589 lines
69 KiB
XML
589 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="2275716E25079FD82D203CFEFAEFFC30" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4137.2.3" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4137.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7d88638e-5a4f-48f8-a2eb-8375b402c1f6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="267215" ID-ZooBank="85DEC9CE-5DF9-4E56-94FB-83BDDB982941" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1468217752890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Adler, Peter H., Belqat, Boutaïna, González, Josefina Garrido, Pérez, Alexandre Justo & Seitz, Gunther" docDate="2016" docId="03D087E1FFFAFFAAFF0E0C60902EFEBA" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4137.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4137 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Simulium armoricanum" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="219" masterDocId="FFE9FF99FFF9FFA2FF990976942FFFFA" masterDocTitle="Chromosomal relationships of Simulium armoricanum and its undescribed sister species in the Simulium vernum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae)" masterLastPageNumber="222" masterPageNumber="211" pageNumber="214" updateTime="1698364219699" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="AD8A8EC82897EBC7C09BF139E29FE1FB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="E66897A187B08D7A7B2FBFBA4FB25D7C">
|
||
<mods:title id="BA9E46FFD632F3BBF5A972722A7DC7CF">Chromosomal relationships of Simulium armoricanum and its undescribed sister species in the Simulium vernum species group (Diptera: Simuliidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="367FA11179187C21EABCF05C0C661B5E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4EBC1325ACFAB56BCF4F15E2688C4EBD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CE4724CE7FC76271A3B1BFE5EABE1170">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2601033938D29D01D8D6AF8BEE85BC11">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="50EB9BE241685E16ADD8DD0FBB124F6F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DCD2B00DDF881F36DB79883B244E708C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6CB246C7FB833EFABC67D54A4C6B699D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B747275AB88850F9626E0D4F84A15A61">Belqat, Boutaïna</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="198F925BDF6E879E31DFA978B708EC8C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="522543DBFA44F4B5ADD928AE56AD1309">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DFC9E557866D7395193F4F748E56954B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="CA707A66D253AE487181DA1149A26A08">González, Josefina Garrido</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="53B4FF51F307D5221189D954BF5A2EF8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2889650DBD3E4E8BFC68EA8A573C5D8D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="337D523CD494DB0068A13B76208F36B1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1BF0953FB305678FA628D354923AC1FA">Pérez, Alexandre Justo</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D410FF6B01F70F49E275EA4FF83EA6F2" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="548575F3BD589A759F3430DEC5CA1950">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CA0A611E60962080E988C8FBFE418B4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="066F46D0CC864FEB80DE5B240AEC5B7B">Seitz, Gunther</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="FBC2498CAC7A45C225C121969E3E3D97">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="658C7961E017CC4F3A3AFC43B8C7B088" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="896C607BD6AD4F1BB69CA0567F5A6D57">
|
||
<mods:title id="257DF944D826D07536D6BE5D54F25DBB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="3847484CEEC9B2FF8DA58A69965952C4">
|
||
<mods:date id="4B3B286484673811DC3E69B268B0668B">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4DE2739FCCB629E2A64DA9974739AE0A" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="DD4D9834C5E346C6BB5D0C076025A27F">4137</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="0878D467EFA6A8FC180EA5AA5B3873F9" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3F8CC8EFD86894D512A90253D87848F3">2</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="215DCD92473BCD2B3FEBC499D057491E" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="477577DC18B1CC777E2DFDA401EE33BE">211</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="0682102DDBE706FD7E384A75C74D2C39">222</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="56194592DC39A8D6F25E5C54FAF559BE">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B8064D0C8B7F18D945C1F21B14EEF11D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4137.2.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="049EBD4A2FCAE7A85ECB707F49284245" type="GBIF-Dataset">7d88638e-5a4f-48f8-a2eb-8375b402c1f6</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="76E3E3F94EFEB853794337AC3C066CEE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="304F062891BE1E7495998CB7D544726F" type="Zenodo-Dep">267215</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B1ACF966BE86639D54316DC8D4A774C9" type="ZooBank">85DEC9CE-5DF9-4E56-94FB-83BDDB982941</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03D087E1FFFAFFAAFF0E0C60902EFEBA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629964" ID-GBIF-Taxon="123191043" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087E1FFFAFFAAFF0E0C60902EFEBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087E1FFFAFFAAFF0E0C60902EFEBA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363657CFFFAFFA1FF0E0C60967DFA60" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFAFFA1FF0E0C609594FACA" blockId="3.[151,443,1302,1328]" box="[151,443,1302,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<heading id="D08E819BFFFAFFA1FF0E0C609594FACA" bold="true" box="[151,443,1302,1328]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFAFFA1FF0E0C609594FACA" ID-CoL="8DY2D" box="[151,443,1302,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FF0E0C609594FACA" bold="true" box="[151,443,1302,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFAFFA1FF0E0C2B967DFA60" blockId="3.[151,1436,1373,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
The banding sequences of all 56 chromosome preparations (
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FCB70C289713FA8F" box="[814,828,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">n</emphasis>
|
||
=
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD7EFFFAFFA1FCC20C2B97EFFA8C" box="[859,960,1373,1398]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD7EFFFAFFA1FC550C28906AFA8C" box="[972,1093,1373,1398]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="female">40 females</specimenCount>
|
||
) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFAFFA1FBEB0C28910CFA8F" box="[1138,1315,1374,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FBEB0C28910CFA8F" box="[1138,1315,1374,1397]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sites 1–9 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB034CFFFAFFA1FF570CF79530FA60" box="[206,287,1409,1434]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,238,1050,1073]" captionText="TABLE 1. Collection information for larvae of Simulium armoricanum (and Simulium ‘ IL- 8 ’) analyzed chromosomally." pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) were analyzed completely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C363657CFFFAFFAAFF5E0CD3902EFEBA" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFAFFA1FF5E0CD396C0F98B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1373,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FF5E0CD3963DFA44" bold="true" box="[199,530,1445,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Chromosomal complement.</emphasis>
|
||
The nucleolar organizer was in the standard location in the base of IS (section 19B;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FF4D0CBF950DFA18" box="[212,290,1481,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[171,1412,420,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. IS arm; N. O. = nucleolar organizer. A, Simulium cryophilum (female larva from Vindrarp, Sweden), showing standard sequence, with breakpoints indicated (arrows) for IS- 1 am, 2 am. Alphabetical reassembly of fragments identified by the letters a – h will produce the inverted sequence for IS- 1 am, 2 am. B, Simulium armoricanum (male larva, Site 9) double heterozygote for IS- 1 am, 2 am." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267217/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FEB40CBC9513FA18" box="[301,316,1482,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. IL" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,208,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. IL arm of Simulium armoricanum, with fixed inversions IL- 2 and IL- 8 and the nearly fixed IL- 9. A, male larva (Site 9), showing puff in section 41; CI = centromere, Z = Z band marker. B, male larva (Site 3), showing details of the distal third of the arm and absence of puffing in section 41." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">3</figureCitation>
|
||
), a chromocenter was absent, homologues were tightly paired, and B chromosomes and heterobands were not found.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFAFFA1FECB0C9B9673F9FF" box="[338,604,1517,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FECB0C9B9673F9FF" box="[338,604,1517,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was removed from the standard sequence for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFAFFA1FB0A0C98912BF9FF" box="[1171,1284,1518,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FB0A0C98912BF9FF" box="[1171,1284,1518,1541]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">S. vernum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by the following 11 fixed inversions and 1 nearly fixed inversion:
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FCD90F67975FF9D3" box="[832,880,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IL-2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FC190F67979EF9D3" box="[896,945,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IL-8</emphasis>
|
||
, IL-9 (frequency = 0.98;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FB4E0F679134F9D0" box="[1239,1307,1553,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. IL" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,208,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. IL arm of Simulium armoricanum, with fixed inversions IL- 2 and IL- 8 and the nearly fixed IL- 9. A, male larva (Site 9), showing puff in section 41; CI = centromere, Z = Z band marker. B, male larva (Site 3), showing details of the distal third of the arm and absence of puffing in section 41." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FAAA0F679142F9D3" box="[1331,1389,1553,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIL-8</emphasis>
|
||
+ 4 additional but unnumbered inversions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FDCE0F4396B1F9B4" box="[599,670,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. IIL" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,1346,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1339,1822]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. IIL arm of Simulium armoricanum (male larva, Site 3) fixed for inversion IIL- 8 and 4 other inversions with breaks indicated by arrows. The standard sequence can be obtained by alphabetically ordering the small letters a – n, corresponding with each fragment. CII = centromere, j = jagged marker, Pb = parabalbiani, pf = puffing band." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267219/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FD2C0F4396D6F9B7" box="[693,761,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIIP-1</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FC930F439764F9B7" box="[778,843,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIIS-8</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FCC50F4397B2F9B7" box="[860,925,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIIS-9</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FC370F4397DBF9B4" box="[942,1012,1589,1614]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,968,990]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,220,933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,947]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. IIIS arm of Simulium armoricanum (female larva, Site 2) fixed for inversions IIIS- 8, IIIS- 9, IIIP- 1, and with the proximal portion of IIIL- 2 cy, ca. CIII = centromere, bl = blister marker, bm = basal marker, ca = capsule." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267220/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FBA70F4390B7F9B7" box="[1086,1176,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIIL-1cy</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FB060F409096F9B7" box="[1183,1209,1590,1613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">ca</emphasis>
|
||
. All but
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FABD0F43917BF9B7" box="[1316,1364,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IL-2</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FAFD0F4391BAF9B7" box="[1380,1429,1589,1613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IL-8</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FF0E0F2F94F4F98B" box="[151,219,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIIP-1</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FE800F2F955DF98B" box="[281,370,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIIL-1cy</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FEE30F2C95BAF98B" box="[378,405,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">ca</emphasis>
|
||
are unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFAFFA1FDAD0F2C96C7F98B" box="[564,744,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FDAD0F2C96C7F98B" box="[564,744,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFAFFA6FF5E0F0B95FEFE9F" blockId="3.[151,1436,1373,2010]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="215" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFAFFA1FF650F089539F96F" box="[252,278,1662,1685]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IL</collectingCountry>
|
||
arm carried two new inversions: a large, central inversion,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FC590F0B97C1F96F" box="[960,1006,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IL-8</emphasis>
|
||
, which reversed the polarity of the Z marker, and the nearly fixed IL-9, on top of the widely shared
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FCD50FD79754F943" box="[844,891,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IL-2</emphasis>
|
||
inversion. A portion of section
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B12FFFAFFA1FB450FD4913BF940" box="[1244,1300,1697,1722]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0413999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" unit="in" value="41.0">41 in</quantity>
|
||
most larvae (though not all;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FED10FB395A7F924" box="[328,392,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. IL" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,208,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. IL arm of Simulium armoricanum, with fixed inversions IL- 2 and IL- 8 and the nearly fixed IL- 9. A, male larva (Site 9), showing puff in section 41; CI = centromere, Z = Z band marker. B, male larva (Site 3), showing details of the distal third of the arm and absence of puffing in section 41." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B) was puffed as a white, diffusely banded area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FC3C0FB397C9F924" box="[933,998,1733,1758]" captionStart="FIGURE 3. IL" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1205,1227]" captionTargetBox="[162,1420,208,1168]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1184]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. IL arm of Simulium armoricanum, with fixed inversions IL- 2 and IL- 8 and the nearly fixed IL- 9. A, male larva (Site 9), showing puff in section 41; CI = centromere, Z = Z band marker. B, male larva (Site 3), showing details of the distal third of the arm and absence of puffing in section 41." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267218/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A), a trait found in numerous species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFAFFA1FF270F9C9504F8FB" box="[190,299,1770,1793]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FF270F9C9504F8FB" box="[190,299,1770,1793]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">S. vernum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFAFFA1FE190F9F966CF8F8" author="Brockhouse" box="[384,579,1769,1794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" refString="Brockhouse, C. (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">Brockhouse 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFAFFA1FD0C0F9C9784F8F8" author="Hunter" box="[661,939,1769,1794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" refString="Hunter, F. F. & Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">Hunter & Connolly 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The IIL arm was complexly rearranged, and five inversions were required to reassemble the bands into the standard sequence (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FB940E7B907FF8DC" box="[1037,1104,1805,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 4. IIL" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1843,1865]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,1346,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1339,1822]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. IIL arm of Simulium armoricanum (male larva, Site 3) fixed for inversion IIL- 8 and 4 other inversions with breaks indicated by arrows. The standard sequence can be obtained by alphabetically ordering the small letters a – n, corresponding with each fragment. CII = centromere, j = jagged marker, Pb = parabalbiani, pf = puffing band." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267219/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Various breakpoint scenarios are possible for four of the inversions; hence, we do not number those inversions. Chromosome III included the pericentric inversion
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FEE70E2395EFF897" box="[382,448,1877,1901]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">IIIP-1</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FE560E23963EF894" box="[463,529,1877,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,968,990]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,220,933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,947]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. IIIS arm of Simulium armoricanum (female larva, Site 2) fixed for inversions IIIS- 8, IIIS- 9, IIIP- 1, and with the proximal portion of IIIL- 2 cy, ca. CIII = centromere, bl = blister marker, bm = basal marker, ca = capsule." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267220/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). The centromeric region of chromosome III was unique among members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFAFFA1FA110E2094C6F86B" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFAFFA1FA110E2094C6F86B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">S. vernum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, consisting of a well-defined centromere band within a slightly expanded area, bounded on either side by a diffuse area of heterochromatin delimited distally by a thin, darkly staining band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FBC10EEB90B1F84C" box="[1112,1182,1949,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,968,990]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,220,933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,947]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. IIIS arm of Simulium armoricanum (female larva, Site 2) fixed for inversions IIIS- 8, IIIS- 9, IIIP- 1, and with the proximal portion of IIIL- 2 cy, ca. CIII = centromere, bl = blister marker, bm = basal marker, ca = capsule." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267220/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). IIIS had two unique overlapping inversions, with one coincident breakpoint (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFAFFA1FC990EB7976DF820" box="[768,834,1985,2010]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,968,990]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,220,933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,947]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. IIIS arm of Simulium armoricanum (female larva, Site 2) fixed for inversions IIIS- 8, IIIS- 9, IIIP- 1, and with the proximal portion of IIIL- 2 cy, ca. CIII = centromere, bl = blister marker, bm = basal marker, ca = capsule." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267220/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="214">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two sequences were found in the IIIL arm (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB034CFFFAFFA1FAA30EB791A1F820" box="[1338,1422,1985,2010]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1061,1084]" captionTargetBox="[159,1256,1144,1745]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution of the IIIL- 2 cy, ca polymorphism in larvae of Simulium armoricanum; site numbers correspond to locations in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6" pageId="3" pageNumber="214" tableUuid="DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), relative to the standard sequence of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFDFFA6FDDF09E1970DFF4A" author="Brockhouse" box="[582,802,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" refString="Brockhouse, C. (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">Brockhouse (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: IIIL-1cy,ca (= p sequence) and IIIL-2,(1’)cy,ca (= v sequence) of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFDFFA6FEA009CB95F1FF2E" author="Hunter" box="[313,478,188,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Establishing the fixed IIIL sequence for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFDFFA6FC4A09CA90A6FF2E" box="[979,1161,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFDFFA6FC4A09CA90A6FF2E" box="[979,1161,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is complicated by the uncertainty of whether IIIL-1cy,ca and IIIL-1’cy,ca are different inversions, as suggested by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFDFFA6FB5F09969144FF02" author="Hunter" box="[1222,1387,224,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; the similarity of terminal bands in the inversions renders the decision problematic. The most parsimonious explanation is that IIIL-1cy,ca and IIIL-1’cy,ca are the same inversion, and that it is fixed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFDFFA6FBB5085E90CDFEC5" box="[1068,1250,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFDFFA6FBB5085E90CDFEC5" box="[1068,1250,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rendering IIIL- 2cy,ca (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFDFFA6FF73083A9504FE9F" box="[234,299,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[151,250,968,990]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,220,933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,947]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. IIIS arm of Simulium armoricanum (female larva, Site 2) fixed for inversions IIIS- 8, IIIS- 9, IIIP- 1, and with the proximal portion of IIIL- 2 cy, ca. CIII = centromere, bl = blister marker, bm = basal marker, ca = capsule." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267220/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) polymorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06667FFFFDFFA6FF0E0E3895EBF83A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267217/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" targetBox="[171,1412,420,1832]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFDFFA6FF0E0E3895EBF83A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1870,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFDFFA6FF0E0E389538F899" bold="true" box="[151,279,1870,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
IS arm; N.O. = nucleolar organizer.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFDFFA6FD3A0E38969AF899" bold="true" box="[675,693,1870,1891]" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">A</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFDFFA6FD5F0E3897B1F89E" box="[710,926,1870,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFDFFA6FD5F0E3897B1F89E" box="[710,926,1870,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Simulium cryophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female larva from Vindrarp, Sweden), showing standard sequence, with breakpoints indicated (arrows) for IS-1am,2am. Alphabetical reassembly of fragments identified by the letters a–h will produce the inverted sequence for IS-1am,2am.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFDFFA6FCD50EFA9772F85B" bold="true" box="[844,861,1932,1953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">B</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFDFFA6FCE90EFD9047F85B" box="[880,1128,1931,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="215" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFDFFA6FCE90EFD9047F85B" box="[880,1128,1931,1953]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="215">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male larva, Site 9) double heterozygote for IS-1am,2am.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF06667FFFFCFFA7FF0E0DC3969FFAF3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267218/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[162,1420,208,1168]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFCFFA7FF0E0DC3969FFAF3" blockId="5.[151,1436,1205,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FF0E0DC3953BFB31" bold="true" box="[151,276,1205,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
IL arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFCFFA7FE100DC39655FB36" box="[393,634,1205,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FE100DC39655FB36" box="[393,634,1205,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with fixed inversions
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FCF30DC397BAFB31" box="[874,917,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">IL-2</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FC530DC397DAFB31" box="[970,1013,1205,1227]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">IL-8</emphasis>
|
||
and the nearly fixed IL-9.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FA960DC0910EFB31" bold="true" box="[1295,1313,1206,1227]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">A</emphasis>
|
||
, male larva (Site 9), showing puff in section 41; CI = centromere, Z = Z band marker.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FC0A0DA3978BFB10" bold="true" box="[915,932,1237,1258]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">B</emphasis>
|
||
, male larva (Site 3), showing details of the distal third of the arm and absence of puffing in section 41.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF06667FFFFCFFA7FF0E0E459076F87C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267219/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" targetBox="[162,1430,1346,1815]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFCFFA7FF0E0E459076F87C" blockId="5.[151,1436,1843,1926]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FF0E0E45953DF8B2" bold="true" box="[151,274,1843,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
IIL arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFCFFA7FE1E0E459658F8B3" box="[391,631,1843,1865]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FE1E0E459658F8B3" box="[391,631,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male larva, Site 3) fixed for inversion
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFCFFA7FB9E0E459014F8B3" box="[1031,1083,1843,1865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">IIL-8</emphasis>
|
||
and 4 other inversions with breaks indicated by arrows. The standard sequence can be obtained by alphabetically ordering the small letters a–n, corresponding with each fragment. CII = centromere, j = jagged marker, Pb = parabalbiani, pf = puffing band.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0ABE9097FC06" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267220/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[167,1420,220,933]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFFFFA4FF0E0ABE9097FC06" blockId="6.[151,1436,968,1020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FF0E0ABE953BFC27" bold="true" box="[151,276,968,990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
IIIS arm of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFFFFA4FE0C0ABE96A8FC24" box="[405,647,968,990]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FE0C0ABE96A8FC24" box="[405,647,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(female larva, Site 2) fixed for inversions
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FBA60ABE9055FC24" box="[1087,1146,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">IIIS-8</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FB110ABE90ECFC24" box="[1160,1219,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">IIIS-9</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FB480ABE9121FC24" box="[1233,1294,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">IIIP-1</emphasis>
|
||
, and with the proximal portion of IIIL-2cy,ca. CIII = centromere, bl = blister marker, bm = basal marker, ca = capsule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6" ID-Table-UUID="DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" targetBox="[159,1256,1144,1745]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6" blockId="6.[151,1436,1061,1116]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FF0E0D539526FBC6" bold="true" box="[151,265,1061,1084]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of the IIIL-2cy,ca polymorphism in larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFFFFA4FCED0D53905FFBC6" box="[884,1136,1061,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FCED0D53905FFBC6" box="[884,1136,1061,1084]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; site numbers correspond to locations in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFFFFA4FF060D0E90CEF92B" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<table id="F979C457FFFF005DFF060D0E90C7F92B" box="[159,1256,1144,1745]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060D0E90C7FB6B" box="[159,1256,1144,1169]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060D0E94E9FB6B" box="[159,198,1144,1169]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Site</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010D0E95CCFB6B" box="[408,483,1144,1169]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Gender</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0D0E9709FB6B" box="[773,806,1144,1169]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">pp1</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600D0E903DFB6B" box="[1017,1042,1144,1169]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">pv</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570D0E90C7FB6B" box="[1230,1256,1144,1169]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">vv</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060DD290C7FB23" box="[159,1256,1188,1241]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060DD294E9FB23" box="[159,198,1188,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010DD295CCFB23" box="[408,483,1188,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0DD29709FB23" box="[773,806,1188,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600DD2903DFB23" box="[1017,1042,1188,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 2</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570DD290C7FB23" box="[1230,1256,1188,1241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060D9A90C7FADB" box="[159,1256,1260,1313]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060D9A94E9FADB" box="[159,198,1260,1313]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010D9A95CCFADB" box="[408,483,1260,1313]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0D9A9709FADB" box="[773,806,1260,1313]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">1 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600D9A903DFADB" box="[1017,1042,1260,1313]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">1 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570D9A90C7FADB" box="[1230,1256,1260,1313]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">2 13</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060C4290C7FA93" box="[159,1256,1332,1385]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060C4294E9FA93" box="[159,198,1332,1385]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010C4295CCFA93" box="[408,483,1332,1385]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0C429709FA93" box="[773,806,1332,1385]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600C42903DFA93" box="[1017,1042,1332,1385]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570C4290C7FA93" box="[1230,1256,1332,1385]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">2 0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060C0A90C7FA4B" box="[159,1256,1404,1457]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060C0A94E9FA4B" box="[159,198,1404,1457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010C0A95CCFA4B" box="[408,483,1404,1457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0C0A9709FA4B" box="[773,806,1404,1457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600C0A903DFA4B" box="[1017,1042,1404,1457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570C0A90C7FA4B" box="[1230,1256,1404,1457]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">1 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060CB290C7FA03" box="[159,1256,1476,1529]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060CB294E9FA03" box="[159,198,1476,1529]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010CB295CCFA03" box="[408,483,1476,1529]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0CB29709FA03" box="[773,806,1476,1529]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600CB2903DFA03" box="[1017,1042,1476,1529]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570CB290C7FA03" box="[1230,1256,1476,1529]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060F7A90C7F9BB" box="[159,1256,1548,1601]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060F7A94E9F9BB" box="[159,198,1548,1601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">7</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010F7A95CCF9BB" box="[408,483,1548,1601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0F7A9709F9BB" box="[773,806,1548,1601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600F7A903DF9BB" box="[1017,1042,1548,1601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">1 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570F7A90C7F9BB" box="[1230,1256,1548,1601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060F2290C7F973" box="[159,1256,1620,1673]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060F2294E9F973" box="[159,198,1620,1673]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010F2295CCF973" box="[408,483,1620,1673]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0F229709F973" box="[773,806,1620,1673]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">2 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600F22903DF973" box="[1017,1042,1620,1673]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">2 3</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570F2290C7F973" box="[1230,1256,1620,1673]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">2 4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFF005DFF060FEA90C7F92B" box="[159,1256,1692,1745]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFF005DFF060FEA94E9F92B" box="[159,198,1692,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">9</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFE010FEA95CCF92B" box="[408,483,1692,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC9C0FEA9709F92B" box="[773,806,1692,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFC600FEA903DF92B" box="[1017,1042,1692,1745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFF005DFB570FEA90C7F92B" box="[1230,1256,1692,1745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">1 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFFFFA4FF0E0F84902EF8D1" blockId="6.[151,1436,1778,1835]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
1 p = p sequence of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFFFFA4FEF50F82962AF8F1" author="Hunter" box="[364,517,1780,1803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
= IIIL-1cy,ca; v = v sequence of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFFFFA4FCF40F82902AF8F1" author="Hunter" box="[877,1029,1780,1803]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 87 - 470" type="journal article" year="1987">Hunter (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
= IIIL-2,(1’)cy,ca.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FB4C0F829105F8F1" box="[1237,1322,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">IIIL-1cy</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FAA90F8294EDF8D1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">ca = IIIL- 1’cy</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FF500E6294CEF8D1" box="[201,225,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">ca</emphasis>
|
||
is regarded here as the fixed sequence, rendering IIIL-2cy,ca polymorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFFFFA5FF5E0E2297ADFE55" blockId="6.[151,1436,1876,2009]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,431]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFFFFA4FF5E0E22958CF897" bold="true" box="[199,419,1876,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Sex chromosomes.</emphasis>
|
||
Inversions IS-1am and IS-2am were universally linked to one another, never having been found independently. In the heterozygous condition, they formed a characteristic, complex loop (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A72FFFFFFA4FB4E0E0E9133F86A" box="[1239,1308,1912,1937]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1870,1892]" captionTargetBox="[171,1412,420,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,409,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. IS arm; N. O. = nucleolar organizer. A, Simulium cryophilum (female larva from Vindrarp, Sweden), showing standard sequence, with breakpoints indicated (arrows) for IS- 1 am, 2 am. Alphabetical reassembly of fragments identified by the letters a – h will produce the inverted sequence for IS- 1 am, 2 am. B, Simulium armoricanum (male larva, Site 9) double heterozygote for IS- 1 am, 2 am." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/267217/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). At Site 2, three of four males were IS-1am,2am heterozygotes and one was an inverted homozygote, whereas the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD7EFFFFFFA4FABB0EEA91B3F84F" box="[1314,1436,1948,1973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" type="female">19 females</specimenCount>
|
||
were predominantly (68.4%) standard homozygotes (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB034CFFFFFFA4FD620EB6977AF822" box="[763,853,1984,2009]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,239,478,501]" captionTargetBox="[159,1246,561,1162]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="TABLE 3. Distribution of linked chromosomal inversions IS- 1 am, 2 am with regard to gender in larvae of Simulium armoricanum; site numbers correspond to locations in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF06667FFFFEFFA5FF0E08A8971BFDEF" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" tableUuid="DF06667FFFFEFFA5FF0E08A8971BFDEF">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). Although we acknowledge that sample sizes are small, a test for independence of IS-1am,2am and sex is only marginally significant at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FBFE09E190EBFF4A" box="[1127,1220,151,176]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
Site 2 (G-test: G = 3.822, p = 0.05, df = 1), and not significant at
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FD2709CA96D1FF2F" box="[702,766,188,213]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
Site 8 (G = 0.020, p> 0.05, df = 1). Given the marginal significance of sex linkage in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FE7C09A9966AFF02" box="[485,581,223,248]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we refrain from recognizing IS-1am,2am as Y linked and tentatively regard all populations as having undifferentiated sex chromosomes (X0Y0). We suspect that IS-1am,2am is equivalent to the complex Y chromosome mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFEFFA5FDE0085D9787FEB9" author="Bass" box="[633,936,298,323]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refString="Bass, J. A. B. & Brockhouse, C. (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">Bass & Brockhouse (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in their sample of unstated provenance from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FF0E083894D7FE9D" box="[151,248,334,359]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
. If so, different populations in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FDE0083896F9FE9D" box="[633,726,334,359]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
might represent a spectrum of Y linkage for IS-1am,2am.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFEFFA5FF0E08059589FE70" box="[151,422,371,395]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FF0E08059589FE70" box="[151,422,371,395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
would be the only member of the group, among sufficiently analyzed species, with cytologically differentiated sex chromosomes based on the IS arm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF06667FFFFEFFA5FF0E08A8971BFDEF" ID-Table-UUID="DF06667FFFFEFFA5FF0E08A8971BFDEF" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF06667FFFFEFFA5FF0E08A8971BFDEF" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" targetBox="[159,1246,561,1162]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFEFFA5FF0E08A8971BFDEF" blockId="7.[151,1436,478,533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FF0E08A89522FE0F" bold="true" box="[151,269,478,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of linked chromosomal inversions IS-1am,2am with regard to gender in larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFEFFA5FAAE08A89507FDEF" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FAAE08A89507FDEF" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; site numbers correspond to locations in Table 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFEFFA5FF060B4790F2FB70" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<table id="F979C457FFFE005DFF060B4790F1FB70" box="[159,1246,561,1162]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060B4790F1FDB3" box="[159,1246,561,585]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060B4794E9FDB3" box="[159,198,561,585]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Site</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000B4795CBFDB3" box="[409,484,561,585]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Gender</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0B47970EFDB3" box="[774,801,561,585]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FC9F0B429736FDB3" bold="true" box="[774,793,564,585]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">ss</emphasis>
|
||
1
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620B479024FDB3" box="[1019,1035,561,585]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">si</th>
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490B4790F1FDB3" box="[1232,1246,561,585]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">ii</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060B2B90F1FD68" box="[159,1246,605,658]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060B2B94E9FD68" box="[159,198,605,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">1</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000B2B95CBFD68" box="[409,484,605,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0B2B970EFD68" box="[774,801,605,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620B2B9024FD68" box="[1019,1035,605,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490B2B90F1FD68" box="[1232,1246,605,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060BD390F1FD20" box="[159,1246,677,730]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060BD394E9FD20" box="[159,198,677,730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">2</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000BD395CBFD20" box="[409,484,677,730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0BD3970EFD20" box="[774,801,677,730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 13</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620BD39024FD20" box="[1019,1035,677,730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">3 5</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490BD390F1FD20" box="[1232,1246,677,730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">1 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060B9B90F1FCD8" box="[159,1246,749,802]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060B9B94E9FCD8" box="[159,198,749,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">3</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000B9B95CBFCD8" box="[409,484,749,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0B9B970EFCD8" box="[774,801,749,802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620B9B9024FCD8" box="[1019,1035,749,802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">2 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490B9B90F1FCD8" box="[1232,1246,749,802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060A4390F1FC90" box="[159,1246,821,874]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060A4394E9FC90" box="[159,198,821,874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">5</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000A4395CBFC90" box="[409,484,821,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0A43970EFC90" box="[774,801,821,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620A439024FC90" box="[1019,1035,821,874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490A4390F1FC90" box="[1232,1246,821,874]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060A0B90F1FC48" box="[159,1246,893,946]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060A0B94E9FC48" box="[159,198,893,946]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">6</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000A0B95CBFC48" box="[409,484,893,946]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0A0B970EFC48" box="[774,801,893,946]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620A0B9024FC48" box="[1019,1035,893,946]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 3</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490A0B90F1FC48" box="[1232,1246,893,946]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060AB390F1FC00" box="[159,1246,965,1018]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060AB394E9FC00" box="[159,198,965,1018]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">7</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000AB395CBFC00" box="[409,484,965,1018]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0AB3970EFC00" box="[774,801,965,1018]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620AB39024FC00" box="[1019,1035,965,1018]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490AB390F1FC00" box="[1232,1246,965,1018]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">1 0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060D7B90F1FBB8" box="[159,1246,1037,1090]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060D7B94E9FBB8" box="[159,198,1037,1090]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">8</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000D7B95CBFBB8" box="[409,484,1037,1090]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0D7B970EFBB8" box="[774,801,1037,1090]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 1</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620D7B9024FBB8" box="[1019,1035,1037,1090]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">4 4</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490D7B90F1FBB8" box="[1232,1246,1037,1090]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">2 3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="354934B5FFFE005DFF060D2390F1FB70" box="[159,1246,1109,1162]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<th id="76985DC9FFFE005DFF060D2394E9FB70" box="[159,198,1109,1162]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">9</th>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFE000D2395CBFB70" box="[409,484,1109,1162]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Male Female</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC9F0D23970EFB70" box="[774,801,1109,1162]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">0 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFC620D239024FB70" box="[1019,1035,1109,1162]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">1 0</td>
|
||
<td id="76985DC9FFFE005DFB490D2390F1FB70" box="[1232,1246,1109,1162]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">1 1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFEFFA5FF0E0DDD97C1FB3E" blockId="7.[151,1006,1195,1220]" box="[151,1006,1195,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">1 s = standard banding sequence, i = inverted banding sequence for IS-1am,2am.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFEFFA5FF5E0D8794F1FA8C" blockId="7.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FF5E0D879627FAF0" bold="true" box="[199,520,1265,1290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Autosomal polymorphisms.</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to IS-1am,2am and IIIL-2cy,ca, the latter with an overall frequency of 0.76 for the inverted constituent (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6FB034CFFFEFFA5FD930C63964EFAD4" box="[522,609,1301,1326]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1061,1084]" captionTargetBox="[159,1256,1144,1745]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Distribution of the IIIL- 2 cy, ca polymorphism in larvae of Simulium armoricanum; site numbers correspond to locations in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" tableUuid="DF06667FFFFFFFA4FF0E0D539540FBA6">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), we found IL-9 heterozygously in
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD7EFFFEFFA5FC790C609064FAD4" box="[992,1099,1301,1326]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, one at Site 6 and one at Site 9. The same female at Site 9 also had a small inversion in IIIL (sections 85c–86a inclusive on the map of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFEFFA5FA830C4F94FDFA8C" author="Brockhouse" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refString="Brockhouse, C. (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">Brockhouse 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFEFFA5FF5E0CF79693F9FC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FF5E0CF7958FFA60" bold="true" box="[199,416,1409,1434]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Taxonomic status.</emphasis>
|
||
Other than the texture of its silken cocoon,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFEFFA5FC060CF4907AFA63" box="[927,1109,1410,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FC060CF4907AFA63" box="[927,1109,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically no more differentiated than any of the other chromosomally studied species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFEFFA5FC000CD0903DFA44" author="Bass" box="[921,1042,1446,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refString="Bass, J. (1998) Last-instar larvae and pupae of the Simuliidae of Britain and Ireland: a key with brief ecological notes. Institute of Freshwater Ecology, River Laboratory. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 55, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">Bass 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but it is the most chromosomally differentiated of the 14 fully resolved nominal European members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFEFFA5FC5D0CBC901CFA1B" box="[964,1075,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FC5D0CBC901CFA1B" box="[964,1075,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">S. vernum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group in terms of the number of fixed inversions (11) removed from the standard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFEFFA5FF5E0F6491B2F8DF" blockId="7.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
No ecological or morphological evidence previously had suggested that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFEFFA5FB850F6490FAF9D3" box="[1052,1237,1554,1577]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FB850F6490FAF9D3" box="[1052,1237,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a complex of species; its ecological requirements and morphology, as far as they are known, are tightly defined (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFEFFA5FA8D0F4091BFF9B4" author="Bass" box="[1300,1424,1590,1614]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refString="Bass, J. (1998) Last-instar larvae and pupae of the Simuliidae of Britain and Ireland: a key with brief ecological notes. Institute of Freshwater Ecology, River Laboratory. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication, 55, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1998">Bass 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Until evidence to the contrary comes to light, we regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFEFFA5FCAF0F2C97C1F98B" box="[822,1006,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FCAF0F2C97C1F98B" box="[822,1006,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a single cytological entity over a significant portion of its geographic range spanning more than 1200 linear km from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FB2D0F0B913EF96C" box="[1204,1297,1661,1686]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FAAF0F0B91B7F96C" box="[1334,1432,1661,1686]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C28855FFFEFFA5FE880FD4956EF940" box="[273,321,1698,1722]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality encompassed by this range. Some hedging is necessary, however, because the characterization by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B06FFFEFFA5FE190FB096EDF924" author="Bass" box="[384,706,1733,1758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refString="Bass, J. A. B. & Brockhouse, C. (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">Bass & Brockhouse (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFFEFFA5FD6D0FB09781F927" box="[756,942,1734,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FD6D0FB09781F927" box="[756,942,1734,1757]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from an unspecified location in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FAA60FB391B3F924" box="[1343,1436,1733,1758]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
suggests that perhaps a different species is involved; their analysis indicates that IIIS is standard, rather than fixed for two overlapping inversions, which, however, produce a sequence superficially similar to the standard sequence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFFEFFA5FF5E0E479501F820" blockId="7.[151,1437,1265,2010]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFFEFFA5FF5E0E479568F8B0" bold="true" box="[199,327,1841,1866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Bionomics.</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae were collected from cool streams
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B12FFFEFFA5FCB50E449776F8B3" box="[812,857,1842,1866]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
or less in width, with closed or open canopies. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FF0E0E2394DAF894" box="[151,245,1877,1902]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the streams had open canopies and were in the heart of the moorland. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FBBB0E23904CF894" box="[1058,1123,1877,1902]" name="Spain" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the streams were 10.9–11.6 ºC, with
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FF660E0C950EF86B" box="[255,289,1914,1937]" name="Philippines" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">pH</collectingCountry>
|
||
of 5.9–7.1 and conductivity of 5.9–78.5 µS/cm. The streams (≤
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B12FFFEFFA5FB8A0E0F9078F86B" box="[1043,1111,1913,1938]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="m" value="0.5">0.5 m</quantity>
|
||
wide) in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFFEFFA5FB530E0F9106F868" box="[1226,1321,1913,1938]" name="Portugal" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
had open canopies characteristic of the high granitic mountains, with substrates of sand and stone and, at Site 6, some macrophytes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636F7FFF1FFAAFF5E09EE902EFEBA" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFEA209EE95C2FF55" box="[315,493,152,175]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFEA209EE95C2FF55" box="[315,493,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. armoricanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFF1FFAAFD2409E19737FF4A" box="[701,792,151,176]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
with those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFC7C09EE9051FF4A" box="[997,1150,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFC7C09EE9051FF4A" box="[997,1150,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFB6C09EE94D3FF2F" authority="Roubaud" authorityName="Roubaud" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFB6C09EE91B3FF4A" box="[1269,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. intermedium</emphasis>
|
||
Roubaud
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFEF909CA9650FF2F" authority="Lundstrom" authorityName="Lundstrom" box="[352,639,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFEF909CA95C1FF2E" box="[352,494,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
|
||
(Lundström)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex; in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFF1FFAAFC8B09CA9741FF2F" box="[786,878,188,213]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFC3709CA9074FF2F" authority="Fries" authorityName="Fries" box="[942,1115,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFC3709CA9032FF2E" box="[942,1053,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. aureum</emphasis>
|
||
Fries
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sensu stricto— recorded and confirmed chromosomally (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD7EFFF1FFAAFE5309969604FF02" box="[458,555,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
, classic sequence, with no polymorphisms) for the first time from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFF1FFAAFA9C09A9914EFF02" box="[1285,1377,223,248]" name="Portugal" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Site 3)—the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFF6C087295BFFEE6" box="[245,400,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFF6C087295BFFEE6" box="[245,400,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFD92087296C0FEE6" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[523,751,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="vernum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFD9208729653FEE6" box="[523,636,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. vernum</emphasis>
|
||
Macquart
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E579EFFF1FFAAFD62087397A7FEE7" box="[763,904,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFC500872905CFEE6" box="[969,1139,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="intermedium">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFC500872905CFEE6" box="[969,1139,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. intermedium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E7667FFF1FFAAFB4E0872913AFEE7" box="[1239,1301,260,285]" name="Spain" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFA110872953CFEBA" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFA110872953CFEBA" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFE1C085E95DDFEBA" box="[389,498,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="vernum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFE1C085E95DDFEBA" box="[389,498,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. vernum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23E579EFFF1FFAAFE61085E96AEFEBA" box="[504,641,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D74FFF1FFAAFD7B085E979BFEBA" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[738,948,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAE5FFF1FFAAFD7B085E9776FEBA" box="[738,857,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. ornatum</emphasis>
|
||
Meigen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |