274 lines
39 KiB
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274 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="10F739DF193B192AE90478C3CFC14022">Updated list of the mammals of Costa Rica, with notes on recent taxonomic changes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="419C1955CE15C213DD182599F0C6B169">Mora, José Manuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C8BA7C35D49841E6CB4CC731C2FECDE9">Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 - 0751, USA. jomora @ pdx. edu, josemora 07 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1200 - 1495 & Carrera de Gestión Ecoturística, Sede Central, Universidad Técnica Nacional, Alajuela, Costa Rica.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A6E81A8FBF70BA3E667D713FFF224BA0" type="email">josemora07@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5E669A36F30DEFDEF2F774FADCED6A3F">Ruedas, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="528C6157AA1FA64320C1A57C547C54A4">Department of Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Biology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207 - 0751, USA ruedas @ pdx. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4746 - 4799</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9B09484A7BC2E38BF89FCB86E1D89EA7" type="email">ruedas@pdx.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7ED8FF415CA2C6C55D26B84C601617A8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="92CD32124857E8E8B630180CCEE9E5E5">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="801AD093E6C6099929B293BC849E11DC">2023-10-20</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C3576505FFC1FFD1D983FB4A66BBDF3B" box="[151,470,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF2368EFFC1FFD1D983FB4A66BBDF3B" blockId="4.[151,470,1267,1293]" box="[151,470,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<heading id="D0BA81E2FFC1FFD1D983FB4A66BBDF3B" bold="true" box="[151,470,1267,1293]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1D983FB4A66BBDF3B" bold="true" box="[151,470,1267,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D983FB4A6658DF3B" authorityName="Owen" authorityPageNumber="1848" box="[151,309,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D867FB4A66BBDF3B" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[371,470,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3576505FFC1FFD0D983FA82623BDBE7" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BF2368EFFC1FFD1D983FA8265BADD33" blockId="4.[151,1437,1339,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D983FA82679DDF63" box="[151,240,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
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no longer applies to an ordinal level taxon: all members of
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DA99FA82648BDF63" box="[909,998,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
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currently are included within the order
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D983FAE6664ADF4F" box="[151,295,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1D820FAE66520DF4F" author="Montgelard, C. & Catzeflis, F. M. & Douzery, E." box="[308,589,1375,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="550 - 559" refId="ref38310" refString="Montgelard, C., Catzeflis, F. M. & Douzery, E. (1997) Phylogenetic relationships of artiodactyls and cetaceans as deduced from the comparison of cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA mitochondrial sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 14 (5), 550 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. molbev. a 025792" type="journal article" year="1997">
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Montgelard
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<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1D8D4FAD9669FDF4F" box="[448,498,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
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. (1997)
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</bibRefCitation>
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proposed the name “Cetartiodactyla” to reflect the growing body of data showing
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D815FA3A6637DFAB" box="[257,346,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
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nested within
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DB1CFA3A65F5DFAB" box="[520,664,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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. However, use of the name Cetartiodactyla has been controversial because
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D9EDFA1E663FDFF7" box="[249,338,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D898FA1E6575DFF7" box="[396,536,1447,1473]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
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are not sister-taxa: molecular data distinctly show cetaceans embedded
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DC42FA1E62F1DFF7" box="[1366,1436,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">within</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D983FA72654DDFD3" authority="(Prothero et al. 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Prothero" baseAuthorityYear="2021" box="[151,544,1483,1510]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
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Artiodactyla (Prothero
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<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1D888FA7566A0DFD3" box="[412,461,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
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. 2021)
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</taxonomicName>
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. Exceptionally rapid and disparate evolution of the cetacean skull has obscured an accurate assessment of their phylogenetic relationships with other groups of mammals (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DD89FA5662FCDC3F" author="Goswami, A. & Noirault, E. & Coombs, E. J. & Clavel, J. & Fabre, A. - C. & Halliday, T. J. D. & Churchill, M. & Curtis, A. & Watanabe, A. & Simmons, N. B. & Beatty, B. L. & Geisler, J. H. & Fox, D. L. & Felice, R. N." box="[1181,1425,1519,1546]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="377 - 383" refId="ref32278" refString="Goswami, A., Noirault, E., Coombs, E. J., Clavel, J., Fabre, A. - C., Halliday, T. J. D., Churchill, M., Curtis, A., Watanabe, A., Simmons, N. B., Beatty, B. L., Geisler, J. H., Fox, D. L. & Felice, R. N. (2022) Attenuated evolution of mammals through the Cenozoic. Science, 378 (6618), 377 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. abm 7525" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Goswami
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DC06FA496228DC3F" box="[1298,1349,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2022
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). As a result, the initial—and apparently incongruous—assignment of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DAB7F9AA6491DC1B" box="[931,1020,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DD34F9AA63C1DC1B" box="[1056,1196,1555,1581]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
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generally is ascribed to molecular data from amino acid and nucleotide sequence data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DA93F98E6310DC64" author="Goodman, M. & Czelusniak, J. & Beeber, J. E." box="[903,1149,1591,1618]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="171 - 185" refId="ref31915" refString="Goodman, M., Czelusniak, J. & Beeber, J. E. (1985) Phylogeny of Primates and other eutherian orders: a cladistic analysis using amino acid data and nucleotide sequence data. Cladistics, 1 (2), 171 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.1985. tb 00420. x" type="journal article" year="1985">
|
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Goodman
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<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DD14F981635EDC67" box="[1024,1075,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1985
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Irwin
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||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DDC4F981626EDC67" box="[1232,1283,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1990;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DC4FF98E663CDC43" author="Graur, D. & Higgins, D. G." pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="357 - 364" refId="ref32401" refString="Graur, D. & Higgins, D. G. (1994) Molecular evidence for the inclusion of cetaceans within the order Artiodactyla. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 11 (3), 357 - 364. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. molbev. a 040118" type="journal article" year="1994">Graur & Higgins 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), pinpointing
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D8F9F9E265C5DC43" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[493,680,1627,1653]" class="Mammalia" family="Hippopotamidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hippopotamidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DA8BF9E2638EDC43" authority="(Gatesy et al. 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Gatesy" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[927,1251,1627,1654]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
|
||
Cetacea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DD13F9E263B7DC43" author="Gatesy, J. & Hayashi, C. & Cronin M. A. & Arctander, P." box="[1031,1242,1627,1654]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="954 - 63" refId="ref30856" refString="Gatesy, J., Hayashi, C., Cronin M. A. & Arctander, P. (1996) Evidence from milk casein genes that cetaceans are close relatives of hippopotamid artiodactyls. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13 (7), 954 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. molbev. a 025663" type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Gatesy
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DD4AF9E563FDDC43" box="[1118,1168,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Paleontological evidence subsequently corroborated this relationship (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DA17F9C66492DCAF" author="Gingerich, P. D. & Smith, B. H. & Simons, E. L." box="[771,1023,1663,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="152 - 154" refId="ref31240" refString="Gingerich, P. D., Smith, B. H. & Simons, E. L. (1990) Hind limbs of Eocene Basilosaurus: Evidence of feet in whales. Science, 249 (4965), 152 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 249.4965.154" type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Gingerich
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DA6BF93964DEDCAF" box="[895,947,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DD19F9C66325DCAF" author="Gingerich, P. D. & Haq, M. U. & Zalmout, I. S. & Khan, I. H. & Malkani, M. S." box="[1037,1096,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="2239 - 2242" refId="ref31298" refString="Gingerich, P. D., Haq, M. U., Zalmout, I. S., Khan, I. H. & Malkani, M. S. (2001) Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: Hands and feet of Eocene Protocetidae from Pakistan. Science, 293 (5538), 2239 - 2242. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 1063902" type="journal article" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DD42F9C662FADCAF" author="Thewissen, J. G. & Hussain, S. T." box="[1110,1431,1663,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="444 - 445" refId="ref44306" refString="Thewissen, J. G. & Hussain, S. T. (1993) Origin of underwater hearing in whales. Nature, 361 (6411), 444 - 445. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 361444 a 0" type="journal article" year="1993">Thewissen & Hussain 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1D983F91A6639DC8B" author="Thewissen, J. G. M." box="[151,340,1699,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="157 - 184" refId="ref44260" refString="Thewissen, J. G. M. (1994) Phylogenetic aspects of cetacean origins: a morphological perspective. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2 (3), 157 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01473527" type="journal article" year="1994">Thewissen 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Thewissen & Madar; 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DBBFF91A64C2DC8B" author="Thewissen, J. G. & Williams, E M & Roe, L. J. & Hussain, S. T." box="[683,943,1699,1726]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="277 - 281" refId="ref44406" refString="Thewissen, J. G., Williams, E M., Roe, L. J. & Hussain, S. T. (2001) Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the relationship of whales to artiodactyls. Nature, 413 (6853), 277 - 281. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 35095005" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Thewissen
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DA39F91D640CDC8B" box="[813,865,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Molecular data have provided increasing support and definition for these relationships (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DB8BF97E641ADCD7" author="Upham, N. S. & Esselstyn, J. A. & Jetz, W." box="[671,887,1735,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="3000494" refId="ref45339" refString="Upham, N. S., Esselstyn, J. A. & Jetz, W. (2019) Inferring the mammal tree: species-level sets of phylogenies for questions in ecology, evolution, and conservation. PLoS Biology, 17 (12), e 3000494. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pbio. 3000494" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Upham
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DBEFF9716440DCD7" box="[763,813,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DA97F97E6313DCD7" author="McGowen, M. R. & Tsagkogeorga, G. & Alvarez-Carretero, S. & dos Reis, M. & Struebig, M. & Deaville, R. & Jepson, P. D. & Jarman, S. & Polanowski, A. & Morin, P. A. & Rossiter, S. J." box="[899,1150,1735,1762]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="479 - 501" refId="ref37479" refString="McGowen, M. R., Tsagkogeorga, G., Alvarez-Carretero, S., dos Reis, M., Struebig, M., Deaville, R., Jepson, P. D., Jarman, S., Polanowski, A., Morin, P. A. & Rossiter, S. J. (2020) Phylogenomic resolution of the cetacean tree of life using target sequence capture. Systematic Biology, 69 (3), 479 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syz 068" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
McGowen
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DD15F971635EDCD7" box="[1025,1075,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the name and taxonomic rank of the group remains controversial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2368EFFC1FFD0D9D3F8B6623BDBE7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1339,2014]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,1041]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">
|
||
A variety of propositions have been put forward to address this controversy. We noted Cetartiodactyla above, a name that has been recommended for disuse by Asher & Helgen (2010) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DD10F88A6398DD7B" author="Prothero, D. R. & Domning, D. & Fordyce, R. E. & Foss, S. & Janis, C. & Lucas, S. & Marriott, K. L. & Metaias, G. & Naish, D. & Padian, K. & Solounias, N. & Spaulding, M. & Stucky, R. M. & Theodor, J. & Uhen, M." box="[1028,1269,1843,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="93 - 97" refId="ref40684" refString="Prothero, D. R., Domning, D., Fordyce, R. E., Foss, S., Janis, C., Lucas, S., Marriott, K. L., Metaias, G., Naish, D., Padian, K., R ˆ ssner, G., Solounias, N., Spaulding, M., Stucky, R. M., Theodor, J. & Uhen, M. (2022) On the unnecessary and misleading taxon " Cetartiodactyla ". Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 29 (1), 93 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 021 - 09572 - 7" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Prothero
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DD7FF88D63F1DD7B" box="[1131,1180,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2022)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the ordinal group. An intraordinal alternative was proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DBD9F8EE64D6DD47" author="Waddell, P. J. & Okada, N. & Hasegawa, M." box="[717,955,1879,1906]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref46312" refString="Waddell, P. J., Okada, N. & Hasegawa, M. (1999) Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals. Systematic Biology, 48 (1), 1 - 5. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / 48.1.1" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Waddell
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DA24F8E16432DD47" box="[816,863,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DAD7F8EE631EDD47" box="[963,1139,1879,1905]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
(“
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DD9AF8EE63DFDD47" bold="true" box="[1166,1202,1879,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">wh</emphasis>
|
||
ales” plus “
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DC24F8EE6219DD47" bold="true" box="[1328,1396,1879,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">hippo</emphasis>
|
||
s”), as the clade within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1D865F8C26690DDA3" box="[369,509,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
that includes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DB88F8C2643ADDA3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[668,855,1915,1941]" class="Mammalia" family="Hippopotamidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hippopotamidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC1FFD1DA9AF8C26487DDA3" box="[910,1002,1915,1941]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The same grouping subsequently was given the name Cetancodonta by Arnason
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC1FFD1DB7FF81965F6DD8F" box="[619,667,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="455">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2000, 2002, 2008). As pointed out by Asher & Helgen (2010) based on the principle of priority espoused by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC1FFD1DB70F87A6479DDE8" author="Simpson, G. G." box="[612,788,1987,2014]" pageId="4" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 350" refId="ref43111" refString="Simpson, G. G. (1945) The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 85, i - xvi + 1 - 350. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 2246 / 1104]" type="journal article" year="1945">Simpson (1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; also see Art. 23 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature), and regardless of the awkward construction of the name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DAD1FF2E6318DA87" box="[965,1141,151,177]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
has temporal priority over Cetancodonta. However, as a “clade”, it is a descriptive appellation for a monophyletic subordinate group, and does not resolve the taxonomic level at which subordinate or superordinate groups may lie; in other words: the taxonomic level of “clade” is nebulous in this instance, besides defining a common ancestry, or circumscribing “delimitable monophyletic units” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0D898FE9E6549DB77" author="Huxley, J." box="[396,548,294,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="454 - 455" refId="ref35003" refString="Huxley, J. (1957) The three types of evolutionary process. Nature, 180 (4584), 454 - 455. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / 180454 a 0" type="journal article" year="1957">Huxley 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in the present instance:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DA53FE9E636FDB77" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[839,1026,295,321]" class="Mammalia" family="Hippopotamidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Hippopotamidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DD2FFE9E63FADB77" box="[1083,1175,295,321]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There are any number of such units in any region of the tree of life one may wish to examine, and a proliferation of names for such clades would serve little useful purpose;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DB03FED66443DBBF" author="Prothero, D. R. & Domning, D. & Fordyce, R. E. & Foss, S. & Janis, C. & Lucas, S. & Marriott, K. L. & Metaias, G. & Naish, D. & Padian, K. & Solounias, N. & Spaulding, M. & Stucky, R. M. & Theodor, J. & Uhen, M." box="[535,814,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="93 - 97" refId="ref40684" refString="Prothero, D. R., Domning, D., Fordyce, R. E., Foss, S., Janis, C., Lucas, S., Marriott, K. L., Metaias, G., Naish, D., Padian, K., R ˆ ssner, G., Solounias, N., Spaulding, M., Stucky, R. M., Theodor, J. & Uhen, M. (2022) On the unnecessary and misleading taxon " Cetartiodactyla ". Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 29 (1), 93 - 97. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 021 - 09572 - 7" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Prothero
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC0FFD0DB6BFED665DCDBBF" box="[639,689,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2022:96)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
correctly pointed out that “If one wishes to convey the fact that whales are artiodactyls, one can say informally “whales and other artiodactyls” or “whales and terrestrial artiodactyls””. More recently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0D8FEFE0E65F7DBE7" box="[490,666,439,465]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been adopted as a subordinal level group (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DDB1FE0E6227DBE7" author="Lewison, R. L." box="[1189,1354,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref36223" refString="Lewison, R. L. (2011) Class Mammalia. Order Artiodactyla. Suborder Whippomorpha. Infraorder Ancodonta. Family Hippopotamidae (hippopotamuses). In: Wilson, D. E. & Mittermeier, R. A. (Eds.), Handbook of the mammals of the World. Vol. 2. Hoofed mammals. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, pp. 308 - 334." type="book" year="2011">Lewison 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3576505FFC0FFD0D9D3FE626560DE27" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF2368EFFC0FFD0D9D3FE626560DE27" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">
|
||
Linnaeus described whales, dolphins, and their ilk, as the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DABCFE6264B6DBC3" box="[936,987,475,501]" order="Cete" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="order">Cete</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DAF9FE6263D0DBC3" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[1005,1213,474,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref36410" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Sistema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Editio decima, reformata. Vol. 1. Regnum animale. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 823 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus 1758:75</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; also used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DC70FE6267BFD82F" author="Gray, J. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref32675" refString="Gray, J. E. (1843) List of the specimens of Mammalia in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 490 pp." type="book" year="1843">Gray 1843</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0D9F6FE4666F7D82F" author="Bonaparte, C. L." box="[226,410,510,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="472 - 479" refId="ref27468" refString="Bonaparte, C. L. (1851) Conspectus systematis mastozoologiae. Editio altera reformata. 1850. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali, Series 3, 3, 472 - 479." type="journal article" year="1851">Bonaparte 1851</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC0FFD0D8BEFE4666BCD82E" box="[426,465,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">nec</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0D8CFFE466563D82F" box="[475,526,511,537]" order="Cete" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="order">Cete</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EA9CFFC0FFD0DB0DFE46653AD82E" box="[537,599,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="456">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DB75FE46644DD82F" author="Thewissen, J. G. M." box="[609,800,511,537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="157 - 184" refId="ref44260" refString="Thewissen, J. G. M. (1994) Phylogenetic aspects of cetacean origins: a morphological perspective. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 2 (3), 157 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / bf 01473527" type="journal article" year="1994">Thewissen 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the currently accepted name (for the same group defined by Linnaeus) is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0D8A9FD9A65BFD80B" authority="Brisson 1762: 3" authorityName="Brisson" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1762" box="[445,722,547,573]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
|
||
Cetacea
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DB36FD9A65BFD80B" author="Brisson, M. - J." box="[546,722,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref28131" refString="Brisson, M. - J. (1762) Regnum animale in classes IX. Distributum, sive synopsis methodica: sistens generalem animalium distributionem in classes IX, & duarum primarum classium, quadrupedum scilicet & cetaceorum, particularem divisionem in ordines, sectiones, genera & species: cum brevi cujusque speciei descriptione, citationibus auctorum de iis tractantium, nominibus eis ab ipsis & nationibus impositis, nominibusque vulgaribus. 2 nd Edition. Theodorum Haak, Leiden, 296 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 40361" type="book" year="1762">Brisson 1762:3</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[first summary mention], 215 [unnumbered title page], 217 [diagnosis]. This name became accepted and since has come into widespread use (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DD6BFDFE6395D857" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1151,1272,583,609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="296 - 310" refId="ref32456" refString="Gray, J. E. (1821) On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (Pt. 1), 296 - 310." type="journal article" year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as a “Class”: “Cetaceae”, containing the order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DB00FDD265F5D8B3" box="[532,664,619,645]" order="Herbivoraae" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="order">Herbivoraae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DA35FDD264FCD8B3" box="[801,913,619,645]" class="Mammalia" family="Manatidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sirenia" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Manatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DADBFDD26338D8B3" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[975,1109,619,645]" class="Mammalia" family="Dugongidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sirenia" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dugongidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Order
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DDF6FDD26236D8B3" box="[1250,1371,619,645]" order="Carnivorae" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" rank="order">Carnivorae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0D9E8FD3666F1D89F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[252,412,655,681]" class="Mammalia" family="Monodontidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Monodontidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0D8BEFD36655BD89F" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[426,566,655,681]" class="Mammalia" family="Physeteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Physeteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Balanadae];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DA15FD3664FFD89F" author="Lesson, R. P." box="[769,914,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1" refId="ref36169" refString="Lesson, R. P. (1827) Manuel de mammalogie, ou histoire naturelle des mammiferes. J. B. Bailliere et fils, Paris, xiv + 441 + 1 (unnumbered errata) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 137811" type="journal article" year="1827">Lesson 1827</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as “Cétacées”];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DD4BFD3663B4D89F" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1119,1241,655,681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1843" refId="ref32710" refString="Gray, J. E. (1846) Pt. 3. On the cetaceous animals. In: Richardson, J. & Gray, J. E. (Eds.), Zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus and Terror, under the command of Sir James Clark Ross, R. N., F. R. S., during the years 1839 to 1843. Vol. 1. Mammalia & Birds. E. W. Janson, London, pp. 13 - 53, pl. 32 bis - 37." type="journal article" year="1846">Gray 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
[as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DC1BFD366206D89F" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1295,1387,655,681]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with the same familial arrangement as in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DB71FD0A658DD8FB" author="Gray, J. E." box="[613,736,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="296 - 310" refId="ref32456" refString="Gray, J. E. (1821) On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (Pt. 1), 296 - 310." type="journal article" year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
|
||
];
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DBE7FD0A64ECD8FB" author="Brandt, J. F." box="[755,897,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="1 - 372" refId="ref28080" refString="Brandt, J. F. (1873) Untersuchungen uber die Fossilien und Subfossilien cetaceen Europa's. Memoires de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. Petersbourg, Series 7, 20 (1), I - VIII + 1 - 372, pls. I - XXXIV." type="journal article" year="1873">Brandt 1873</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DA99FD0A6354D8FB" author="Lydekker, R." box="[909,1081,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref37130" refString="Lydekker, R. (1887) Catalogue of the fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History). Part V. Containing the Group Tillodontia, the Orders Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Monotremata, and Supplement. British Museum (Natural History), London, xxxv + 345 pp." type="book" year="1887">Lydekker 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0DD50FD0A6396D8FB" author="Trouessart, E. L." box="[1092,1275,691,717]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" pagination="999 - 1264" refId="ref45201" refString="Trouessart, E. L. (1898) n. k. In: Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Nova editio (prima completa). Vol. 2. Part 5. Tillodontia, Ungulata, Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Allotheria, Monotremata. Appendix (addenda et corrigenda). Index alphabeticus. R. Friedlander & S ˆ hn, Berlin, pp. 999 - 1264. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 130824" type="book chapter" year="1898">Trouessart 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; etc.): all used
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0D983FD6E679DD8C7" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[151,240,727,753]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an ordinal level taxon. The Committee on Taxonomy of The Society for Marine Mammalogy maintains a list of marine mammals and subspecies (https://marinemammalscience.org/science-and-publications/list-marinemammal-species-subspecies/; accessed
|
||
<date id="FFF3104EFFC0FFD0DB4EFCA6645BD90F" box="[602,822,799,825]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" value="2022-12-20">20 December 2022</date>
|
||
) listing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DA8CFCA6649CD90F" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[920,1009,799,825]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an infraorder within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DC1DFCA662F5D90F" box="[1289,1432,799,825]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Artiodactyla</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with Mysticeti and Odontoceti (no rank) and their currently accepted familial level taxa contained therein.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0DC50FCFA62F0D96B" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[1348,1437,835,861]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cetacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cetacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has been used at the family level: Doherty (1864:138) used “Cetacidae” [sic] for “whales, etc.”. Doherty (1864) even went so far as to link Cetacidae, in the “Pachydermal Order” with “Pachydermidae” (hippopotamus), albeit containing as well
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D0DFFC0FFD0D861FC1666B3D9FF" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[373,478,943,969]" class="Mammalia" family="Tapiridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Tapiridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Proboscidae (tapirs and elephants). While Doherty’s philosophical taxonomic framework was somewhat heterodox, it was not unique and may have had its origins in similar philosophical propositions of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B7FFFC0FFD0D853FC4E6564DE27" author="Swainson, W." box="[327,521,1014,1041]" pageId="5" pageNumber="456" refId="ref43619" refString="Swainson, W. (1835) A treatise on the geography and classification of animals. (The Cabinet Cyclopaedia. Version 115. Conducted by the Rev. Dionysius Lardner. Natural History). Longman, Reese, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman, London, vii + 367 pp." type="book" year="1835">Swainson (1835)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |