705]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Limbatochlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[787,942,683,704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Limbatochlamys</emphasis>
Rothschild, 1894
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1894" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1894" box="[1122,1367,683,704]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Psilotagma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1122,1226,683,704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Psilotagma</emphasis>
Warren, 1894
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1378,1453,683,704]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dindica</emphasis>
Warren, 1893
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1912" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[845,1069,712,733]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Dindicodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[845,949,712,733]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Dindicodes</emphasis>
Prout, 1912
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1912" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1912" box="[1080,1330,712,733]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Lophophelma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1080,1208,712,733]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lophophelma</emphasis>
Prout, 1912
</taxonomicName>
.
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,749,772]" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,749,772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[108,645,750,772]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Chlorodontoperini">Chlorodontoperini, Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[656,749,749,771]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[656,749,749,771]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="tribe">trib. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[771,1542,749,772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Type genus: 
<taxonomicName authority="Warren, 1893" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1893" box="[893,1195,750,771]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[893,1052,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Chlorodontopera</emphasis>
Warren, 1893
</taxonomicName>
.
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,779,830]" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[771,1542,779,830]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Species included: 
<taxonomicName authority="(Moore, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[956,1238,779,801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discospilata">
<emphasis box="[956,1092,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. discospilata</emphasis>
(Moore, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="(Leech, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Leech" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[1248,1538,779,801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandarinata">
<emphasis box="[1248,1400,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. mandarinata</emphasis>
(Leech, 1889)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="(Moore, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[787,1062,808,830]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalybeata">
<emphasis box="[787,915,808,829]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. chalybeata</emphasis>
(Moore, 1872)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName authority="(Wileman, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Wileman" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1073,1350,808,830]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Chlorodontopera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taiwana">
<emphasis box="[1073,1178,808,830]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. taiwana</emphasis>
(Wileman, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
.
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,845,867]" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,845,867]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">New tribe in Ennominae</td>
<td box="[771,1542,845,867]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[771,907,846,867]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Included" authorityName="Included" baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[771,859,846,867]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Ennominae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Included</taxonomicName>
taxa
</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,883,934]" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,883,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[108,609,883,905]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" status="trib. nov." tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini, Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[620,713,883,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[620,713,883,905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="tribe">trib. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[771,1542,883,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Type genus: 
<taxonomicName authority="Guenee, 1858" authorityName="Guenee" authorityYear="1858" box="[893,1163,883,905]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Drepanogynis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[893,1022,884,905]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Drepanogynis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Guenee" box="[1030,1163,883,905]" firstAuthor="Guenee" journalOrPublisher="Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="304" part="II" refId="ref18551" refString="Guenee A. 1858. Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres. Tom IX. X. Uranides et Phalenites I. II. Paris: Roret, 304." title="Histoire naturelle des insectes (Lepidoptera), Species General des Lepidopteres" type="journal article" year="1858">Guenée, 1858</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Other included genera: 
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1855" authorityName=", Walker" authorityYear="1855" box="[1015,1236,912,934]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Thenopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1015,1098,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Thenopa</emphasis>
Walker, 1855
</taxonomicName>
.
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,942,1051]" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rowspan-0="1">
<td box="[771,1542,942,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Species included, genus combination uncertain (
<emphasis box="[1250,1375,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">incertae sedis</emphasis>
): 
<emphasis box="[1395,1541,942,963]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1899" box="[1402,1534,942,963]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sphingomima</taxonomicName>
&quot;
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Herbulot, 1995" authorityName="Herbulot" authorityYear="1995" box="[787,1043,971,993]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Sphingomima" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discolucida">
<emphasis box="[787,891,971,992]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">discolucida</emphasis>
Herbulot, 1995
</taxonomicName>
(transferred from unassigned to 
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[1364,1512,971,993]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
); 
<emphasis box="[787,963,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
&quot; 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1897" box="[794,956,1000,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hebdomophruda</taxonomicName>
&quot;
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Prout, 1917" authorityName="Prout" authorityYear="1917" box="[971,1149,1000,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Hebdomophruda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="errans">
<emphasis box="[971,1030,1001,1022]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">errans</emphasis>
Prout, 1917
</taxonomicName>
(transferred from 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kruger" baseAuthorityYear="2002" box="[1331,1452,1000,1022]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nacophorini">Nacophorini</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName authorityName=", Murillo-Ramos, Sihvonen &amp; Brehm" authorityYear="2019" box="[787,935,1029,1051]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Drepanogynini">Drepanogynini</taxonomicName>
).
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,1067,1089]" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,1067,1089]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Synonymized tribes</td>
<td box="[771,1542,1067,1089]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[771,879,1067,1089]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Valid tribe</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,1104,1127]" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,1104,1127]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Forbes, 1948" authorityName="Forbes" authorityYear="1948" box="[108,321,1104,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lithinini">
Lithinini 
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes" box="[198,321,1104,1126]" firstAuthor="Forbes" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 263" part="274" refId="ref18488" refString="Forbes WTM. 1948. Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. II. Memoirs of the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 274: 1 - 263." title="Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states. II" type="journal article" year="1948">Forbes, 1948</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[333,422,1104,1125]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[771,1542,1104,1127]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Janse, 1933" authorityName="Janse" authorityYear="1933" box="[771,989,1104,1126]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diptychini">Diptychini Janse, 1933</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1002,1116,1105,1127]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,1142,1164]" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,749,1142,1164]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Ferguson, 1969" authorityName="Ferguson" authorityYear="1969" box="[108,371,1142,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Synchlorini">Synchlorini Ferguson, 1969</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[378,467,1142,1163]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</td>
<td box="[771,1542,1142,1164]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Gumppenberg, 1887" authorityName="Gumppenberg" authorityYear="1887" box="[771,1074,1142,1164]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Nemoriini">Nemoriini Gumppenberg, 1887</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1087,1214,1142,1164]" pageId="16" pageNumber="12" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Geometrinae">Geometrinae</taxonomicName>
)
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,1179,1201]" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,1542,1179,1201]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[108,244,1179,1201]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Incertae sedis</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[108,1542,1217,1239]" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<td box="[108,1542,1217,1239]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Duncan &amp; Westwood, 1841" authorityName="Duncan &amp; Westwood" authorityYear="1841" box="[108,463,1217,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Eumelea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[108,189,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Eumelea</emphasis>
Duncan &amp; Westwood, 1841
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,1337,1921]" box="[498,1516,1416,1442]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The monophylies of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[744,933,1416,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" box="[994,1187,1416,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmobathrinae">Desmobathrinae</taxonomicName>
have long been questioned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,1337,1921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Morphological studies addressing 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[900,1089,1456,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" box="[1132,1325,1456,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmobathrinae">Desmobathrinae</taxonomicName>
have been limited and the majority of genera have never been examined in depth. In addition, it has been very difficult to establish the boundaries of these subfamilies on the basis of morphological structures (
<bibRefCitation author="Scoble &amp; Edwards" box="[632,912,1576,1602]" firstAuthor="Scoble" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="371 - 399" part="20" refId="ref20574" refString="Scoble MJ, Edwards ED. 1990. Parepisparis Bethune-Baker and the composition of the Oenochrominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Entomologica Scandinavica 20 (4): 371 - 399 DOI 10.1163 / 187631289 X 00375." title="Parepisparis Bethune-Baker and the composition of the Oenochrominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="1990">
<emphasis box="[632,912,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scoble &amp; Edwards, 1990</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen" box="[937,1191,1576,1602]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sihvonen" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="20356" part="6" refId="ref20700" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLOS ONE 6 (6): e 20356 DOI 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0020356." title="Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
<emphasis box="[937,1191,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[937,1042,1576,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
et al. (2011)
</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
showed that neither 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Guenee. Meyrick" authorityYear="1858" box="[498,687,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Oenochrominae">Oenochrominae</taxonomicName>
nor 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1886" box="[746,939,1616,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Desmobathrinae">Desmobathrinae</taxonomicName>
were monophyletic, but these results were considered preliminary due to the limited number of sampled taxa, and as a consequence no formal transfers of taxa were proposed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[498,1542,1337,1921]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
The systematic status of 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Holloway" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[813,973,1735,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthostixinae">Orthostixinae</taxonomicName>
remains uncertain because it was not included in our study. 
<bibRefCitation author="Sihvonen" box="[621,867,1775,1801]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sihvonen" journalOrPublisher="PLOS ONE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="20356" part="6" refId="ref20700" refString="Sihvonen P, Mutanen M, Kaila L, Brehm G, Hausmann A, Staude HS. 2011. Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLOS ONE 6 (6): e 20356 DOI 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0020356." title="Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)" type="journal article" year="2011">
<emphasis box="[621,867,1775,1801]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName authority="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg, 2019" authorityName="Murillo-Ramos &amp; Brehm &amp; Sihvonen &amp; Hausmann &amp; Holm &amp; Ghanavi &amp; Õunap &amp; Truuverk &amp; Staude &amp; Friedrich &amp; Tammaru &amp; Wahlberg" authorityYear="2019" box="[621,726,1775,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" status="new subfamily" subFamily="Sihvonen">Sihvonen</taxonomicName>
et al. (2011)
</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
included the genus 
<taxonomicName authority="Walker, 1856" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1856" box="[1097,1322,1775,1802]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Naxa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1097,1160,1776,1801]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Naxa</emphasis>
Walker, 1856
</taxonomicName>
, formally placed in 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Holloway" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[498,660,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Orthostixinae">Orthostixinae</taxonomicName>
, and found it to be nested within 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Sihvonen et al." baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1065,1203,1815,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ennominae">Ennominae</taxonomicName>
. However, only three genes were successfully sequenced from this taxon, and its position in the phylogenetic tree turned out to be highly unstable in our analyses. It was thus excluded from our dataset.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="17.[498,1542,234,300]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName authority="Hubner, 1823" authorityName="Hubner" authorityYear="1823" box="[498,796,234,260]" class="Insecta" family="Geometridae" genus="Orthostixis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[498,624,234,260]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Orthostixis</emphasis>
Hübner, 1823
</taxonomicName>
, the type genus of the subfamily, needs to be included in future analyses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>