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<document id="BA57E395B4A63F804795A021EF8D53F8" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2011n3a3" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546941" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613603788907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gómez, José Francisco, Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis, Nieves, María Hernández &amp; Stone, Graham Nicholas" docDate="2011" docId="03E487A7AF52276505FBFF136BC1FDC8" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.33.3.287-323.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B.6:Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Eurytoma robusta Mayr 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="312" masterDocId="FFDDFFDFAF4B277C0523FFCB691BFFD8" masterDocTitle="Comparative morphology and biology of terminalinstar larvae of some Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in western Europe" masterLastPageNumber="323" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="312" updateTime="1698873130332" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="8F7E34FC1E29325CBCE30E7631FB67C7">Comparative morphology and biology of terminalinstar larvae of some Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in western Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0E78AB11237353193A6F3C92B3A045F3">Gómez, José Francisco</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="9E6BAFF3F32D370A8C495F087CFFF934">Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (UCM), Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain) jf. gomez @ bio. ucm. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FDB005BAF64A70130006F8D73E113F77">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0DC3AC48903798B638146A8399ADCBD0">Nieves, María Hernández</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="717BE35312452647A6383F32C00CDE5C">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, c / José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain) aldrey @ mncn. csic. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B2C82FC3096E25340954411CEE010177">Stone, Graham Nicholas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52519A7331C34B0822547FEAB6B6F048">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences, The Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH 9 3 JT (United Kingdom) graham. stone @ ed. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF52276505FBFF136B3BFF2B" box="[216,544,215,243]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF52276505FBFF136B3BFF2B" blockId="25.[216,544,215,243]" box="[216,544,215,243]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
<heading id="D0BA81DDAF52276505FBFF136B3BFF2B" box="[216,544,215,243]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF52276505FBFF136B3BFF2B" ID-CoL="3D7ZW" authority="Mayr, 1878" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1878" box="[216,544,215,243]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF52276505FBFF136881FF2A" bold="true" box="[216,410,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Eurytoma robusta</emphasis>
Mayr, 1878
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5227650552FEDA68A4FE86" blockId="25.[113,647,273,350]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Ex
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5227650482FEDA6B50FEF1" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" box="[417,587,273,297]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabiosae">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5227650482FEDA6B50FEF1" box="[417,587,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Isocolus scabiosae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5227650550FEE069C2FE9B" authorityName="Wachtl" authorityYear="1880" box="[115,217,299,323]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogenhoferi">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5227650550FEE069C2FE9B" box="[115,217,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">rogenhoferi</emphasis>
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:
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF52276505CBFEE0683AFE9B" bold="true" box="[232,289,299,323]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF52276505CBFEE0683AFE9B" box="[232,289,299,323]" name="Spain" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Spain</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Guadalajara, Pozo de Guadalajara,
<date id="FFF31071AF5227650550FE8D69C9FE86" box="[115,210,326,350]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" value="2004-10-03">3.X.2004</date>
, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 1).
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5227650552FE5D6821FB31" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5227650552FE5D6819FE77" blockId="25.[111,649,406,1257]" box="[113,258,406,433]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5227650552FE7D685DFD57" blockId="25.[111,649,406,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
n = 1; body length
<quantity id="4CB59B54AF522765046CFE7D688DFE09" box="[335,406,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
; body width
<quantity id="4CB59B54AF522765070EFE7D6B9DFE09" box="[557,646,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF5227650559FE1E69C8FE28" box="[122,211,469,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="11.[113,123,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[113,1209,215,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-100@11.[113,663,760,1308]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIG. 5.— Ventral views ofterminal-instar eurytomidlarvae:A, Eurytomaaspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E.brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar,1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae. Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546951" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546951/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Figs 5G</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF52276505C3FE1E681EFE28" box="[224,261,469,496]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[113,123,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-96@13.[114,1209,214,1589]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 7.— Lateralviews ofterminal-instar eurytomidlarvae:A,Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E.brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar,1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae. Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546955/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">7G</figureCitation>
); body short and wide; ratio L/W = 1.38; ventral margin of body segments convex; anterodorsal protuberances present from second thoracic segment to the seventh abdominal and not protruding beyond the dorsal margin of body segments (
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF52276505C1FDBF6822FD57" box="[226,313,628,655]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="13.[113,123,1635,1652]" captionTargetBox="[114,1209,215,1589]" captionTargetId="figure-96@13.[114,1209,214,1589]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIG. 7.— Lateralviews ofterminal-instar eurytomidlarvae:A,Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E.brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar,1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae. Scale bars:1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546955" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546955/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF52276505ABFD586B05FC13" blockId="25.[111,649,406,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
Antero-medial setae of the antennal area situated slightly below the antennae; antero-medial setae of vertex relatively high on the upper face, closer to the anterior margin of vertex than to the antennae (
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF522765055BFCD969D7FCF5" box="[120,204,786,813]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="15.[113,124,1217,1234]" captionTargetBox="[282,1041,215,1174]" captionTargetId="figure-245@15.[281,852,214,791]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIG. 9. — Anterior views of the head of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae: A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, Eurytoma infracta Mayr, 1904; D, Eurytoma mayri Ashmead, 1887; E, Eurytoma pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994; F, Eurytoma robusta Mayr, 1878. Scale bars: A, B, D, F, 400 μm; C, 300 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546959" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546959/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Fig. 9F</figureCitation>
); ratios SA/LAA = 0.29 and SA/DAV = 1.18; dorsal-labral setae as long as clypeal setae; ventral margin of clypeus indistinct; labrum with slight divisions limited to apical part of labrum; the five medial lobes are not well differentiated; maxillary palps conspicuous (
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF522765048CFC7B6B09FC13" box="[431,530,944,971]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1244,1261]" captionTargetBox="[242,1082,215,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-193@18.[242,1082,214,1201]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 12. — Anterior views of mouthparts of terminal-instar eurytomidae larvae:A, Eurytoma robusta Mayr,1878; B, E. rosae Nees,1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; C, E. rufipes Walker,1832;D, E.sp.cf.aspila; E, E. sp. cf. jaceae; F, E.strigifrons Thomson,1876; G, E.timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: A-E, 100 μm; F, G: 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546965/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF52276505ABFC1B6821FB31" blockId="25.[111,649,406,1257]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
Mandibles with two teeth, exposed in part, with the tip of the first tooth visible (
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF52276504F9FC3B6B25FBD3" box="[474,574,1008,1035]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1244,1261]" captionTargetBox="[242,1082,215,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-193@18.[242,1082,214,1201]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 12. — Anterior views of mouthparts of terminal-instar eurytomidae larvae:A, Eurytoma robusta Mayr,1878; B, E. rosae Nees,1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; C, E. rufipes Walker,1832;D, E.sp.cf.aspila; E, E. sp. cf. jaceae; F, E.strigifrons Thomson,1876; G, E.timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: A-E, 100 μm; F, G: 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546965/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
); ratio L/W 1T = 2.08; outer margin of first tooth strongly convex; its tip moderately recurved; apex of the second tooth straight, directed upwards in the same direction as the first tooth, and more or less acute; inner margin of mandible, from the base of second tooth, more or less straight and not interrupted (
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF52276505EBFB056835FB31" box="[200,302,1230,1257]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,123,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[153,1169,215,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-157@20.[153,1169,214,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 13.— Anterior views of the right mandible of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; I, E. rufipes Walker, 1832; J, E. sp. cf. aspila; K, E. sp. cf. jaceae; L, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876 (right mandible); M, E. strigifrons (left mandible); N, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scales bars: A, D-G, I-N, 50 μm; B, 20 μm; C, H, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546967/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5227650552FAC66BFEFEEA" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5227650552FAC669C9FAFE" blockId="25.[111,648,1293,1700]" box="[113,210,1293,1320]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">BIOLOGY</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5227650552FAE66BFEFEEA" blockId="25.[111,648,1293,1700]" lastBlockId="25.[677,1209,216,306]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
This species has been recorded as a common ectoparasitoid of some galling tephritid fly species in heads of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5227650406FAA7688AFA5E" box="[293,401,1388,1414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5227650406FAA7688AFA5E" box="[293,401,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Centaurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and stems of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5227650712FAA769EEFA7F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5227650712FAA76B9CFA5E" box="[561,647,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Cirsium</emphasis>
(Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
. It is not clear whether it is a parasitoid of the cynipid gall species
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF522765045EFA6069AFFA3E" authority="(Giraud, 1859)" baseAuthorityName="Giraud" baseAuthorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabiosae">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF522765045EFA606B3DFA1D" box="[381,550,1451,1477]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Isocolus scabiosae</emphasis>
(Giraud, 1859)
</taxonomicName>
form
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5227650420FA006B3DFA3E" authority="Wachtl, 1880" authorityName="Wachtl" authorityYear="1880" box="[259,550,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rogenhoferi">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5227650420FA006865FA3D" box="[259,382,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">rogenhoferi</emphasis>
Wachtl, 1880
</taxonomicName>
as well, which occupies similar habitats. We have reared this species from heads of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF52276504BFF9C06B7DF9FC" box="[412,614,1546,1573]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scabiosa">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF52276504BFF9C06B7DF9FC" box="[412,614,1546,1573]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Centaurea scabiosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF5227650558F9E169CFF99D" box="[123,212,1578,1605]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="21.[113,124,1332,1349]" captionTargetBox="[132,1191,215,1276]" captionTargetId="figure-275@21.[132,1191,214,1276]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIG. 14. — A, terminal-instar larva of Eurytoma aspila (Walker, 1836) ex gall of Aulacidea tragopogonis; B, larval cells of Phanacis centaureae with terminal-instar larvae of E. aspila; C, cross-section of Cynips quercus (A) leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852, with debris of adult host; D, ventral view of terminal-instar larva of E. brunniventris ex gall of C. quercus (A);E, cross-section of a gall of Cynips divisa (A) showing fully-grown larva of E. brunniventris; F, terminal-instar larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of Plagiotrochus australis (S);G, anterior view of head of fully-grown larva of E.brunniventris ex gall of P.australis (S); H, larval cells of Aulacidea pilosellae with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836; I, larval cell on Silybum marianum with terminal-instar larva of E. cynipsea feeding on gall tissue; J, terminal-instar larva of E. robusta Mayr, 1878 in cell of Isocolus leuzeae gall; K, cross-section of Diplolepis centifoliae leaf gall showing terminal-instar larva of E. rosae Nees, 1834; L, lateral view of fully-grown larva of E. rosae ex gall of D. centifoliae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546969/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Fig. 14J</figureCitation>
) containing both cynipid and tephritid galls.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF5227650593F981685CF9BD" author="VARLEY G. C." box="[176,327,1610,1637]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" pagination="122 - 130" refId="ref22785" refString="VARLEY G. C. 1937. - Description of the eggs and larvae of four species of chalcidoid Hymenoptera parasitic on the knapweed gall-fly. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 6: 122 - 130." type="journal article" year="1937">Varley (1937)</bibRefCitation>
describes
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF522765049AF9806B3EF9BC" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1878" box="[441,549,1610,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF522765049AF9806B3EF9BC" box="[441,549,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">E. robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as being partially phytophagous after consuming the host larva.
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF5227650599F94268EFF97C" author="JOHANNESEN J. &amp; SEITZ A." box="[186,500,1673,1700]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" pagination="47 - 55" refId="ref20887" refString="JOHANNESEN J. &amp; SEITZ A. 2003. - Larval distributions of the ectoparasitoid wasp Eurytoma robusta relative to the host tephritid gall fly Urophora cardui. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 107: 47 - 55." type="journal article" year="2003">Johannesen &amp; Seitz (2003)</bibRefCitation>
also studied larval distributions of
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5227650682FF126D7BFF2A" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1878" box="[929,1120,216,242]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5227650682FF126D7BFF2A" box="[929,1120,216,242]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Eurytoma robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in galls of the tephritid gall fly
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF52276506BFFF3C6BFAFEEA" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Urophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cardui">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF52276506BFFF3C6D51FEC9" box="[924,1098,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Urophora cardui</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5227650786FE9C6BC1FDC8" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5227650786FE9C6A12FEA8" blockId="25.[675,1211,343,528]" box="[677,777,343,370]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">REMARKS</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5227650786FEBC6BC1FDC8" blockId="25.[675,1211,343,528]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5227650786FEBC6A71FE48" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1878" box="[677,874,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robusta">
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5227650786FEBC6A71FE48" box="[677,874,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="312">Eurytoma robusta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the few eurytomid species associated with cynipid communities whose larva has already been thoroughly described, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF5227650785FE1E6A5BFE28" author="VARLEY G. C." box="[678,832,469,496]" pageId="25" pageNumber="312" pagination="122 - 130" refId="ref22785" refString="VARLEY G. C. 1937. - Description of the eggs and larvae of four species of chalcidoid Hymenoptera parasitic on the knapweed gall-fly. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London B 6: 122 - 130." type="journal article" year="1937">Varley (1937)</bibRefCitation>
. Our diagnosis provides additional data.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>