375 lines
40 KiB
XML
375 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="0EAB3C8DBA45612423F6E59631FEDCAB" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-67.2.97" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368835" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630261439700" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Otto, Robert L." docDate="2013" docId="03D087AAA002FFEBFDED5216FBFD8702" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-67.2.97.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 67 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-67.2.97" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A0A70CFE30726088A421CCB226FF86C7.4:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="A0A70CFE30726088A421CCB226FF86C7" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Onichodon canadensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="106" masterDocId="FFE9FFD2A000FFEFFD275368FFDD837B" masterDocTitle="Eucnemid Larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part III: Mature Larval Descriptions for Three Species ofOnichodonNewman, 1838 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Macraulacini), with Notes on Their Biology" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="97" pageNumber="97" updateTime="1699201950542" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="25DA0D6B782FB89E70238C3F4BE8548A">Eucnemid Larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part III: Mature Larval Descriptions for Three Species ofOnichodonNewman, 1838 (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Macraulacini), with Notes on Their Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B2A8E7E9BF08AF71107AC7DEE61FBC9F">Otto, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="3A55C348B2BFB0627CA40BAA428AFEA4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="F5A753A9B20768FB62E50C98FBA829C5">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5EE89EC3A488364EAC45A7041EDA2032">
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<mods:date id="A2E82B8D2BFF50474D15AC2D36381547">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2401911EF40F686A033681DE4ECB79D9">2013-06-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F8A4571E5D536EFD61FF85ACCE86F935" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="71A398123AA00B1C3D7097D2C9C9A6CB">67</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3C2C400D23F915231FE698F5AFE3A00B">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="2BD1B0FFE52879F63DF1C7DF2D528E00">97</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="D473BE7072A8803415E89D743C58DF86">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-67.2.97</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="F21E6ADE2418B22A14D5A0B77669FBAA">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="72F8AEE1424ABFCACBA582B843FDF38A" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-67.2.97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="231D23CC36F7E4AD2810E73C0DC5AE6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">5368835</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D087AAA002FFEBFDED5216FBFD8702" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087AAA002FFEBFDED5216FBFD8702" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D087AAA002FFEBFDED5216FBFD8702" lastPageId="4" pageId="2">
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<subSubSection id="C3636537A002FFEDFDED5216FE1C82B2" pageId="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC636BCA002FFEDFDED5216FE1C82B2" blockId="2.[202,587,382,457]" pageId="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA002FFEDFDED5216FD9682EF" authority="(Brown, 1940)" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[202,587,382,404]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFDED5216FD9682EF" bold="true" box="[202,587,382,404]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFDED5216FE7182EF" bold="true" box="[202,428,382,404]" italics="true" pageId="2">Onichodon canadensis</emphasis>
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(Brown, 1940)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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fifth instar (
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<figureCitation id="13422A39A002FFEDFC7B52DCFE6482B2" box="[348,441,435,457]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Figs" captionStartId-0="2.[175,208,1686,1705]" captionStartId-1="3.[197,237,1457,1476]" captionTargetBox-0="[808,1087,183,1707]" captionTargetBox-1="[228,1190,183,1431]" captionTargetId-0="figure-374@2.[771,1087,183,1724]" captionTargetId-1="figure-76@3.[173,1193,183,1433]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Fig. 1. Onichodon canadensis, fifth instar, dorsal habitus." captionText-1="Figs. 2–5. Onichodon canadensis, fifth instar. 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic region, dorsal view;" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368837" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368839" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5368837/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5368839/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3636537A002FFEDFD8852B6FDFC801C" pageId="2" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BC636BCA002FFEDFD8852B6FDA381E8" blockId="2.[151,639,478,1615]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFD8852B6FEC58288" bold="true" box="[175,280,478,499]" pageId="2">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The shape of the dorsal prothoracic scleromes, along with a short, narrowly bifurcate first lateral projection of the head capsule, weakly sclerotized caudal end of the ninth abdominal segment, and oblong circular ring of asperities around the anal region should distinguish this species from its close relatives,
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA002FFEDFC6D5116FE1081E8" authorityName="Newman" authorityYear="1838" box="[330,461,638,659]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orchesides">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFC6D5116FE1081E8" box="[330,461,638,659]" italics="true" pageId="2">O. orchesides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA002FFEDFCD95116FDA581E8" baseAuthorityName="Fall" baseAuthorityYear="1928" box="[510,632,638,659]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugicollis">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFCD95116FDA581E8" box="[510,632,638,659]" italics="true" pageId="2">O. rugicollis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC636BCA002FFEDFD8851F0FDFC801C" blockId="2.[151,639,478,1615]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFD8851F0FE4D81D6" bold="true" box="[175,400,664,685]" pageId="2">Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B113CE1A002FFEDFCBA51F0FE518186" collectingDate="1997-05-05" collectionCode="T, R" collectorName="Daniel K. Young" country="United States of America" county="Marquette County" location="Eight" pageId="2" specimenCode="T17, R10" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Wisconsin">
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<location id="8EA66067A002FFEDFCBA51F0FE1281D6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087AAA002FFEBFDED5216FBFD8702:8EA66067A002FFEDFCBA51F0FE1281D6" box="[413,463,664,685]" country="United States of America" county="Marquette County" name="Eight" pageId="2" stateProvince="Wisconsin">Eight</location>
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mature larvae collected at
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFDDE51DBFE6E81B3" bold="true" box="[249,435,691,712]" pageId="2">
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<collectingCountry id="F36E762CA002FFEDFDDE51DBFEF281B3" box="[249,303,691,712]" name="United States of America" pageId="2">USA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA002FFEDFC1851DBFE6D81B3" box="[319,432,691,712]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="2">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingCounty id="62A74E30A002FFEDFC9951DBFDA781B3" box="[446,634,691,712]" pageId="2">Marquette County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DBDF9EC7A002FFEDFDB051A5FF618199" box="[151,188,717,738]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2">T17</specimenCode>
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N
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<specimenCode id="DBDF9EC7A002FFEDFDF151A5FF208199" box="[214,253,717,738]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2">R10</specimenCode>
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E sec 8,
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<date id="FFC7107CA002FFEDFC7551A5FE178199" box="[338,458,717,738]" pageId="2" value="1997-05-05">
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<collectingDate id="EF83E994A002FFEDFC7551A5FE178199" box="[338,458,717,738]" pageId="2" value="1997-05-05">5 May 1997</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="268C536AA002FFEDFCF151A5FDA78199" box="[470,634,717,738]" pageId="2">Daniel K. Young</collectorName>
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, in paper birch (
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<specimenCount id="9D7FFD35A002FFEDFC1C5180FE588186" box="[315,389,744,765]" pageId="2" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="3B113CE1A002FFEDFCBD5180FE5C8049" collectingDate="1997-05-10" collectionCode="T, R" collectorName="Robert L. Otto" country="United States of America" county="Oconto County" location="Oconto County" pageId="2" specimenCode="T29, R17" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-larva="3" stateProvince="Wisconsin">
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<collectingCounty id="62A74E30A002FFEDFCBD5180FDEA8186" box="[410,567,744,765]" pageId="2">Oconto County</collectingCounty>
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,
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||
<specimenCode id="DBDF9EC7A002FFEDFF625180FDB18186" box="[581,620,744,765]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="2">T29</specimenCode>
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N
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<specimenCode id="DBDF9EC7A002FFEDFDB0506BFF1D8063" box="[151,192,771,792]" collectionCode="R" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="2">R17</specimenCode>
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E sec 19,
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<date id="FFC7107CA002FFEDFC0D506BFE6A8063" box="[298,439,771,792]" pageId="2" value="1997-05-10">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF83E994A002FFEDFC0D506BFE6A8063" box="[298,439,771,792]" pageId="2" value="1997-05-10">10 May 1997</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="268C536AA002FFEDFCE3506BFD808063" box="[452,605,771,792]" pageId="2">Robert L. Otto</collectorName>
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||
, in paper birch (
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<specimenCount id="9D7FFD35A002FFEDFC065075FEA78049" box="[289,378,797,818]" pageId="2" type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
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||
)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B113CE1A002FFEDFCB75075FDC3801C" collectingDate="2010-04-16" collectorName="Robert L. Otto" country="United States of America" latitude="45.195267" location="Bear Paw Road" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.41403" pageId="2" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-larva="4" stateProvince="Wisconsin">
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along
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||
<location id="8EA66067A002FFEDFCF45075FDA48049" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D087AAA002FFEBFDED5216FBFD8702:8EA66067A002FFEDFCF45075FDA48049" box="[467,633,797,818]" country="United States of America" latitude="45.195267" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-88.41403" name="Bear Paw Road" pageId="2" stateProvince="Wisconsin">Bear Paw Road</location>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D507BA002FFEDFDB05050FECC8036" box="[151,273,823,845]" degrees="45" direction="north" minutes="11.716" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="45.195267">45°11.716′N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D507BA002FFEDFC3A5050FE418036" box="[285,412,823,845]" degrees="88" direction="west" minutes="24.842" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" precision="1" value="-88.41403">88°24.842′W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFC7107CA002FFEDFC805050FDEF8036" box="[423,562,824,845]" pageId="2" value="2010-04-16">
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<collectingDate id="EF83E994A002FFEDFC805050FDEF8036" box="[423,562,824,845]" pageId="2" value="2010-04-16">16 April 2010</collectingDate>
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</date>
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,
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<collectorName id="268C536AA002FFEDFF195050FF3C801C" pageId="2">Robert L. Otto</collectorName>
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, in paper birch stump (
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<specimenCount id="9D7FFD35A002FFEDFCE2503AFDCA801C" box="[453,535,850,871]" pageId="2" type="larva">4 larvae</specimenCount>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3636537A002FFEBFD885005FDE381AB" lastPageId="4" pageId="2" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA002FFEDFD885005FDA38534" blockId="2.[151,639,478,1615]" pageId="2">
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFD885005FEF680F9" bold="true" box="[175,299,877,898]" pageId="2">Description.</emphasis>
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Length 27.0–35.0 mm, width 3.0–4.0 mm. Orthosomatic.
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFC9550EFFE3A80E7" bold="true" box="[434,487,903,924]" pageId="2">Body</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13422A39A002FFEDFCDD50EFFDEB80E7" box="[506,566,903,924]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[175,208,1686,1705]" captionTargetBox="[808,1087,183,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-374@2.[771,1087,183,1724]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Onichodon canadensis, fifth instar, dorsal habitus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368837/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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): Subcylindrical, sides parallel, yellow with head and prothoracic sclerome patches dark brown. Setae reduced or absent. Pair of small legs reduced to dome-like structures present near posterolateral areas of each thoracic segment. Dorsal and ventral microtrichial patches slightly darker than their surrounding areas.
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<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFCAA5729FE1E872D" bold="true" box="[397,451,1089,1110]" pageId="2">Head</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<figureCitation id="13422A39A002FFEDFCF25729FDC8872D" box="[469,533,1089,1110]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,1457,1476]" captionTargetBox="[228,1190,183,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[173,1193,183,1433]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Onichodon canadensis, fifth instar. 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic region, dorsal view;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368839/files/figure.png" pageId="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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): Strongly flattened, prognathous, and inserted into prothorax. Dorsal cephalic disc oblong, subtrapezoidal; median ridge shallow, distinct. Ventral cephalic disc similar to dorsal side, except surface unmodified, simple. Anterior portion of the head capsule heavily sclerotized. Posterior areas of the head capsule unsclerotized. Each lateral side of head capsule with 6 projections. First lateral projections short, narrowly bifurcate, directed anterolaterally. Second through 6
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<superScript id="7C0C9BF4A002FFEDFC88562EFE60862F" attach="left" box="[431,445,1350,1364]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">th</superScript>
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||
lateral projections directed anterolaterally. Antennae minute, arising between 5
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<superScript id="7C0C9BF4A002FFEDFDDB5613FED786F2" attach="left" box="[252,266,1403,1417]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">th</superScript>
|
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and 6
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<superScript id="7C0C9BF4A002FFEDFC6E5613FE8A86F2" attach="left" box="[329,343,1403,1417]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">th</superScript>
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lateral projections. Scape not visible. Pedicel elongate. Sensorum and flagellum subequal in length. Sensory papillae indistinct. Mandibles minute, resting in the mesal acumination of the head capsule between the 6
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<superScript id="7C0C9BF4A002FFEDFCC4568DFE2C8688" attach="left" box="[483,497,1509,1523]" fontSize="6" pageId="2">th</superScript>
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||
lateral projections. Each mandible heavily sclerotized, distinct, oval, longer than wide with 2 outwardly projecting teeth. Maxillary palpi extremely small,
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="DF066634A002FFEDFD8855FEFF0685BA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368837" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368837" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368837/files/figure.png" pageId="2" startId="2.[175,208,1686,1705]" targetBox="[808,1087,183,1707]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA002FFEDFD8855FEFF0685BA" blockId="2.[151,637,1686,1729]" pageId="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFD8855FEFF3385D2" bold="true" box="[175,238,1686,1705]" pageId="2">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA002FFEDFC2355FEFE1285D3" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[260,463,1686,1704]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA002FFEDFC2355FEFE1285D3" box="[260,463,1686,1704]" italics="true" pageId="2">Onichodon canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fifth instar, dorsal habitus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF066634A003FFECFDE256D9FB7786BF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5368839" box="[197,1194,1456,1476]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368839/files/figure.png" pageId="3" startId="3.[197,237,1457,1476]" targetBox="[228,1190,183,1431]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA003FFECFDE256D9FB7786BF" blockId="3.[173,1194,1456,1500]" box="[197,1194,1456,1476]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFDE256D9FEFC86BF" bold="true" box="[197,289,1456,1476]" pageId="3">Figs. 2–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA003FFECFC1056D9FE2686B8" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[311,507,1457,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
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||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFC1056D9FE2686B8" box="[311,507,1457,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3">Onichodon canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fifth instar.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFF5756D9FD5986BF" bold="true" box="[624,644,1457,1476]" pageId="3">2)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFE1F56D9FC9186BF" bold="true" box="[824,844,1457,1476]" pageId="3">3)</emphasis>
|
||
Head and thoracic region, dorsal view;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA003FFECFD8A56A1FC6A86A7" blockId="3.[173,1194,1456,1500]" box="[173,951,1481,1500]" pageId="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFD8A56A1FF1D86A7" bold="true" box="[173,192,1481,1500]" pageId="3">4)</emphasis>
|
||
Head and thoracic region, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFF0356A1FDE586A7" bold="true" box="[548,568,1481,1500]" pageId="3">5)</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments VIII-IX, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA003FFEBFD8A554FFDE381AB" blockId="3.[173,659,1575,1729]" lastBlockId="4.[151,639,194,1730]" lastPageId="4" pageId="3">
|
||
3-segmented. Ligula, mala, lacinia, and galea not visible. Hypostomal rods absent.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFF0D552AFD4E852C" bold="true" box="[554,659,1602,1623]" pageId="3">Prothorax</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A39A003FFECFD935534FEC1850A" box="[180,284,1628,1649]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,1457,1476]" captionTargetBox="[228,1190,183,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[173,1193,183,1433]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Onichodon canadensis, fifth instar. 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic region, dorsal view;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368839/files/figure.png" pageId="3">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): Subequal to subsequent 2 thoracic segments. Tergum with pair of subtriangular scleromes, caudally rounded with a small projection. Trapezoidal microtrichial patch between scleromes. Tergum and sternum without areoles. Sternum with triangular scleromes and more rounded microtrichial patch.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA003FFECFECA5534FCD585F7" bold="true" pageId="3">Meso- and metathorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Each tergum with kidney-shaped microtrichial patch consisting of narrow triangular extension coming from mediocaudal region directed towards posterior end. Sterna similar to terga, except microtrichial patches more oblong, oval. Anterior 3/4 of each tergum with longitudinal plicae and carinae surrounding each microtrichial patch and extending towards posterior end. Mesothorax without spiracles. Metathorax with pair of small, oval areoles near posterior end. Triangular extension near mediocaudal area of microtrichial patch shorter. Metathoracic sternum with oblong areole near posterior end.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFF3652D9FDAA82BD" bold="true" box="[529,631,433,454]" pageId="4">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Segments I-IX subequal in length and width. Terga and sterna I-VIII with microtrichial patches that successively change from oval on segment I to triangular on segment VIII. Terga and sterna I-VIII with oblong, oval areole near posterior end. Tergum IX without microtrichial patch and scleromes, sparsely punctate near caudal end; sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13422A39A004FFEBFDD251EEFEEF81E0" box="[245,306,646,667]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="3.[197,237,1457,1476]" captionTargetBox="[228,1190,183,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-76@3.[173,1193,183,1433]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs. 2–5. Onichodon canadensis, fifth instar. 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic region, dorsal view;" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5368839" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5368839/files/figure.png" pageId="4">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
) with prominent, oblong ring of asperities around anal region. Urogomphi absent on segment IX. Spiracles annular-biforous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636537A004FFEBFD8851BDFDB580F1" pageId="4" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA004FFEBFD8851BDFDB580F1" blockId="4.[151,639,194,1730]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFD8851BDFEE88191" bold="true" box="[175,309,725,746]" pageId="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFC6551BEFDC38190" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[322,542,726,747]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFC6551BEFDC38190" box="[322,542,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="4">Onichodon canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFDE85198FE99807E" bold="true" box="[207,324,752,773]" pageId="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762CA004FFEBFDE85198FE9D807E" box="[207,320,752,773]" name="Canada" pageId="4">CANADA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFC695198FE2C807E" box="[334,497,752,773]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="4">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFCDA5198FDA7807E" box="[509,634,752,773]" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="4">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFDB05062FF3D8064" box="[151,224,778,799]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="4">Ontario</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFDCB5062FE668064" box="[236,443,778,799]" country="Canada" name="Prince Edward Island" pageId="4">Prince Edward Island</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFCD75062FDE78064" box="[496,570,778,799]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="4">Québec</collectingRegion>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFF615062FDA08064" bold="true" box="[582,637,778,799]" pageId="4">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762CA004FFEBFF615062FDA48064" box="[582,633,778,799]" name="United States of America" pageId="4">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFDB0504DFF018041" box="[151,220,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="4">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFDCC504DFE588041" box="[235,389,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="4">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFCB3504DFE268041" box="[404,507,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="4">Michigan</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFF2E504DFDA78041" box="[521,634,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="4">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFDB05028FEE2802E" box="[151,319,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="4">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFC6B5028FE6A802E" box="[332,439,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="4">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFCE25028FD90802E" box="[453,589,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="4">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFDB05032FF218014" box="[151,252,858,879]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="4">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4DA004FFEBFC2D5032FE568014" author="Muona & Revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae" box="[266,395,858,879]" pageId="4" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref5259" refString="Muona, J. 2000. A Revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 212: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="2000">Muona 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4DA004FFEBFCB25032FDD38014" author="Majka" box="[405,526,858,879]" pageId="4" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref5133" refString="Majka, C. G. 2007. The Eucnemidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Province of Canada: New records, observations on composition and zoogeography, and comments on the rarity of saproxylic beetles. Zootaxa 1636: 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="2007">Majka 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All specimens used in this study came from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFCDC501DFDB980F1" box="[507,612,885,906]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="4">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3636537A004FFEBFD8850E7FBFD8702" pageId="4" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA004FFEBFD8850E7FDD98559" blockId="4.[151,639,194,1730]" pageId="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFD8850E7FEDC80DF" bold="true" box="[175,257,911,932]" pageId="4">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFC2950F8FE2180DE" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[270,508,912,933]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFC2950F8FE2180DE" box="[270,508,912,933]" italics="true" pageId="4">Onichodon canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an infrequently collected species found largely in the northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762CA004FFEBFC3950ACFE7580A2" box="[286,424,964,985]" name="United States of America" pageId="4">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36E762CA004FFEBFF1450ACFDA080A2" box="[563,637,964,985]" name="Canada" pageId="4">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
with limited distribution. The species thrives in a variety of forest systems. In Wisconsin, I collected adults and larvae in bedrock glade, northern dry-mesic forest, northern hardwood swamp, northern mesic forest, northern wet-mesic forest, oak barrens, and southern mesic forest. I found
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD35A004FFEBFDB05717FF2C87EF" box="[151,241,1151,1172]" pageId="4" type="adult">one adult</specimenCount>
|
||
cadaver inside its pupal chamber within a rotten paper birch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFC4A57F1FDA787D5" authority="Marshall" authorityName="Marshall" box="[365,634,1177,1198]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="papyrifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFC4A57F1FDC487D5" box="[365,537,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="4">Betula papyrifera</emphasis>
|
||
Marshall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFDB057DCFEDD87B2" authorityName="S.F.Gray" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,256,1204,1225]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) log. Two adults were also taken in a hole excavated by a woodpecker near Fanny Lake in northern Oconto County. Based on specimen labels, collectors in Wisconsin have found the species in a flight intercept trap, at light traps, at blacklight traps, on a glueboard, in purple prism traps (Synergy Semiochemicals,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFCE9563BFDA98613" box="[462,628,1363,1384]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="4">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
), and on a girdled ash tree.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4DA004FFEBFC8B5606FDE186F8" author="Muona & Revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae" box="[428,572,1390,1411]" pageId="4" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref5259" refString="Muona, J. 2000. A Revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica. 212: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="2000">Muona (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFDE356E0FE8D86E6" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[196,336,1416,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFDE356E0FE8D86E6" box="[196,336,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="4">O. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reared from yellow birch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFDB856CBFE6986C3" authority="Britton" authorityName="Britton" box="[159,436,1443,1464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Betula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alleghaniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFDB856CBFEB486C3" box="[159,361,1443,1464]" italics="true" pageId="4">Betula alleghaniensis</emphasis>
|
||
Britton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in New Hampshire, reared from beech (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFC4F56D5FDA786A9" authority="Ehrhart" authorityName="Ehrhart" box="[360,634,1469,1490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Fagus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFC4F56D5FDFC86A9" box="[360,545,1469,1490]" italics="true" pageId="4">Fagus grandifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrhart
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFDB056B0FF298696" authorityName="Dumortier" authorityYear="1829" box="[151,244,1496,1517]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFC0456B0FEAD8696" box="[291,368,1496,1517]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="4">Québec</collectingRegion>
|
||
, collected at blacklight in New Hampshire, and taken on red spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFF60569BFEF28559" authority="Sargent" authorityName="Sargent" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFF60569BFF048559" italics="true" pageId="4">Picea rubens</emphasis>
|
||
Sargent
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFC1B5565FE4E8559" box="[316,403,1549,1570]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in Maine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA004FFEBFD88554FFCAB81E0" blockId="4.[151,639,194,1730]" lastBlockId="4.[685,1172,194,1145]" pageId="4">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4DA004FFEBFD88554FFE9E8547" author="Majka" box="[175,323,1575,1596]" pageId="4" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref5133" refString="Majka, C. G. 2007. The Eucnemidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Province of Canada: New records, observations on composition and zoogeography, and comments on the rarity of saproxylic beetles. Zootaxa 1636: 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="2007">Majka (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recorded the species in red spruce, deciduous and mixed hemlock, balsam fir (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFDE65535FEBD8509" box="[193,352,1629,1650]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFDE65535FEBD8509" box="[193,352,1629,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4">Abies balsamea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Miller;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFCCD5535FD988509" box="[490,581,1629,1650]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and black spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFC08551FFE5D85DC" authority="(Miller) Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg" authorityName="Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg" baseAuthorityName="Miller" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mariana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFC08551FFE1585F7" box="[303,456,1655,1676]" italics="true" pageId="4">Picea mariana</emphasis>
|
||
(Miller) Britton, Sterns, and Poggenburg
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) forest systems in several Canadian Maritime provinces.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE84B4DA004FFEBFC9E55C4FDA085BA" author="Webster" box="[441,637,1708,1730]" pageId="4" pagination="77 - 91" refId="ref5509" refString="Webster, R. P., J. D. Sweeny, and I. DeMerchant. 2012. New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Eucnemidae. Zookeys 179: 77 - 91." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Webster
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFF2E55C5FDE785B9" box="[521,570,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="4">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
obtained
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD35A004FFEBFE3453AAFCAB83AC" box="[787,886,194,215]" pageId="4" type="adult">40 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
in various forest systems in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFFEB53B5FCAF8389" box="[716,882,221,242]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="4">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
|
||
during the months of July and August. Thirty-seven specimens were collected from Lindgren funnel traps, while one was obtained with window traps and two others from black light traps. These 40 beetles were taken in mature hardwood forests with beech, an old red oak (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFE765214FC3D82EA" box="[849,992,380,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFE765214FC3D82EA" box="[849,992,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="4">Quercus rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) forest, an old silver maple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFE1A52FFFC2882D7" box="[829,1013,407,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saccharinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFE1A52FFFC2882D7" box="[829,1013,407,428]" italics="true" pageId="4">Acer saccharinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBF90152FFFB5082D7" box="[1062,1165,407,428]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Aceraceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Aceraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) swamp, an old mixed forest with red spruce, white spruce (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFE6D52A4FB54829A" authority="(Moench) Voss" authorityName="Voss" baseAuthorityName="Moench" box="[842,1161,460,481]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFE6D52A4FC0B829A" box="[842,982,460,481]" italics="true" pageId="4">Picea glauca</emphasis>
|
||
(Moench) Voss
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), white pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFE02528EFC768280" box="[805,939,486,507]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="strobus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFE02528EFC768280" box="[805,939,486,507]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pinus strobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFEF0528EFBEC8280" box="[983,1073,486,507]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), red pine (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFF925169FC57816D" authority="Aiton" authorityName="Aiton" box="[693,906,513,534]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="resinosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFF925169FC9B816D" box="[693,838,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="4">Pinus resinosa</emphasis>
|
||
Aiton
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), balsam fir, eastern white cedar (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFFDF5174FC1A814A" box="[760,967,540,561]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Thuja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occindentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFFDF5174FC1A814A" box="[760,967,540,561]" italics="true" pageId="4">Thuja occindentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFEDD5173FB54814B" box="[1018,1161,539,560]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), red maple (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFE0C515EFC6F8130" box="[811,946,566,587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFE0C515EFC6F8130" box="[811,946,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="4">Acer rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBF930515EFCFB811E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBF930515EFBB78130" box="[1047,1130,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="4">Populus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. (Salicaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, and an old-growth eastern white cedar forest system.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC636BCA004FFEBFFE251C8FBFD8702" blockId="4.[685,1172,194,1145]" pageId="4">
|
||
During my collections, all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C794D3FA004FFEBFEED51C8FB8E81CE" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1940" box="[970,1107,672,693]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Onichodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90DEAAEA004FFEBFEED51C8FB8E81CE" box="[970,1107,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="4">O. canadensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae were extracted exclusively from rotten paper birch in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BDF85EA004FFEBFFEE51BDFCF28191" box="[713,815,725,746]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="4">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
on separate occasions in 1997 and 2010. All extracted larvae were found in moist, firm, hard sections of the log or stump. Larvae were positioned parallel with the grain of the sapwood and burrowing between layers of wood fibers, leaving no galleries behind them. Their unique head capsule is useful as a wedge, allowing the larva to move through the sapwood. Mature larvae were observed constructing pupal chambers at about
|
||
<quantity id="4C819B59A004FFEBFE2D50ACFC8C80A2" box="[778,849,964,985]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
beneath the bark layer. Larvae assumed a U-shaped position as they molted to the pupa in the chamber. Only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7FFD35A004FFEBFEF05092FBE08774" box="[983,1085,1018,1039]" pageId="4" type="adult">four adults</specimenCount>
|
||
emerged from the wood pieces in 1997 and 2010. None of their behavior was recorded nor were there attempts to breed these specimens to obtain further information on the species’ life history.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |