182 lines
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182 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.10506" ID-GBIF-Dataset="462b34a1-9367-49f9-b03f-5d1b8ba45fde" ID-PMC="PMC5242266" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-643-53" ID-PubMed="28144175" ID-ZBK="C6E2B91B1FC948B2A450BEBF74EE5729" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-643-53" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 643" ModsDocTitle="First report of the Gondwana genus Beatogordius from India, with further records of two Chordodes species (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)" checkinTime="1483718846312" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Yadav, Arun K., Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas & Limatemjen," docDate="2017" docId="FE439EFC7C39FF45B1526C65F1AB2A53" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 643: 53-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 643" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.10506" docTitle="Beatogordius nagalandis Yadav, Schmidt-Rhaesa & Limatemjen, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="0522D719-7394-4017-9214-4A14F14C4F90" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="FF8EFD2FFFB7FF96FFDAFFEDFFAF1B10" masterDocTitle="First report of the Gondwana genus Beatogordius from India, with further records of two Chordodes species (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1668163856031" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First report of the Gondwana genus Beatogordius from India, with further records of two Chordodes species (Gordiida, Nematomorpha)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Yadav, Arun K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Limatemjen,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>643</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>53</mods:start>
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<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.10506</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.643.10506</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-643-53</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">C6E2B91B1FC948B2A450BEBF74EE5729</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C6E2B91B1FC948B2A450BEBF74EE5729</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127884216" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0522D719-7394-4017-9214-4A14F14C4F90" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE439EFC7C39FF45B1526C65F1AB2A53" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/0522D719-7394-4017-9214-4A14F14C4F90" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius nagalandis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="54" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="nagalandis">Beatogordius nagalandis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="54">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">P-Khel Viswema Village, Kohima, Nagaland, India, from the community tap water. Collected by Mrs Bazule Toso.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">A single male specimen from the type locality; alcohol preserved pieces of holotype deposited in the Museum of Department of Zoology, NEHU, Shillong with the accession no. MDOZ/NEHU/INV/112.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Host.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">unknown</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">The species has been named after one of the Indian states, Nagaland, from where the specimen was collected.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="54">
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Cuticle in midbody with longitudinal elevated ridges, which sometimes branch and fuse. Ridges highest in the central part, lower in lateral parts. Surface of ridges with fine cracks perpendicular to longitudinal axis. Cuticle between the ridges with 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long spines. Ridges change to isolated areoles towards the anterior, anterior tip free of cuticular structures. Posterior end of male with two tail lobes, each lobe about three times as long as wide. Cloacal opening surrounded by spines, further spines in the region posterior of the cloacal opening. Anterolateral bristlefields are likely present. Adhesive warts with a keel are present on the ventral side anterior of the cloacal opening.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="55" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">The holotype is 130 mm long, with a diameter of 0.37 mm in the midbody region. The specimen is very light (yellowish-white) in colour. The posterior end has two tail lobes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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The cuticle is structured by long elevated bands or ridges running parallel to the longitudinal axis of the animal (Fig. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–d">a-d</normalizedToken>
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). These bands sometimes branch or fuse, and branches may end blindly (Fig. 1b, c). In most observed regions the bands are composed of a higher central part and lateral lower parts (Fig. 1d, e). In some regions the lower parts were not clearly observed, but this may be due to a covering of dirt in the region between the bands. The surface of the bands contains numerous fine cracks orientated perpendicular to their axis (Fig. 1d). In some regions these cracks appear without a certain pattern and are only partial (Fig. 1e), in others they appear to separate the band into numerous subunits (Fig. 1d). The region between the bands is often filled with debris, in parts where the dirt could be removed there are bristles or spines which are up to 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long (Fig. 1d, e).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius nagalandis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="nagalandis">Beatogordius nagalandis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., cuticular pattern: a cuticular pattern at lower magnification b, c branching and fusion of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“bands”">"bands"</normalizedToken>
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, space between bands is filled with debris d, e spines are present between the bands, fine cracks structure the bands stronger (d) or weaker (e) into subunits.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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In the anterior end, approximately 270
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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from the anterior tip, the longitudinal bands gradually turn into polygonal or irregularly shaped individual areoles (Fig. 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
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). Between these areoles solid spines of 1-2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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length are scattered (Fig. 2d). The anterior most 75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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are free of cuticular structures (Fig. 2a).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius nagalandis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="nagalandis">Beatogordius nagalandis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., anterior and posterior end: a anterior end in low magnification, approximate positions of images b and c are indicated b, c transition of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“bands”">"bands"</normalizedToken>
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into areoles in two different regions as indicated in fig. a d fine spines are present between areoles in the anterior end e region of the cloacal opening (co) with circumcloacal spines (ccs) and postcloacal spines (pcs) f ventral view on posterior end with cloacal opening (co), postcloacal spines (pcs) and precloacal bristle fields (pbf). Approximate positions of images e and g are indicated by dotted rectangles g some bristles from the precloacal bristle fields h position of the broad rows of keeled structures (see dashed markings) on the ventral side of the animal i magnification of keeled structures (arrows).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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The posterior end has two tail lobes and contains the ventral cloacal opening (Fig. 2f). This is oval, approximately 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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in size and surrounded by circumcloacal spines (Fig. 2e). These spines are stout, approximately 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, which are apically branched. The cloacal opening is 30-35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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from the point where the separation into two tail lobes starts. The tail lobes are approximately three times as long as broad (roughly 300
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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100 mm). Posterior to the cloacal opening, extending onto the inner side of the tail lobes, are conical spines, which decrease in size posteriorly (Fig. 2e, f). Anterolaterally of the cloacal opening are structures which could represent parts of anterocloacal bristle fields, but as there is some dirt and suboptimal cuticle preservation in this region, this observation has to be taken with caution (Fig. 2f, g).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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In the ventral region anterior of the posterior end, modifications of the cuticle were observed. There are paired stripes, in which elevation with longitudinal keels of 7.5 to 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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occur (Fig. 2h, i). Eight rows of such keeled structures occur in one stripe.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" type="taxonomic remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="55">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="2" pageNumber="55">
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In most
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Beatogordius</taxonomicName>
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species, areoles are clearly recognized as the basic elements, which form the longitudinal lines, and should be considered a characteristic of the genus (
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<bibRefCitation author="De Villalobos, LC" journalOrPublisher="Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" pagination="115 - 128" title="Revision of the genus Beatogordius (Gordiida, Nematomorpha). II. South American species with description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762003000100015" volume="98" year="2003">De Villalobos et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royale de l'Afrique Centrale (Zoologie)" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 25" title="Revision of the genus Beatogordius (Nematomorpha). I. African species including Chordodiolusechinatus." volume="290" year="2002">Schmidt-Rhaesa and de Villalobos 2002</bibRefCitation>
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). More or less continuous lines occur in
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius sankurensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="sankurensis">Beatogordius sankurensis</taxonomicName>
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Sciacchitano, 1958 and
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius wilsoni" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="wilsoni">Beatogordius wilsoni</taxonomicName>
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Sciacchitano, 1958 from Africa (see
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Musee Royale de l'Afrique Centrale (Zoologie)" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 25" title="Revision of the genus Beatogordius (Nematomorpha). I. African species including Chordodiolusechinatus." volume="290" year="2002">Schmidt-Rhaesa and de Villalobos 2002</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius lineatus" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="lineatus">Beatogordius lineatus</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt-Rhaesa & Bryant, 2004 from Australia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Parasitology" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" pagination="173 - 181" title="Filling the Gondwana gaps: new species and new reports of the genus Beatogordius Heinze, 1934 (Nematomorpha) from Australia and Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.1023/B:SYPA.0000019084.58675.e0" volume="57" year="2004">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Bryant 2004</bibRefCitation>
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), and
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius chinensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="chinensis">Beatogordius chinensis</taxonomicName>
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Schmidt-Rhaesa, 2011 from China (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg" pageId="7" pageNumber="60" pagination="243 - 248" title="Beatogordiuschinensis (Nematomorpha, Gordiida), a new species from China." volume="46" year="2011">Schmidt-Rhaesa 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Among all the above-mentioned species,
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius chinensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="chinensis">Beatogordius chinensis</taxonomicName>
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is the only species to display long spines in the region between the longitudinal bands. The difference from the Indian
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Beatogordius</taxonomicName>
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is that in
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius chinensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="55" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="chinensis">Beatogordius chinensis</taxonomicName>
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the bands have a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“pearl-collar”">"pearl-collar"</normalizedToken>
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appearance, which means that they usually have broader and narrower regions, whereas in the
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="56" start="start">Indian</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Beatogordius</taxonomicName>
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the bands are of continuous thickness. It might be supposed that the Indian and the Chinese species are closely related.
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Beatogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Beatogordius chinensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="chinensis">Beatogordius chinensis</taxonomicName>
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is the only species reported outside former Gondwana continents, but the collecting locality in Yunnan province is very close to Nagaland province, approximately 300-400 km east.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |