213 lines
22 KiB
XML
213 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="F9E34ED14D651829189EDE2F5BCACFCF" ID-CLB-Dataset="58516" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6512484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="67b52095-db4b-43f8-a661-4aced0511111" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-77-4" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512484" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1651524980884" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2011" docId="03F507139978FFC303C6F59EF61BFA29" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_2_Bovidae_0444.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Redunca redunca" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="622" masterDocId="FFCC7F6B994BFFF00316FF82FFEDFF81" masterDocTitle="Bovidae" masterLastPageNumber="779" masterPageNumber="444" pageNumber="622" updateTime="1699330398010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="6281EA9A189BE5B85F0C2C46700A8A2C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D2E474D8B791E15F5550038CE68A21AB">
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<mods:title id="871B164E2B84AB166E57EC1B59CF5A05">Bovidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CEF96D719A47F1E1DD3DBDD115780B81" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F74BC3CF2218BA95A4A3484611C8138E">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="DB7E5918F7DDC84ABAD0CD65C57CA50D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AB5814CE909CD3CD14060CC3356D90C5">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="2D02C7393F5CA735393C9B700196E1EC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="BEDC448CA9B0929C3D73082832E2BED7">2011</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="9C90E97F264D62AB1BD682559CB6EF18" type="pubDate">2011-08-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="9B863A3C11450EF91B3D8EE380D3F6D2">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="CAFA618EE12E81D1366FE132933C1D21">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="ED34372ED5E3B0D5A6036D5621756F92">
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<mods:title id="EB919E2B4E6B485D847FD72999837B4B">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 2 Hoofed Mammals</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D0BF7E695A6E3FC4EB8756CA367A4E75">
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<mods:classification id="AFCA90E25581F87D016EC992ABC15A12">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E5F7B8D1F8F80F1529DC11CAEE08D6DD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6512484</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F507139978FFC303C6F59EF61BFA29" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6636836" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195659198" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6636836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F507139978FFC303C6F59EF61BFA29" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F507139978FFC303C6F59EF61BFA29" lastPageNumber="622" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC303C6F59EFEF2F5C7" box="[208,287,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC303C6F59EFEF2F5C7" blockId="51.[203,1089,2588,2710]" box="[208,287,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<heading id="D0AB01699978FFC303C6F59EFEF2F5C7" box="[208,287,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<figureCitation id="1367AA809978FFC303C6F59EFEF2F5C7" box="[208,287,2588,2630]" captionStart="Plate 36: Bovidae" captionStartId="50.[91,121,3388,3413]" captionTargetBox="[12,2750,14,3636]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="112. Southern Reedbuck (Redunca arundinum), 113. Zambian Reedbuck (Redunca occidentalis), 114. Western Reedbuck (Redunca redunca), 115. Nigerian Reedbuck (Redunca nigeriensis), 116. Sudan Reedbuck (Redunca cottoni), 117. Bohor Reedbuck (Redunca bohor), 118. Southern Mountain Reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula), 119. Chanler’s Mountain Reedbuck (Redunca chanleri), 120. Adamawa Reedbuck (Redunca adamauae)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512936/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">114.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC30238F59EFD55F5C7" box="[302,696,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC30238F59EFD55F5C7" blockId="51.[203,1089,2588,2710]" box="[302,696,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<heading id="D0AB01699978FFC30238F59EFD55F5C7" box="[302,696,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9978FFC30238F59EFD55F5C7" box="[302,696,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Western Reedbuck</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC301FCF59EFBD9F5C7" box="[746,1076,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC301FCF59EFBD9F5C7" blockId="51.[203,1089,2588,2710]" box="[746,1076,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<heading id="D0AB01699978FFC301FCF59EFBD9F5C7" box="[746,1076,2588,2630]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC301FCF59EFBD9F5C7" ID-CoL="78SHW" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[746,1076,2588,2630]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Redunca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="redunca">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC301FCF59EFBD9F5C7" box="[746,1076,2588,2630]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Redunca redunca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC303DBF5DAFCD6F514" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC303DBF5DAFBADF5EC" blockId="51.[203,1089,2588,2710]" box="[205,1088,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<heading id="D0AB01699978FFC303DBF5DAFBADF5EC" box="[205,1088,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC303DBF5DAFEF7F5EC" bold="true" box="[205,282,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9978FFC30232F5DAFE35F5EC" box="[292,472,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Rédunca commun</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC302F8F5DAFDA4F5EC" bold="true" box="[494,585,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9978FFC30144F5DAFCE9F5EC" box="[594,772,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Senegal-Riedbock</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC3000CF5DAFC99F5EC" bold="true" box="[794,884,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9978FFC30069F5DAFBADF5EC" box="[895,1088,2648,2669]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Redunca occidental</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC303DAF502FCD6F514" blockId="51.[203,1089,2588,2710]" box="[204,827,2688,2709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<heading id="D0AB01699978FFC303DAF502FCD6F514" box="[204,827,2688,2709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC303DAF502FE2EF514" bold="true" box="[204,451,2688,2709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9978FFC302DBF502FD9EF514" box="[461,627,2688,2709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Nagor Reedbuck</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055FC62B9978FFC30197F502FCD6F514" box="[641,827,2688,2709]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC30197F502FD23F514" box="[641,718,2688,2709]" name="Senegal" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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Reedbuck
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</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC30022F542FA96F560" box="[820,1403,2752,2785]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC30022F542FA96F560" blockId="51.[820,1409,2752,3179]" box="[820,1403,2752,2785]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC30022F542FC22F560" bold="true" box="[820,975,2752,2785]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC300F6F542FA9BF560" ID-CoL="77GW" authority="Pallas, 1767" authorityName="Pallas" authorityYear="1767" box="[992,1398,2752,2785]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="redunca">Antilope redunca Pallas, 1767</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC30023F56AFB83F488" box="[821,1134,2792,2825]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC30023F56AFB83F488" blockId="51.[820,1409,2752,3179]" box="[821,1134,2792,2825]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<materialsCitation id="3B34BC589978FFC30023F56AFB83F488" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3785198344" box="[821,1134,2792,2825]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC30023F56AFC4EF488" box="[821,931,2792,2825]" name="Senegal" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC300A2F56AFB87F488" box="[948,1130,2792,2825]" name="Goree Island" pageId="51" pageNumber="666">Goree Island</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC30022F48DFBF4F474" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC30022F48DFBF4F474" blockId="51.[820,1409,2752,3179]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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The species name
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC3074DF48DFB1FF4B1" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[1115,1266,2831,2864]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="redunca">R. redunca</taxonomicName>
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formerly included
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC300D7F4B4FB9CF4D6" baseAuthorityName="Blaine" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[961,1137,2870,2903]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Redunca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">R. nigeriensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC30791F4B4FAEAF4D6" box="[1159,1287,2870,2903]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Strepsiceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cottoni">R. cottoni</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC30677F4B4FC91F4FF" authorityName="Rüpper" authorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Redunca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bohor">R. bohor</taxonomicName>
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as subspecies. Under the current classification,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC30717F40FFB78F427" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[1025,1173,2957,2982]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="redunca">R. redunca</taxonomicName>
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is restricted to western Africa. This species is considered monotypic here.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC30023F479FB82F312" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF23E68D9978FFC30023F479FB82F312" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6512577" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6512577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6512577/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" targetBox="[203,797,2761,3176]" targetPageId="51">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC30023F479FB82F312" blockId="51.[820,1409,2752,3179]" lastBlockId="51.[205,1407,3190,3454]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC30023F479FC09F39D" bold="true" box="[821,996,3067,3100]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Distribution.</emphasis>
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W Africa, from
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC307F3F479FABCF39D" box="[1253,1361,3067,3100]" name="Senegal" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Senegal</collectingCountry>
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to SW
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC30066F3A4FC35F3C2" box="[880,984,3110,3139]" name="Nigeria" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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; the
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC30733F3A4FB99F3C2" box="[1061,1140,3110,3139]" name="Niger" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Niger</collectingCountry>
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River is provisionally used to separate the distributions of the Western Reedbuck and the Nigerian Reedbuck (
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC300A6F3F4FB8FF312" baseAuthorityName="Blaine" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[944,1122,3190,3219]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Redunca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigeriensis">R. nigeriensis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC303DBF31BF605FE50" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC303DBF31BF605FE50" blockId="51.[205,1407,3190,3454]" lastBlockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC303DBF31BFE24F33B" bold="true" box="[205,457,3225,3258]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Few measurements available. Shoulder height c.
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09978FFC3079CF31BFB0AF33B" box="[1162,1255,3225,3258]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" unit="cm" value="68.0">68 cm</quantity>
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. Based on skull measurements, the Western Reedbuckis the smallest of the four northern reedbucks (Western Reedbuck, Nigerian Reedbuck,
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC3006AF36EFC3EF288" box="[892,979,3308,3337]" name="Sudan" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Sudan</collectingCountry>
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Reedbuck, R. cottoni, and Bohor Reedbuck,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC302BDF28DFDF0F2B1" authorityName="Rüpper" authorityYear="1842" box="[427,541,3343,3376]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Redunca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bohor">R. bohor</taxonomicName>
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). The pelage is a uniform golden yellow over the body, neck, and head, and has only minimal grizzling. The coat is relatively long, imparting a slightly shaggy appearance. The legs are the same color as the body and characteristically lack any dark markings. The tail is short and not particularly bushy, with a bright white underside. Subauricular glands are visible as dark circles beneath the ears. Males possess a pair of short, stout horns up to
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<quantity id="4CA41BE09978FFC30B13FEE2F7B5FE00" box="[2053,2136,352,385]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
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long. Typical of reedbucks, the horns have a forward curvature; the horn tips of the Western Reedbuck are sharply hooked forward and inward. Dental formulais10/3,C0/1,P3/3,M 3/3 (x2) = 32.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC306D6FE58F95AFD14" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC306D6FE58F95AFD14" blockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC306D6FE58F9C2FE76" bold="true" box="[1472,1583,474,503]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Savanna woodlands near permanent water sources, with a preference for areas with tall grass. Riverine areas are used extensively during the dry season. This species may colonize abandoned agricultural areas. In
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<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC30BD0FDABF6F6FDC7" box="[2246,2331,553,582]" name="Benin" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Benin</collectingCountry>
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, population densities of 0-14-0-7 ind/km?* have been recorded in both protected areas and regions with severe hunting pressure.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC306D6FD1DF9DEFD65" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC306D6FD1DF9DEFD65" blockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
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<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC306D6FD1DF92AFD3D" bold="true" box="[1472,1735,671,700]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, butit is a grazer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC306D6FD68F6FDFCB2" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC306D6FD68F6FDFCB2" blockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC306D6FD68F9AAFC8A" bold="true" box="[1472,1607,746,779]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but the maximum recorded longevity in captivity is ten years and eight months.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC306A9FCBAF895FC00" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC306A9FCBAF895FC00" blockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC306A9FCBAF946FCD8" bold="true" box="[1471,1707,824,857]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but likely similar to the Bohor Reedbuck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC306D7FC05F9B9FC79" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC306D7FC05F9B9FC79" blockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC306D7FC05F763FC29" bold="true" box="[1473,2190,903,936]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no specific information available for this species, but likely similar to the Nigerian Reedbuck and the Bohor Reedbuck.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC306D4FB83F652FAD9" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC306D4FB83F652FAD9" blockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC306D4FB83F8F3FB9F" bold="true" box="[1474,1822,1025,1054]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (this status combines the populations of four separate species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC30BA2FBA6F6ABFBC4" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1767" box="[2228,2374,1060,1093]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antilope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="redunca">R. redunca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, R. nigeriensis, R. cottoni, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC30553FBCEF95AFBEC" authorityName="Rüpper" authorityYear="1842" box="[1605,1719,1100,1133]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Redunca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bohor">R. bohor</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Although formerly widespread, populations of Western Reedbuck have undergone significant declines in recent decades. Numbers are very low and fragmented across much ofits distribution; viable populations are generally restricted to protected areas, such as Boucle du Baoule and Bafing Protected Areas in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC3093BFB47F581FB63" box="[2605,2668,1221,1250]" name="Serbia" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Mali</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Niokolo-Koba National Park in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC30494FB6BF81DFA8B" box="[1922,2032,1257,1290]" name="Senegal" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Arly-Singou Protected Area and Nazinga Game Ranch in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34BF6959978FFC3041AFA92F827FAB0" box="[1804,1994,1296,1329]" name="Burkina Faso" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Burkina Faso</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Ongoing threats include overhunting, habitat destruction and desertification, and competition with domestic livestock.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C346E58E9978FFC306D5FAE5F61BFA29" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE3B6059978FFC306D5FAE5F61BFA29" blockId="51.[1470,2677,274,1450]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9286A179978FFC306D5FAE5F9B1FA01" bold="true" box="[1475,1628,1383,1408]" pageId="51" pageNumber="622">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
East (1999), Heringa (1990), IUCN/SSC
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5CCD869978FFC30B3FFAE5F713FA01" authority="Specialist" authorityName="Specialist" box="[2089,2302,1383,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Antelope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="51" pageNumber="622" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Antelope Specialist</taxonomicName>
|
||
Group (2008az), Kingdon (1997), Lydekker (1914), Sayer & Green (1984), Sinsin et al. (2002), Sournia & Dupuy (1990), Weigl (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |