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<document id="E162D08B308720E0676B700E9042F7E7" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-CLB-Dataset="37923" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4181.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7f55813e-d9fb-47d1-ae70-4207ea726e64" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="164243" ID-ZooBank="639B9F0E-4E0C-4859-9A32-093511BEEFB8" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1478071931831" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Gerulaitis, Virginijus &amp; Karsholt, Ole" docDate="2016" docId="03E487C7FF92D244FF4624E5F183F849" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4181.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4181 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stigmella altiplanica Diskus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="FFDDFFBFFFB4D262FFD12712F06DFFFE" masterDocTitle="Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1698430786409" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B944C1B52EAA5635A4D6F74B61638AFB">Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="099228F33B349C50F0F67CC431878D3A">Stonis, Jonas R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="362168A649BDBC56DD4E657312BAAB22">Diškus, Arūnas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="40FB3EC7B8164E320ABB375A1DDE8910">Remeikis, Andrius</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C08DA4E617FCACB3DB7F241900518FE">Gerulaitis, Virginijus</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F441DEE91D6D0400432C5C8E2BDA50A0">Karsholt, Ole</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0120CA9A0D8702718A86A74AF410DE56">2016</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E487C7FF92D244FF4624E5F183F849" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3500828" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124560985" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3500828" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF92D244FF4624E5F183F849" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487C7FF92D244FF4624E5F183F849" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
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<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF4624E5F2A7FBEC" blockId="38.[151,714,1015,1075]" box="[151,714,1015,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<heading id="D0BA81BDFF92D244FF4624E5F2A7FBEC" bold="true" box="[151,714,1015,1042]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF4624E5F2A7FBEC" bold="true" box="[151,714,1015,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF92D244FF4624E5F20DFBEC" authority="Diskus &amp; Stonis" authorityName="Diskus &amp; Stonis" box="[151,608,1015,1042]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altiplanica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF4624E5F1FDFBEF" bold="true" box="[151,400,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stigmella altiplanica</emphasis>
Diškus &amp; Stonis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FF92D244FDBD24EAF2A7FBEC" box="[620,714,1016,1042]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF462308F1E4FBCD" blockId="38.[151,714,1015,1075]" box="[151,393,1050,1075]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FF4E2308F098FBCD" box="[159,245,1050,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FED02309F14DFBCD" box="[257,288,1051,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">27</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FEFA2309F1ECFBCD" box="[299,385,1051,1075]" captionStart="FIGURES 98 102" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[162,1374,195,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[162,1429,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 98 102. Stigmella altiplanica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 98, male adult, holotype; 99, same, left side; 100, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 647, capsule without phallus; 101, same, phallus; 102, same, dorsal view of capsule (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266418/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">98102</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF92D244FF462370F4A4FB61" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF462370F4A4FB61" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<materialsCitation id="3B253C8CFF92D244FF462370F4A4FB61" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1324487223" collectingDate="1987-02-15" collectingDateMax="1987-02-18" collectingDateMin="1987-02-15" collectionCode="ZMUC" collectorName="Quabrada Pucavado &amp; O. Karsholt" country="Peru" elevation="4100" latitude="-9.680556" location="Cerro Cahuish" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-77.225555" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Ancash" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF462370F12AFB85" bold="true" box="[151,327,1122,1147]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<typeStatus id="54F68873FF92D244FF462370F0BFFB85" box="[151,210,1122,1147]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54F68873FF92D244FE802370F1D3FB85" box="[337,446,1122,1147]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: Ƌ,
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF92D244FE202371F256FB84" box="[497,571,1123,1146]" name="Peru" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">PERU</collectingCountry>
, Dept.
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF92D244FD402370F285FB85" box="[657,744,1122,1147]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ancash</collectingRegion>
,
<locationDeviation id="9A402FF3FF92D244FD272370F3A5FB84" box="[758,968,1122,1147]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF92D244FD272370F352FB85" box="[758,831,1122,1147]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="km" value="35.0">35 km</quantity>
SE Huaraz
</locationDeviation>
,
<location id="8E92600AFF92D244FC042371F413FB85" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487C7FF92D244FF4624E5F183F849:8E92600AFF92D244FC042371F413FB85" box="[981,1150,1122,1147]" country="Peru" latitude="-9.680556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-77.225555" name="Cerro Cahuish" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" stateProvince="Ancash">Cerro Cahuish</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF92D244FB5A2370F492FB85" box="[1163,1279,1122,1147]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="15" value="-9.680556">9°40'50&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE795016FF92D244FADF2371F5F5FB85" box="[1294,1432,1123,1147]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" precision="15" value="-77.225555">77°13'32&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF92D244FF462395F083FB60" box="[151,238,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="4100.0">
<elevation id="0060D1E2FF92D244FF462395F083FB60" box="[151,238,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="26B85307FF92D244FF2B2394F1B3FB61" box="[250,478,1158,1183]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Quabrada Pucavado</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate id="EFB7E9F9FF92D244FE392394F2EBFB61" box="[488,646,1158,1183]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1987-02-15" valueMax="1987-02-18" valueMin="1987-02-15">
<date id="FFF31011FF92D244FE392394F2EBFB61" box="[488,646,1158,1183]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" value="1987-02-15" valueMax="1987-02-18" valueMin="1987-02-15">1518.ii.1987</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="26B85307FF92D244FD432395F375FB61" box="[658,792,1158,1183]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">O. Karsholt</collectorName>
, genitalia slide no. AD647Ƌ (
<collectionCode id="ED5CAE14FF92D244FBB72395F4D0FB61" box="[1126,1213,1159,1183]" country="Denmark" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/mci8-ehqk" name="Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">ZMUC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF92D244FF1623B8F082FAF5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF1623B8F082FAF5" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF1623B8F12CFB3D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1194,1219]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The combination of a set of four large cornuti with a cluster of small spine-like cornuti, squareshaped uncus, and speckled,
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF92D244FE3323DCF256FB18" box="[482,571,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long forewing distinguishes
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF92D244FC5623DDF473FB18" box="[903,1054,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="altiplanica" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FC5623DDF473FB18" box="[903,1054,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">S. altiplanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FBF623DCF4EEFB19" bold="true" box="[1063,1155,1230,1255]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20A57B8FF92D244FBF623DCF4EEFB19" box="[1063,1155,1230,1255]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
from all other
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D52FF92D244FAE223DCF5F1FB18" box="[1331,1436,1230,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Stigmella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FAE223DCF5F1FB18" box="[1331,1436,1230,1254]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Stigmella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF92D244FF162204F3F3F8D9" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF162204F50BF9F9" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF162204F169FAD1" bold="true" box="[199,260,1302,1327]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FEC62204F1CFFAD1" box="[279,418,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURES 98 102" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[162,1374,195,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[162,1429,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 98 102. Stigmella altiplanica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 98, male adult, holotype; 99, same, left side; 100, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 647, capsule without phallus; 101, same, phallus; 102, same, dorsal view of capsule (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266418/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 98, 99</figureCitation>
). Forewing length
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF92D244FD502204F2B3FAD0" box="[641,734,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
; wingspan about
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF92D244FC7F2204F451FAD0" box="[942,1084,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="9.5" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="mm" value="9.55" valueMax="9.6" valueMin="9.5">9.59.6 mm</quantity>
. Head: palpi brownish cream; frontal tuft comprised of cream and fuscous brown piliform scales (fuscous scales prevail); collar cream; scape cream with few pale grey-brown scales; antenna slightly longer than half the length of forewing; flagellum with 40 segments, dark grey, glossy. Thorax pale grey-brown with golden gloss; tegula grey-brown to fuscous brown with golden gloss. Forewing golden cream speckled with brown and fuscous brown scales; most of fuscous scales with distinctive blue or purple iridescence; fascia absent; fringe pale brown to brown; underside of forewing greybrown. Hindwing pale brown on upper side and underside, with no spots or androconia; its fringe pale brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF162100F1CFF9D5" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" box="[199,418,1554,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF162100F148F9D5" bold="true" box="[199,293,1554,1579]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Female.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF162124F271F8FD" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF162124F11FF9B1" bold="true" box="[199,370,1590,1615]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Male genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FE502124F270F9B1" box="[385,541,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURES 98 102" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[162,1374,195,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[162,1429,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 98 102. Stigmella altiplanica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 98, male adult, holotype; 99, same, left side; 100, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 647, capsule without phallus; 101, same, phallus; 102, same, dorsal view of capsule (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266418/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 100102</figureCitation>
). Capsule longer (390 µm) than wide (240 µm). Vinculum with rounded lateral lobes and long ventral plate. Uncus square-shaped, divided into two wide angular lobes. Gnathos with two long and slender caudal processes and small central plate. Valva 265270 µm long, 8085 µm wide, with one pointed apical process and sinuous inner lobe; transtilla with short pointed sublateral processes. Juxta membranous, indistinctive. Phallus (
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FF2821D4F134F921" box="[249,345,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 98 102" captionStartId="39.[151,264,1800,1823]" captionTargetBox="[162,1374,195,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[162,1429,195,1775]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 98 102. Stigmella altiplanica Diškus &amp; Stonis, sp. nov. 98, male adult, holotype; 99, same, left side; 100, male genitalia, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD 647, capsule without phallus; 101, same, phallus; 102, same, dorsal view of capsule (ZMUC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266418/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Fig. 101</figureCitation>
) 355360 µm long, 9095 µm wide; vesica with a set of four large cornuti and a basal cluster of numerous small spine-like cornuti.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF16201CF3F3F8D9" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" box="[199,926,1806,1831]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF16201CF127F8D9" bold="true" box="[199,330,1806,1831]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Bionomics.</emphasis>
Adults fly in February. Otherwise biology unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF92D244FF162020F1F3F890" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF162020F1F3F890" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF162020F134F8B5" bold="true" box="[199,345,1842,1867]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FEBB2020F1AFF8B5" box="[362,450,1842,1867]" captionStart="FIGURES 18 19" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1935,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1912]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,193,1914]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 18 19. Distribution of high altitude Nepticulidae and collecting in the Peruvian Andes. 18, distribution map; 19, collector and co-author Ole Karsholt in Polylepis forest during Polylepis Expedition organized by Prof. Dr. Jon Fjeldså (the leader of the Polylepis Expeditions, ZMUC) in 1987." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/164248/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Figs 18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13762A54FF92D244FE012021F19DF8B5" box="[464,496,1843,1867]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="16.[151,250,2000,2022]" captionTargetBox="[163,1429,193,1982]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[163,1430,193,1983]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/266413/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">27</figureCitation>
). This species occurs high in the Peruvian Andes (
<collectingCountry id="F35A7641FF92D244FBE42021F403F8B5" box="[1077,1134,1843,1867]" name="Peru" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Peru</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="4989F833FF92D244FBAB2020F4A3F8B5" box="[1146,1230,1842,1867]" country="Peru" name="Ancash" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Ancash</collectingRegion>
Departamento) at altitudes about
<quantity id="4CB59B34FF92D244FE932045F1F7F890" box="[322,410,1879,1903]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" unit="m" value="4100.0">4100 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357655AFF92D244FF162068F183F849" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF236D1FF92D244FF162068F183F849" blockId="38.[151,1437,1122,1975]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FF162068F123F86D" bold="true" box="[199,334,1914,1939]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name is derived from Spanish
<emphasis id="B939EAC3FF92D244FCED2069F3C9F86D" box="[828,932,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Altiplano</emphasis>
(high plain) in reference to the high altitude occurrence of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>