258 lines
29 KiB
XML
258 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="16BD45C5ED8E8C992B257576677FE445" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189988" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4c353a91-9d54-46ae-a295-43ebe69e218d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189988" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461106674114" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="De, Amabílio J. A., Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Casagrande, Mirna M." docDate="2009" docId="5C0E878BFFBFFFE87F91FAD1FB59FD1E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02218p034.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2218" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Arsenurinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="A037FFF3FFA4FFF47F06FFE5FFE1FFB6" masterDocTitle="Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) based on adult morphology" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1698593385540" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="585618349A1C2EDA8109970A77B705B4">Cladistic analysis of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) based on adult morphology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="95EF0AFC05F826CF621BFC75B2E68314">De, Amabílio J. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="34F55F76CD3D1B01F0129E0A0078F015">Mielke, Olaf H. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A31F689C4EFC81D1371C9C2A73F3286A">Casagrande, Mirna M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4EED891DAE008A120A39BB9250090F3D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="265A6B47508F238399F837B8C175FA5C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="45C45C82EA03B004A06F4E64DA2536AA">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5C0E878BFFBFFFE87F91FAD1FB59FD1E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6212564" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119623374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6212564" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0E878BFFBFFFE87F91FAD1FB59FD1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C0E878BFFBFFFE87F91FAD1FB59FD1E" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<subSubSection id="9CBD6516FFBFFFEF7F91FAD1FD58FAF8" box="[151,697,1332,1358]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D418369DFFBFFFEF7F91FAD1FD58FAF8" blockId="27.[151,1437,1332,2021]" box="[151,697,1332,1358]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<heading id="8F5081F1FFBFFFEF7F91FAD1FD58FAF8" bold="true" box="[151,697,1332,1358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7F91FAD1FD58FAF8" bold="true" box="[151,697,1332,1358]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Relationshipss between
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7EC7FAD1FDBCFAF8" ID-CoL="93MRS" ID-ENA="315970" box="[449,605,1332,1358]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arsenurinae">Arsenurinae</taxonomicName>
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genera
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CBD6516FFBFFFEF7FC0FABEFCBDF82E" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D418369DFFBFFFEF7FC0FABEFECDF9EB" blockId="27.[151,1437,1332,2021]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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Except for brief proposals by
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7D4DFABEFCFAFAC3" author="Michener" box="[587,795,1371,1397]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Michener, C. D. (1952) The Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) of the Western Hemisphere, morphology, phylogeny, and classification. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 98 (5), 335 - 502." type="journal article" year="1952">Michener (1952)</bibRefCitation>
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, the tribal separation (Almeidaiini and Arsenurini) presented by
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7E3BFA67FE1EFA2A" author="Lemaire" box="[317,511,1410,1436]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Lemaire, C. (1980) Les Attacidae Americains (= Saturniidae). Arsenurinae. Edition C. Lemaire, Neuilly-sur-Seine, 199 pp." type="book" year="1980">Lemaire (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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and work by
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7DAAFA67FC80FA2A" author="Peigler" box="[684,865,1410,1436]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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, the relationship among the ten genera within
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7F91FA4DFEC8FA74" box="[151,297,1448,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arsenurinae">Arsenurinae</taxonomicName>
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have been incompletely presented and discussed. The results of this study corroborate
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7A41FA4DFF04FA5F" author="Peigler" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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only partially, with different topologies for some clades, possibly given the characters used and sample universe. The analysis resulted in the following relationship hypothesis among the genera: (
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7A1BFA13FA7DF9B9" box="[1309,1436,1526,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Almeidaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7A1BFA13FA7DF9B9" box="[1309,1436,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Almeidaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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((
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7FADF9F9FE34F983" box="[171,469,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7FADF9F9FED1F983" box="[171,304,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Loxolomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Loxolomia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7E38F9F9FE34F983" box="[318,469,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Copiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Copiopteryx</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) (
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7EF4F9F9FD95F983" box="[498,628,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Rhescyntis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7EF4F9F9FD95F983" box="[498,628,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rhescyntis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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((
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7D97F9F9FC5AF983" box="[657,955,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7D97F9F9FCDCF983" box="[657,829,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Grammopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Grammopelta</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7C4CF9F9FC5AF983" box="[842,955,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Arsenura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arsenura</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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) (
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7CDEF9F9FBF2F983" box="[984,1043,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Caio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7CDEF9F9FBF2F983" box="[984,1043,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Caio</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7B20F9F9FB3BF983" box="[1062,1242,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Paradaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7B20F9F9FB3BF983" box="[1062,1242,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paradaemonia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7BE8F9F9FF3EF9EA" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7BE8F9F9FA79F983" box="[1262,1432,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Dysdaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dysdaemonia</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7F91F9A6FF3EF9EA" box="[151,223,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Titaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Titaea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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))))))).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D418369DFFBFFFEF7FC0F98FFF02F8A8" blockId="27.[151,1437,1332,2021]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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It is perhaps not surprising that the genus
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7DFAF98FFC95F935" box="[764,884,1642,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Almeidaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7DFAF98FFC95F935" box="[764,884,1642,1667]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Almeidaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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forms a separate clade, given the distinct morphological aspects compared to other
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7D80F975FCF8F91C" box="[646,793,1680,1706]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arsenurinae">Arsenurinae</taxonomicName>
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. This result is in agreement with
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7BA4F975FABCF91C" author="Lemaire" box="[1186,1373,1680,1706]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Lemaire, C. (1980) Les Attacidae Americains (= Saturniidae). Arsenurinae. Edition C. Lemaire, Neuilly-sur-Seine, 199 pp." type="book" year="1980">Lemaire (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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, who included the group in a separate tribe. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7C12F952FC33F967" author="Lemaire" box="[788,978,1719,1745]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Lemaire, C. (1980) Les Attacidae Americains (= Saturniidae). Arsenurinae. Edition C. Lemaire, Neuilly-sur-Seine, 199 pp." type="book" year="1980">Lemaire (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7B08F952FB5EF967" author="Peigler" box="[1038,1215,1719,1745]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7BCAF952FAA9F966" box="[1228,1352,1719,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Almeidaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7BCAF952FAA9F966" box="[1228,1352,1719,1744]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Almeidaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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shares affinities with
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7E44F938FDE5F941" box="[322,516,1757,1783]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Ceratocampinae</taxonomicName>
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, and could be designated as a separate subfamily, being apparently a primitive group.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D418369DFFBFFFEF7FC0F8CEFCBDF82E" blockId="27.[151,1437,1332,2021]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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The relationship between
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7EF3F8CEFD93F8F2" box="[501,626,1835,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Loxolomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7EF3F8CEFD93F8F2" box="[501,626,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Loxolomia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7DAAF8CEFCDCF8F2" box="[684,829,1835,1860]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Copiopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7DAAF8CEFCDCF8F2" box="[684,829,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Copiopteryx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is supported by the common origin of M3, CuA1 and CuA2 (character 21:1). Similar to
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<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7D43F8B1FD1FF8D8" author="Peigler" box="[581,766,1876,1902]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7C0AF8B0FC73F8D8" box="[780,914,1877,1902]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Rhescyntis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7C0AF8B0FC73F8D8" box="[780,914,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Rhescyntis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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appears neighboring this clade, although belonging to another large clade formed by the other genera.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CBD6516FFBFFFE87FC0F840FABFFD82" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D418369DFFBFFFE87FC0F840FCB9FEFA" blockId="27.[151,1437,1332,2021]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1437,152,680]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7FC0F840FE88F808" ID-CoL="929WL" box="[198,361,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Grammopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7FC0F840FE88F808" box="[198,361,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Grammopelta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7EA2F840FDFDF808" ID-CoL="8ZZGG" box="[420,540,1957,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Almeidaia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7EA2F840FDFDF808" box="[420,540,1957,1982]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Almeidaia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have been considered as the most primitive genera among the
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<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7A0BF840FA7DF809" ID-CoL="93MRS" box="[1293,1436,1957,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Arsenurinae">Arsenurinae</taxonomicName>
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(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7F99F82EFEBBF853" author="Michener" box="[159,346,1995,2021]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Michener, C. D. (1952) The Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) of the Western Hemisphere, morphology, phylogeny, and classification. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 98 (5), 335 - 502." type="journal article" year="1952">Michener 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFBFFFEF7E61F82EFDF0F853" author="Lemaire" box="[359,529,1995,2021]" pageId="27" pageNumber="31" refString="Lemaire, C. (1980) Les Attacidae Americains (= Saturniidae). Arsenurinae. Edition C. Lemaire, Neuilly-sur-Seine, 199 pp." type="book" year="1980">Lemaire 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), so the less basal position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFBFFFEF7C7AF829FBC0F853" ID-CoL="929WL" box="[892,1057,1996,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Grammopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFBFFFEF7C7AF829FBC0F853" box="[892,1057,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Grammopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its status of sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87F91FF7DFEE5FF07" ID-CoL="922Z5" box="[151,260,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Arsenura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87F91FF7DFEE5FF07" box="[151,260,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Arsenura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not expected. These two genera present several distinct characters and the support of this clade is only 51% according to Jackknife analysis. However, the basic form of the wings, more evident on males and especially with less accented subapical concavity, had some influence on the final result of the analysis. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87E3BFEE9FE0CFE90" author="Peigler" box="[317,493,268,294]" pageId="28" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87C2FFEE9FC2EFE93" ID-CoL="929WL" box="[809,975,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Grammopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87C2FFEE9FC2EFE93" box="[809,975,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Grammopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87B0DFEE9FB6AFE93" ID-CoL="92DLN" box="[1035,1163,268,293]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Loxolomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87B0DFEE9FB6AFE93" box="[1035,1163,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Loxolomia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is even less supported (17%), and he indicated this is probably a false sister-group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D418369DFFB8FFE87FC0FEBCFABFFD82" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The relationship between
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87D06FEBCFCA9FEC4" box="[512,840,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87D06FEBCFDDDFEC4" ID-CoL="9248Y" box="[512,572,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Caio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Caio</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87D4DFEBCFD0EFEC4" ID-CoL="927MJ" box="[587,751,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Dysdaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dysdaemonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87DF9FEBCFCA9FEC4" ID-CoL="92PHV" box="[767,840,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Titaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Titaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87C81FEBCFBD4FEC4" ID-CoL="92HX2" box="[903,1077,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Paradaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87C81FEBCFBD4FEC4" box="[903,1077,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paradaemonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported basically by the tibial spur formula (character 27:1). This result was expected given the general appearance of the adults, especially between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87E82FE42FE2EFE76" ID-CoL="92PHV" box="[388,463,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Titaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87E82FE42FE2EFE76" box="[388,463,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Titaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87D0DFE42FD4EFE76" ID-CoL="927MJ" box="[523,687,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Dysdaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87D0DFE42FD4EFE76" box="[523,687,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Dysdaemonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87C40FE42FC19FE76" ID-CoL="92HX2" box="[838,1016,423,448]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Paradaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87C40FE42FC19FE76" box="[838,1016,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paradaemonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whose larvae feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87A17FE43FA79FE76" ID-CoL="624JG" box="[1297,1432,422,448]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lythraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Lythraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, there are records that larvae of the species of these genera are specialized in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87B4FFE28FB10FE51" box="[1097,1265,461,487]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bombacaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Bombacaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Travassos & D’Almeida 1937; D’Araujo e Silva
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87D56FE11FD67FDBB" box="[592,646,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1968;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87DE3FE11FC87FDB8" author="Dias" box="[741,870,500,526]" pageId="28" pageNumber="30" refString="Dias, M. M. (1978) Morfolofia [sic] e biologia de Dysdaemonia boreas (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera, Adelocephalidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 22, 83 - 90." type="journal article" year="1978">Dias 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87C75FE11FBEFFDB8" author="Janzen" box="[883,1038,500,526]" pageId="28" pageNumber="31" refString="Janzen, D. H. (1982) Guia para la identificacion de mariposas nocturnas de la familia Saturniidae del Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Brenesia, 19 / 20, 255 - 299." type="journal article" year="1982">Janzen 1982</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87B1AFE11FB48FDB8" author="Stone" box="[1052,1193,500,526]" pageId="28" pageNumber="31" refString="Stone, S. E. (1991) Foodplants of world Saturniidae. Memoir of the Lepidopterists' Society, 4,1 - 186." type="book" year="1991">Stone 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87BB1FE11FAB9FDB8" author="Peigler" box="[1207,1368,500,526]" pageId="28" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The relationship hypothesis among these genera is in agreement with the results presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87BA8FDFFFABBFD82" author="Peigler" box="[1198,1370,538,564]" pageId="28" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CBD6516FFB8FFE87FC0FDA4FB59FD1E" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D418369DFFB8FFE87FC0FDA4FB59FD1E" blockId="28.[151,1437,152,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
The relationship proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87D35FDA4FCE1FDED" author="Michener" box="[563,768,577,603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="31" refString="Michener, C. D. (1952) The Saturniidae (Lepidoptera) of the Western Hemisphere, morphology, phylogeny, and classification. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 98 (5), 335 - 502." type="journal article" year="1952">Michener (1952)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, where the genera
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87CECFDA4FA87FDEC" box="[1002,1382,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87CECFDA4FBBBFDEC" box="[1002,1114,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Arsenura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Arsenura</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87B6FFDA4FAECFDEC" box="[1129,1293,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Dysdaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dysdaemonia</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87A1BFDA4FA87FDEC" box="[1309,1382,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Titaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Titaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87F91FD8DFEABFD37" box="[151,330,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Paradaemonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87F91FD8DFEABFD37" box="[151,330,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Paradaemonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are presented as subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87DC7FD8DFCA3FD37" box="[705,834,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Rhescyntis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87DC7FD8DFCA3FD37" box="[705,834,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Rhescyntis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and also the association between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87BEEFD8DFA88FD37" box="[1256,1385,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Loxolomia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87BEEFD8DFA88FD37" box="[1256,1385,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Loxolomia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A74D1EFFB8FFE87F91FD6AFEDBFD1E" box="[151,314,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Saturniidae" genus="Grammopelta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D3EA8FFFB8FFE87F91FD6AFEDBFD1E" box="[151,314,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Grammopelta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B0364B6CFFB8FFE87EDEFD6BFD62FD1E" author="Peigler" box="[472,643,654,680]" pageId="28" pageNumber="31" refString="Peigler, R. S. (1993) Cladistic analysis of the genera of the subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 47 (3), 211 - 228." type="journal article" year="1993">Peigler (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, were not corroborated by the cladistic analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |