328 lines
39 KiB
XML
328 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F6371D84FFEF6278897CEB7740BE6978">A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="236B32BFFD9926288E09E20685ECDB81">Tilbury, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A086FF48AD05D80C88036E10FCBE08AC">Tolley, Krystal A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7FA607881E961ABB94F7A8698A11EA87">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="CF16C3AA79742A5656BF293A2139A664">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E487A63E2F42193385F890FEE74E4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629134" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119615073" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629134" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487A63E2F42193385F890FEE74E4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487A63E2F42193385F890FEE74E4F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="C357653B3E2F421B3385F890FDA44D5B" box="[151,545,1874,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B3385F890FDA44D5B" blockId="8.[151,545,1874,1901]" box="[151,545,1874,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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<heading id="D0BA81DC3E2F421B3385F890FDA44D5B" bold="true" box="[151,545,1874,1901]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B3385F890FDA44D5B" bold="true" box="[151,545,1874,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2F421B33FCF891FDA44D5B" authority="Swainson 1839" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1839" box="[238,545,1874,1901]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B33FCF891FEE54D5A" bold="true" box="[238,352,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Trioceros</emphasis>
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Swainson 1839
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357653B3E2F421B3385F85EFCEB4DC4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B3385F85EFDD44D84" blockId="8.[151,878,1948,2035]" box="[151,593,1948,1971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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<typeStatus id="54F688123E2F421B3385F85EFF494D84" box="[151,204,1948,1971]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2F421B323FF85EFDD44D84" authority="Gray 1831" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[301,593,1948,1971]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B323FF85EFE5C4D84" box="[301,473,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Trioceros oweni</emphasis>
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Gray 1831
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B3385F87EFEE34DE4" blockId="8.[151,878,1948,2035]" box="[151,358,1980,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Generic synonyms:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B3385F81EFCEB4DC4" blockId="8.[151,878,1948,2035]" box="[151,878,2012,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2F421B3385F81EFE134DC4" authority="Fitzinger 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,406,2012,2035]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Triceras" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B3385F81EFF754DC4" box="[151,240,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Triceras</emphasis>
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Fitzinger 1843
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54F688123E2F421B32B2F81EFE504DC4" box="[416,469,2012,2035]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2F421B313DF81EFCEF4DC4" authority="Gray 1831" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1831" box="[559,874,2012,2035]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chameleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B313DF81EFD6A4DC4" box="[559,751,2012,2035]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chameleon oweni</emphasis>
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Gray 1831
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357653B3E2E42193385FF5AFEE74E4F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2E421A3385FF5AFCE04AF8" blockId="9.[151,954,152,207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3385FF5AFE114A98" authority="Gray 1864" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,404,152,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Pterosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A3385FF5AFE9D4A98" box="[151,280,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Pterosaurus</emphasis>
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||
Gray 1864
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54F688123E2E421A328FFF5AFE574A98" box="[413,466,152,175]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A313EFF5AFC334A98" authority="Stutchbury 1837" authorityName="Stutchbury" authorityYear="1837" box="[556,950,152,175]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chameleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A313EFF5AFD7E4A98" box="[556,763,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Chameleo cristatus</emphasis>
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Stutchbury 1837
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3385FF7AFE004AF8" authority="Gray 1864" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,389,184,207]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Ensirostris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A3385FF7AFE8E4AF8" box="[151,267,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Ensirostris</emphasis>
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||
Gray 1864
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</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="54F688123E2E421A3282FF7AFE404AF8" box="[400,453,184,207]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A310DFF7AFCE44AF8" authority="Gray 1865" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1865" box="[543,865,184,207]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Ensirostris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melleri">
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||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A310DFF7AFD634AF8" box="[543,742,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Ensirostris melleri</emphasis>
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Gray 1865
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2E421A3385FF3CFC6C4BBB" blockId="9.[151,1437,254,396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A3385FF3CFE8D4B2F" bold="true" box="[151,264,254,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Content:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A3203FF3DFC644BBC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3203FF3DFEE54B2F" box="[273,352,255,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">affinis</taxonomicName>
|
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A327EFF3DFDA14B2F" box="[364,548,255,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balebicornutus">balebicornutus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3123FF3DFD3F4B2F" box="[561,698,255,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitaeniatus">bitaeniatus</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A31D5FF3DFCEA4B2F" box="[711,879,255,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camerunensis">camerunensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A306EFF3DFC5C4B2F" box="[892,985,255,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapini">chapini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A30F5FF3DFB0F4B2F" box="[999,1162,255,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conirostratus">conirostratus</taxonomicName>
|
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3784FF3DFA844B2F" box="[1174,1281,255,280]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chameleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">cristatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A361CFF3DFA124B2F" box="[1294,1431,255,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="deremensis">deremensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3385FEE7FE924B09" box="[151,279,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eisentrauti">eisentrauti</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3236FEE7FEEE4B09" box="[292,363,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ellioti">ellioti</taxonomicName>
|
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A326AFEE7FE294B09" box="[376,428,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="feae">feae</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A32AAFEE7FDB94B09" box="[440,572,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuelleborni">fuelleborni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A315AFEE7FD1B4B09" box="[584,670,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goetzei">goetzei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A31B8FEE7FC9E4B09" box="[682,795,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harennae">harennae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A303AFEE7FC1D4B09" box="[808,920,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hoehnelii">hoehnelii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A30B6FEE7FBA14B09" box="[932,1060,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incornutus">incornutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3723FEE7FB244B09" box="[1073,1185,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ituriensis">ituriensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A37BCFEE7FA9E4B09" box="[1198,1307,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jacksonii">jacksonii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3635FEE7FA124B09" box="[1319,1431,293,318]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="johnstoni">johnstoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3385FE8EFE974B52" box="[151,274,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kinetensis">kinetensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A320DFE8EFE2E4B52" box="[287,427,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laterispinis">laterispinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A32AAFE8EFDE14B52" box="[440,612,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marsabitensis">marsabitensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3163FE8EFD4F4B52" box="[625,714,332,357]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Ensirostris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melleri">melleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A31C5FE8EFCC14B52" box="[727,836,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montium">montium</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3043FE8EFC484B52" box="[849,973,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narraioca">narraioca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A30C9FE8EFBAF4B52" box="[987,1066,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ntunte">ntunte</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3725FE8EFB074B52" box="[1079,1154,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chameleon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oweni">oweni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A379DFE8EFB6E4B52" box="[1167,1259,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pfefferi">pfefferi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A37EAFE8EFA1D4B52" box="[1272,1432,332,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadricornis">quadricornis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3385FEB0FF534BBC" box="[151,214,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rudis">rudis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A33F0FEB0FEF44BBC" box="[226,369,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">schoutedeni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A326EFEB0FE6B4BBC" box="[380,494,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">schubotzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A32EBFEB0FDEE4BBC" box="[505,619,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sternfeldi">sternfeldi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3165FEB0FD554BBC" box="[631,720,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tempeli">tempeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A31CEFEB0FCBF4BBC" box="[732,826,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werneri">werneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3057FEB0FC644BBC" box="[837,993,370,395]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="wiedersheimi">wiedersheimi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3266383E2E421A3385F9FBFE314C43" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187327/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" targetBox="[172,1415,461,1564]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2E421A3385F9FBFE314C43" blockId="9.[151,1436,1593,1652]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A3385F9FBFE964C66" bold="true" box="[151,275,1593,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Map showing the recorded distributions of the combined species within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3785F9F8FB794C66" box="[1175,1276,1594,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A3785F9F8FB794C66" box="[1175,1276,1594,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Trioceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
demonstrating its tropical African spread.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2E421A33D4F964FF614D6C" blockId="9.[151,1436,1702,2038]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
The genus has a tropical pan-African distribution extending from east to west, with the most southerly species occurring in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2E421A3295F90FFDA74CD0" box="[391,546,1741,1767]" name="Mozambique" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2E421A3148F90FFD364CD0" box="[602,691,1741,1767]" name="Malawi" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A31D6F90FFCB74CD1" box="[708,818,1741,1766]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Ensirostris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A31D6F90FFCB74CD1" box="[708,818,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">T. melleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the most northerly in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2E421A3762F90FFB564CD0" box="[1136,1235,1741,1767]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A37F6F90FFACF4CD1" box="[1252,1354,1741,1766]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A37F6F90FFACF4CD1" box="[1252,1354,1741,1766]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">T. affinis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A353E2E421A367EF90FFF234D3A" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1593,1617]" captionTargetBox="[172,1415,461,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,446,1579]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map showing the recorded distributions of the combined species within the genus Trioceros demonstrating its tropical African spread." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187327/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A367EF90FFF234D3A" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Fig. 3</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most of the species within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A32EAF936FDE24D3A" box="[504,615,1780,1805]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A32EAF936FDE24D3A" box="[504,615,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Trioceros</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are confined to wet evergreen forest biotopes or their peripheries with only a few species found out of evergreen forest proper (
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A3028F8D9FF564D6D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3028F8D9FC284D03" box="[826,941,1819,1844]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Ensirostris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melleri">T. melleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A30A8F8D9FBD94D03" box="[954,1116,1819,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitaeniatus">T. bitaeniatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A377BF8D9FB584D03" box="[1129,1245,1819,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goetzei">T. goetzei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A37F8F8D9FAFC4D03" box="[1258,1401,1819,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schubotzi">T. schubotzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A3694F8D9FF564D6D" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rudis">T. rudis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2E421933D7F8AAFB434AEF" blockId="9.[151,1436,1702,2038]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,152,1144]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
|
||
This is the only genus where the development of cylindrical annulated bony horns is seen. This character does not occur in all species of this genus but is found in representatives across the various sub-groups within the genus. These structures may be considered to be a synapomorphy for the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2E421A37B0F877FEBB4DC1" authority="Klaver & Bohme 1986" authorityName="Klaver & Bohme" authorityYear="1986" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2E421A37B0F877FA904DF9" box="[1186,1301,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Trioceros</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2E421A3635F877FEB04DC1" author="Klaver" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. & Bohme, W. (1986) Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Klaver & Böhme 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Other head ornamentation may include such features as occipital lobes and dual gular crests although these are not only found within this genus. The scalation is variable from sub-homogeneous and granular to markedly heterogeneous. The plantar surfaces are smooth and the claws simple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2D421933D7FF27FBFB4803" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The lungs of this genus are characterized by having between one to three large septae that are attached to and possibly arise from the ventral, medial and lateral walls of the lung
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D421930F1FECEFBF24B11" author="Klaver" box="[995,1143,268,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. (1973) Lung anatomy: aid in chameleon taxonomy. Beaufortia, 20 (269), 155 - 177." type="journal article" year="1973">Klaver 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D42193796FECEFB444B11" author="Klaver" box="[1156,1217,268,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. (1977) Comparative lung morphology in the genus Chamaeleo Laurenti, 1768 (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) with a discussion of taxonomic and zoogeographic mplications. Beaufortia 25 (327), 167 - 199." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D421937DFFECEFA894B11" author="Klaver" box="[1229,1292,268,294]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. (1981) Lung morphology in the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) and its bearing on phylogeny, systematics and zoogeography. Zeitschriftfuer zoologishe Systematik Evolutionsforsch, 19, 36 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The origin and the nature of these septae is regarded as a synapomorph character for the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D4219376EFEF0FA0A4B7B" author="Klaver" box="[1148,1423,306,332]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. & Bohme, W. (1986) Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Klaver & Böhme 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The septae sub-divide the lung into two to four chambers. The chambers are arranged from anterior to posterior. The septae do not reach the dorsal wall allowing all chambers to communicate with each other via a common space in the dorsal zone. A membrano-fibrous diaphragm partially delimits a small dorso-cranial compartment at the anterior end of the lung. Varying numbers of small partial septae arise from the anterodorsal and antero-ventral walls of the lung. In all species examined so far, the inferior and posterior surfaces of the lungs are festooned with diverticulae of varying length, structure and numbers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2D421933D7FD83FDAE48F8" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The hemipenes are calyculate with a plesiomorphic four rotulae apical ornamentation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D421937DFFD83FF5348B5" author="Klaver" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. & Bohme, W. (1986) Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Klaver & Böhme 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Several subsequent species descriptions in the genus validate this as a general statement (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D421937E8FDAAFA1248B5" author="Tilbury" box="[1274,1431,616,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Tilbury, C. R. (1998) Two new chameleons (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) from isolated Afromontane forests in Sudan and Ethiopia. Bonner zoologische Beitrage, 47 (3 - 4), 293 - 299." type="journal article" year="1998">Tilbury 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D42193385FD4CFEDE489F" author="Necas" box="[151,347,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Necas, P., Modry, D. & Slapeta, J. R. (2003) Chamaeleo (Trioceros) narraioca n. sp. (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) a new species from a relict montane forest of Mount Kulal, northern Kenya. Tropical Zoology, 16, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2003">Necas et al 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D42193274FD4CFE20489F" author="Necas" box="[358,421,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Necas, P., Modry, D. & Slapeta, J. R. (2005) Chamaeleo (Trioceros) ntunte n. sp. (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae) a new chameleon species from Mt. Nyiro, northern Kenya. Herpetozoa 18 (3 / 4), 125 - 132." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The species differ in the finer detail of calyceal structure, rotulae size, orientation and number and site of apical papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2D421933D7FD1EFE314974" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The karyotype of representative species of two of the groups differs from 2n=36=12M+
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B553E2D42193606FD1EFAC948C1" box="[1300,1356,732,758]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="24.0">24m</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D42193385FCC0FF7A492C" box="[151,255,770,795]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chameleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D42193385FCC0FF7A492C" box="[151,255,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">cristatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D4219324FFCC0FD8C492B" author="Matthey" box="[349,521,770,796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Matthey, R. (1957) Cytologie comparee et taxonomie des Chamaeleontidae (Reptilia - Lacertilia). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 64, 709 - 732." type="journal article" year="1957">Matthey 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to 2n=24=20M+
|
||
<quantity id="4CB59B553E2D421931F2FCC0FC82492B" box="[736,775,770,796]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="4.0">4m</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D4219304FFCC0FC66492C" box="[861,995,770,795]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitaeniatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D4219304FFCC0FC66492C" box="[861,995,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">bitaeniatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group (Matthey & van
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D4219361EFCC0FA1D492B" author="Brink" box="[1292,1432,770,796]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Matthey, R. & van Brink, J. M. (1956) Note preliminaire sur la cytologie chromosomique comparee des cameleons. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 63, 241 - 246." type="journal article" year="1956">Brink 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D42193385FCEBFE224974" author="Klaver" box="[151,423,809,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. & Bohme, W. (1986) Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Klaver & Böhme 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2D421933D7FC92FEE74E4F" blockId="10.[151,1437,152,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
This African genus comprises a somewhat heterogeneous collection of chameleons which encompasses at least four species complexes (
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D42193113FCB5FC3849A7" box="[513,957,887,912]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D42193113FCB5FDC949A7" box="[513,588,887,912]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D42193146FCB5FD3B49A7" box="[596,702,887,912]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chameleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">cristatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D421931D9FCB5FCD649A7" box="[715,851,887,912]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitaeniatus">bitaeniatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D42193072FCB5FC3849A7" box="[864,957,887,912]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werneri">werneri</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
–
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D421930CEFCB4FB1449A7" author="Hillenius" box="[988,1169,886,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refString="Hillenius, D. (1959) The differentiation within the genus Chamaeleo Laurenti 1768. Beaufortia, 8 (89), 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1959">Hillenius 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D4219378CFCB4FAB049A7" author="Klaver" box="[1182,1333,886,912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. (1981) Lung morphology in the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) and its bearing on phylogeny, systematics and zoogeography. Zeitschriftfuer zoologishe Systematik Evolutionsforsch, 19, 36 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">Klaver 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2D42193651FCB4FF514980" author="Koreny" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Koreny, L. (2006) Phylogeny of East-African chameleons. MSc Thesis, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, April 2006." type="book chapter" year="2006">Koreny 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which are currently loosely named “groups” as well as a single species that does not fit into any of the other groups viz:
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D42193262FC06FE6849EA" box="[368,493,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D42193262FC06FE6C49EA" box="[368,489,964,989]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Ensirostris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melleri">T. melleri</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Three of the five sub-groups within this genus have probably independently developed a viviparous reproductive strategy (
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D421931A6FC28FC0B4E34" box="[692,910,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D421931A6FC28FC854E34" box="[692,768,1002,1027]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="affinis">affinis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D4219301EFC28FC0B4E34" box="[780,910,1002,1027]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bitaeniatus">bitaeniatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D421930D4FC28FBA44E34" box="[966,1057,1002,1027]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="werneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D421930D4FC28FBA44E34" box="[966,1057,1002,1027]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">werneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
groups), whilst the fourth group (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D421933B3FBD3FE804E1D" box="[161,261,1041,1066]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chameleo" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cristatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D421933B3FBD3FE804E1D" box="[161,261,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">cristatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D4219325AFBD3FE334E1D" box="[328,438,1041,1066]" class="Squamata" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Ensirostris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2D4219325AFBD3FE334E1D" box="[328,438,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">T. melleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have retained oviparous modes of reproduction. The viviparous groups have a dense melanotic infiltration of the parietal pigmentation – a condition usually associated with viviparity in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2D42193385FB9CFEDB4E4F" box="[151,350,1118,1144]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chamaeleonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |