144 lines
33 KiB
XML
144 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="28BC04DB504B545D624CCDBCBC7BA008" ID-CLB-Dataset="7643" ID-DOI="10.1206/906.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="15ad630f-eff2-451d-a5f8-22731ff53851" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612269" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615992761985" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Lipke, Elisabeth & Michalik, Peter" docDate="2015" docId="03E487E03011216B2C80A13E61327FB6" docLanguage="en" docName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2015.396.1-72.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2015 (396)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/10.1206/906.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310.5:BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="C5E2DA72A22EF33813C92A197453A310" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2011-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Gamasomorpha vianai Biraben 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFDDFF98301921612E5DA448625E7969" masterDocTitle="Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698933598634" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="65A7CB1E414D61D171861FC485145773">Evolutionary Morphology Of The Primary Male Reproductive System And Spermatozoa Of Goblin Spiders (Oonopidae; Araneae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F32ECC32BE98C3E116EA7EBEAC143C83">Lipke, Elisabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="13285DA706F8E0F39DA7FEF6B6300578">Michalik, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9481092878E9BA9F77A2BF806C0D45FF">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5DCE4FB7C4F4DDF4CCDBBFD99C18ED90">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="99CC3267A8AE84376C2D188278F32536">2015-09-24</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1E45B862556B5ADD23B4CE95578A44DC">396</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E487E03011216B2C80A13E61327FB6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4632222" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180671188" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4632222" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487E03011216B2C80A13E61327FB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487E03011216B2C80A13E61327FB6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C357657D301121682C80A13E62947F45" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301121692C80A13E66F37CE4" blockId="8.[733,1197,1398,1421]" box="[733,1197,1398,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0BA819A301121692C80A13E66F37CE4" box="[733,1197,1398,1421]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301121692C80A13E66F37CE4" ID-CoL="3F7P8" authority="Biraben, 1954" authorityName="Biraben" authorityYear="1954" box="[733,1197,1398,1421]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Gamasomorpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vianai">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301121692C80A13E61D17CE4" box="[733,911,1398,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Gamasomorpha</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301121692DE0A130665F7CE4" box="[957,1025,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vianai</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B07301121692A57A13F66F37CE4" author="Biraben, M." box="[1034,1197,1399,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="181 - 212" refId="ref25769" refString="Biraben, M. 1954. Nuevas Gamasomorphinae de la Argentina (Araneae, Oonopidae). Notas del Museo de la Plata 17: 181 - 212." type="journal article" year="1954">Birabén, 1954</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301121682C87A1EB62947F45" blockId="8.[701,1228,1443,1759]" lastBlockId="9.[93,619,1410,1759]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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SPERM TRANSFER FORM (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692A71A1EB66287CD2" box="[1068,1142,1443,1467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 9</figureCitation>
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): Very large (.30 Mm), cone-shaped synspermia that presumably comprise four sperm, which are loosely arranged (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692DD4A1B461A07F7B" box="[905,1022,1532,1554]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
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). In the periphery of the sperm conjugate irregular tubelike membranes, originating from membrane invaginations, are visible (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692DF0A21C61A07F03" box="[941,1022,1620,1642]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). The cytoplasm is heterogeneous, numerous electron-dense droplets and lamellae are visible (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301121692A4BA2C766D47FCC" box="[1046,1162,1679,1701]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">fig. 9B, C</figureCitation>
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). The nuclei are elongated, cross sections reveal helical contortion, indicated by curls of the nuclei (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682E9CA1CA634B7CF1" box="[193,277,1410,1432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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). Numerous mitochondria are present. A thin, homogeneous secretion sheath (,
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<quantity id="4CB59B13301021682EBCA1F563657CBA" box="[225,315,1469,1491]" metricMagnitude="-8" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="nm" value="80.0">80 nm</quantity>
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) surrounds the sperm conjugates (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682EACA193632F7C98" box="[241,369,1499,1521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9A, C</figureCitation>
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). The chromatin of mature spermatozoa is irregularly condensed (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682E38A25E62E37F45" box="[101,189,1558,1580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF32667E301021682E29A0EE63C27C30" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4612283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612283/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[116,155,1190,1209]" targetBox="[93,1195,207,1167]" targetPageId="9">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301021682E29A0EE63C27C30" blockId="9.[93,1194,1190,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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Fig. 4. Characteristics of synspermia of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D75301021682C76A0EE60E57DD3" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[555,699,1190,1210]" class="Arachnida" family="Oonopidae" genus="Cinetomorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682C76A0EE60E57DD3" box="[555,699,1190,1210]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cinetomorpha</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (Iguazú).
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682D12A0EE613F7DD0" bold="true" box="[847,865,1190,1209]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A</emphasis>
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: One entire sperm conjugate is rather large (approx. 25 Mm).
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682FCDA08963E17DBD" bold="true" box="[400,447,1217,1236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">B, C</emphasis>
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: The nuclei of the four fused sperm are helically contorted, indicated by curls of the latter which are visible in cross sections.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682CDBA09460C77D86" bold="true" box="[646,665,1244,1263]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">D</emphasis>
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: The chromatin condenses irregularly, resulting in a very specific chromatin-condensation pattern.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682C09A0BE603A7C60" bold="true" box="[596,612,1270,1289]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">E</emphasis>
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: The AV is conical with a widened subacrosomal space near the anterior pole of the nucleus; it appears spoonlike in cross sections (inset).
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682DEBA159619B7C4D" bold="true" box="[950,965,1297,1316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">F</emphasis>
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: The IF is very small, comprising only the two centrioles.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682F92A16363BC7C57" bold="true" box="[463,482,1323,1342]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">G</emphasis>
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: The Ax, although hardly visible originates from the distal centriole. Note, a peN is not developed.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C357657D3010216B2E27A27B61327FB6" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236F6301021682E27A27B613E7F23" blockId="9.[93,619,1410,1759]" lastBlockId="9.[667,1193,1410,1759]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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SPERMATOZOA (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682F63A27B63CE7F22" box="[318,400,1587,1611]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">figs. 9</figureCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682FF1A27C62CA7F0E" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Acrosomal complex:</emphasis>
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AV cylindrical; narrow subacrosomal space, (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682E9DA238634A7FEF" box="[192,276,1648,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9C</figureCitation>
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). AF originates from the subacrosomal space, extends into NC.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682C62A2C662C27FA8" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Nucleus:</emphasis>
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prcN elongated (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682FCCA2E3604B7FA8" box="[401,533,1707,1729]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
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), with conspicuous chromatin-condensation pattern (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682CFEA1CA617D7CFE" box="[675,803,1410,1432]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9A, D</figureCitation>
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). Implantation fossa very small and contains only centrioles. peN not identifiable. NC located in the periphery, empty for the most part.
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<emphasis id="B939EAE4301021682D2AA19361B77C99" bold="true" box="[887,1001,1499,1520]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Axoneme:</emphasis>
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short, indicated by only few cross sections that are visible in the sperm conjugate (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682DC6A25E61B37F45" box="[923,1005,1558,1580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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); 9+3 axonemal pattern (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682D5DA27C610D7F23" box="[768,851,1588,1610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[150,188,1416,1435]" captionTargetBox="[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-56@14.[128,1230,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Characteristics of synspermia of Gamsomorpha cf vianai. A: Within the deferent ducts and the ejaculatory duct numerous very large sperm conjugates (.25 Mm) are visible. B: The nuclei are helically contorted as indicated by curls of the latter that are visible in cross sections. C: A thin secretion sheath surrounds sperm conjugates. The periphery of the syncytium is built by numerous constrictions of its membrane. D: The most obvious sperm characteristic is the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612297/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 9B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236F63010216B2CE5A21861327FB6" blockId="9.[667,1193,1410,1759]" lastBlockId="10.[701,1228,1559,1759]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
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NOTES ON SPERMIOGENESIS (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682A60A21866C57F01" box="[1085,1179,1616,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Gamasomorpha cf vianai. A: The small AV is separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense border; the narrow subacrosomal space contains the AF (inset). B: The chromatin starts condensation selectively in small spots within the nucleus. The very small IF contains only the two centrioles, the Ax, which has a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), originates from the distal centriole and extends into a flagellar tunnel. C: A small NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of the nucleus. The nucleus of all stages of spermiogenesis is surrounded by a singlelayered manchette of microtubules. D: Late spermatids show the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern, which resembles a furled sleeve in longitudinal sections. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, four spermatids entirely fuse to form large sperm conjugates. The NC is empty for the most part; the manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate development." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612299/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 10</figureCitation>
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): The small developing acrosomal vacuole with a narrow subacrosomal space (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682A5EA2C6663D7FCA" box="[1027,1123,1678,1700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Gamasomorpha cf vianai. A: The small AV is separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense border; the narrow subacrosomal space contains the AF (inset). B: The chromatin starts condensation selectively in small spots within the nucleus. The very small IF contains only the two centrioles, the Ax, which has a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), originates from the distal centriole and extends into a flagellar tunnel. C: A small NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of the nucleus. The nucleus of all stages of spermiogenesis is surrounded by a singlelayered manchette of microtubules. D: Late spermatids show the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern, which resembles a furled sleeve in longitudinal sections. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, four spermatids entirely fuse to form large sperm conjugates. The NC is empty for the most part; the manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate development." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612299/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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inset) separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense plate (
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<figureCitation id="13762A73301021682DE1A281667E7FB6" box="[956,1056,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Gamasomorpha cf vianai. A: The small AV is separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense border; the narrow subacrosomal space contains the AF (inset). B: The chromatin starts condensation selectively in small spots within the nucleus. The very small IF contains only the two centrioles, the Ax, which has a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), originates from the distal centriole and extends into a flagellar tunnel. C: A small NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of the nucleus. The nucleus of all stages of spermiogenesis is surrounded by a singlelayered manchette of microtubules. D: Late spermatids show the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern, which resembles a furled sleeve in longitudinal sections. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, four spermatids entirely fuse to form large sperm conjugates. The NC is empty for the most part; the manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate development." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612299/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">fig. 10A</figureCitation>
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). At the posterior pole of the nucleus both centrioles migrate toward the latter, initiating the formation of a small implantation fossa (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733013216B2ED5A23862B77FEF" box="[136,233,1648,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Gamasomorpha cf vianai. A: The small AV is separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense border; the narrow subacrosomal space contains the AF (inset). B: The chromatin starts condensation selectively in small spots within the nucleus. The very small IF contains only the two centrioles, the Ax, which has a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), originates from the distal centriole and extends into a flagellar tunnel. C: A small NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of the nucleus. The nucleus of all stages of spermiogenesis is surrounded by a singlelayered manchette of microtubules. D: Late spermatids show the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern, which resembles a furled sleeve in longitudinal sections. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, four spermatids entirely fuse to form large sperm conjugates. The NC is empty for the most part; the manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate development." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612299/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 10B</figureCitation>
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). The nucleus elongates markedly while the chromatin condenses irregularly, resembling an electron-dense thread in midspermatids (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733013216B2F48A28163297FB6" box="[277,375,1737,1759]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Gamasomorpha cf vianai. A: The small AV is separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense border; the narrow subacrosomal space contains the AF (inset). B: The chromatin starts condensation selectively in small spots within the nucleus. The very small IF contains only the two centrioles, the Ax, which has a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), originates from the distal centriole and extends into a flagellar tunnel. C: A small NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of the nucleus. The nucleus of all stages of spermiogenesis is surrounded by a singlelayered manchette of microtubules. D: Late spermatids show the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern, which resembles a furled sleeve in longitudinal sections. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, four spermatids entirely fuse to form large sperm conjugates. The NC is empty for the most part; the manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate development." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612299/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 10C</figureCitation>
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). Mature spermatozoa remain the irregularly condensed chromatincondensation pattern (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733013216B2D8FA27D66007F23" box="[978,1118,1589,1611]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Gamasomorpha cf vianai. A: The small AV is separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense border; the narrow subacrosomal space contains the AF (inset). B: The chromatin starts condensation selectively in small spots within the nucleus. The very small IF contains only the two centrioles, the Ax, which has a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), originates from the distal centriole and extends into a flagellar tunnel. C: A small NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of the nucleus. The nucleus of all stages of spermiogenesis is surrounded by a singlelayered manchette of microtubules. D: Late spermatids show the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern, which resembles a furled sleeve in longitudinal sections. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, four spermatids entirely fuse to form large sperm conjugates. The NC is empty for the most part; the manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate development." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612299/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 10D, E</figureCitation>
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). At the end of spermiogenesis four spermatids fuse (
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<figureCitation id="13762A733013216B2C98A238617A7FEF" box="[709,804,1648,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[116,155,1415,1434]" captionTargetBox="[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetId="figure-0@15.[93,1195,207,1393]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 10. Characteristics of spermiogenesis of Gamasomorpha cf vianai. A: The small AV is separated from the nucleus by a distinct electron-dense border; the narrow subacrosomal space contains the AF (inset). B: The chromatin starts condensation selectively in small spots within the nucleus. The very small IF contains only the two centrioles, the Ax, which has a typical 9+3 microtubular pattern (inset), originates from the distal centriole and extends into a flagellar tunnel. C: A small NC that contains the AF is located in the periphery of the nucleus. The nucleus of all stages of spermiogenesis is surrounded by a singlelayered manchette of microtubules. D: Late spermatids show the peculiar chromatin-condensation pattern, which resembles a furled sleeve in longitudinal sections. E: At the end of spermiogenesis, four spermatids entirely fuse to form large sperm conjugates. The NC is empty for the most part; the manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate development." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4612299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4612299/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">fig. 10E</figureCitation>
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) to form a very large sperm conjugate. The manchette of microtubules disintegrates during further sperm conjugate differentiation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |