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<document id="C134F3CBB2ED6D9AC80602886013108D" ID-CLB-Dataset="246880" ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="380efeb5-6e5b-4c5d-9edf-fb35647c83c6" ID-ISSN="1776-0992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7827761" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1681241655756" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina, Maggs, Christine A., Rindi, Fabio, Bunker, Francis, Baldock, Lin &amp; Díaz-Tapia, Pilar" docDate="2020" docId="03E165299973FFDBFF7EA6A688F4F84C" docLanguage="en" docName="CryptogamieAlgologie.41.8.55-72.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Algologie 20 (8)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308.6:CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="C31C23F805CBAD2BB1C6021F66949308" docStyleName="CryptogamieAlgologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Vertebrata simulans Kuntze" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="FFD81D519976FFDEFF84A3348C7DFFA0" masterDocTitle="Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1699513880181" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="743A640843E1ACB5E3FD9CB19610DB15">Molecular assessment of the tribes Streblocladieae and Polysiphonieae (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) in the British Isles reveals new records and species that require taxonomic revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9D074B1557D8D2DDDF4B6022EBDA2710">Piñeiro-Corbeira, Cristina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4EF7C962AAC31C5EB1C0A824474ADBDB">Coastal Biology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña (Spain)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C18F0DEB7549490D97109F14E467F91E">Maggs, Christine A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6F76057BCF17E821CB0C198FBE6A4E43">Queen’s University Belfast, Marine Laboratory, Portaferry, Newtownards BT 22 1 PF (United Kingdom)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="85C0AF5C3A13EF2F173B0AA7A3C6AA5E">Rindi, Fabio</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52A0DBD0AC64146AC8387C0D3FEF825C">Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona (Italy)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D490017FF011FBB5241F9DDEEA490C12">Bunker, Francis</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4D41F70AC9CBC9F593503A8919CFA0CD">MarineSeen, Estuary Cottage, Bentlass, Hundleton, Pembrokeshire, Wales SA 71 5 RN (United Kingdom)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="6988FD840BAF1AC2745430F293389098">Baldock, Lin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="43A50859ADBCCEF971CCA0EDC43E64C2">Dorset Wildlife Trust, Brooklands Farm, Forston, Dorchester DT 2 7 AA (United Kingdom)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CF7771C3870464F697701A1BA615587B">Díaz-Tapia, Pilar</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="EA9C597C751B122EF2AFF57D8357036C">Coastal Biology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña (Spain) and Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de A Coruña, Aptdo. 130, 15080, A Coruña (Spain) pdiaz @ udc. es (corresponding author)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5DB37954AE4550DF3077BD3B06A47A61">Cryptogamie, Algologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E340A5D50313FCFDA4AED1CFEE616FEA">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="58F3111D12E4305ED55DF3C35117CD4E">2020-06-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="1124B684A001A8CCC6D2CB41B09B05C1">20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="962BC605C519A911B4F58F951E548485">8</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A51FF39C4E64C2B8D9C4599BEBCE6D7C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5F7762442991B2B279518D1A814E9848" type="CLB-Dataset">246880</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BEC57B356C621B08A2F1AD9F95A7A2BA" type="DOI">10.5252/cryptogamiealgologie2020v41a8</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="41727B4646E267587C40E79A5014CEE0" type="GBIF-Dataset">380efeb5-6e5b-4c5d-9edf-fb35647c83c6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1B04168147AE2B0601465529DA950761" type="ISSN">1776-0992</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03E165299973FFDBFF7EA6A688F4F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7827763" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209503220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7827763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E165299973FFDBFF7EA6A688F4F84C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E165299973FFDBFF7EA6A688F4F84C" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<subSubSection id="C35287B49973FFDBFF7EA6A68E8EFA6D" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF7D43F9973FFDBFF7EA6A68E8EFA6D" blockId="5.[152,755,1426,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<heading id="D0BF63539973FFDBFF7EA6A68E8EFA6D" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFF7EA6A68EECFA0E" authority="(Harvey) Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" baseAuthorityName="Harvey" box="[250,657,1426,1454]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF7EA6A68DA9FA0D" bold="true" box="[250,468,1426,1453]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Vertebrata simulans</emphasis>
(Harvey) Kuntze
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFF43A6868E8EFA6D" authority="P. Crouan &amp; H. Crouan" box="[199,755,1458,1485]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF43A6868D93FA6C" bold="true" box="[199,494,1458,1485]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Polysiphonia ceramiiformis</emphasis>
P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35287B49973FFDBFF00A6C788F4F84C" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF7D43F9973FFDBFF00A6C78DC3F9AB" blockId="5.[130,776,1523,2027]" box="[132,446,1523,1549]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7D43F9973FFDBFF00A52788F6FACC" blockId="5.[130,776,1523,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[810,1459,1364,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Two
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF39A5268CA3F98C" box="[189,222,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">rbc</emphasis>
L sequences for
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFE1CA5268E10F98C" box="[408,621,1554,1580]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFE1CA5268E10F98C" box="[408,621,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Vertebrata simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and three for
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFF00A5068DECF9ED" box="[132,401,1586,1613]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF00A5068DECF9ED" box="[132,401,1586,1613]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Polysiphonia ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the British Isles (four of which were newly determined) were identical, and also identical to a newly determined sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFE6DA5478EFBF92C" box="[489,646,1650,1676]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFE6DA5478EFBF92C" box="[489,646,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">P.ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F35F94AF9973FFDBFD41A5468F79F92C" box="[709,772,1650,1676]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Spain</collectingCountry>
. These sequences were resolved in the phylogeny in a highly supported clade including eight other members of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFF07A5E68C8CF94C" authorityName="S. F. Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[131,241,1746,1772]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF07A5E68C8CF94C" box="[131,241,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Vertebrata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1373C8BA9973FFDBFE81A5E68D3AF94C" box="[261,327,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[132,143,1939,1957]" captionTargetBox="[132,1448,215,1916]" captionTargetId="graphics-283@6.[130,1044,222,1907]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — Phylogenetic tree estimated with ML analysis of rbcL sequences. Values at nodes indicate bootstrap support (BP) (only shown if ≥70). Species analysed in this study are grey-shaded and species or haplotypes found in the British Isles are in bold. For P. morrowii Harvey, the number (n) of sequences available for each haplotype is indicated. Codes for countries/regions: AD, Adriatic Sea; AR, Argentina; AUS, Australia; BC, British Columbia; CH, Chile; EN, England; FR, France; GUE, Guernsey; IR, Ireland; JA, Japan; KO, Korea; LG, Ligurian Sea; NZ, New Zealand; PO, Portugal; SP, Spain." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7827768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7827768/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Relationships among members of the clade including
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFEADA5C78DE1F8AC" box="[297,412,1778,1804]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFEADA5C78DE1F8AC" box="[297,412,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">V. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were unresolved. The most closely related species in the phylogeny is
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFE65A4268D2BF8EC" authority="(Goodenough &amp; Woodward) Kuntze" authorityName="Kuntze" baseAuthorityName="Goodenough &amp; Woodward" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="byssoides">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFE65A4268E2DF88C" box="[481,592,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">V. byssoides</emphasis>
(Goodenough &amp; Woodward) Kuntze
</taxonomicName>
with 5.3% divergence in the
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFD1CA4058EC5F8EB" box="[664,696,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">rbc</emphasis>
L gene. Two
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF4BA4668C93F8CB" box="[207,238,1874,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">cox</emphasis>
1 sequences were generated for both
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFDE3A4668EA4F8CB" box="[615,729,1873,1899]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFDE3A4668EA4F8CB" box="[615,729,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">V. simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFF07A4468D62F82B" box="[131,287,1905,1931]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF07A4468D62F82B" box="[131,287,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">P.ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The three sequences from the
<collectingCountry id="F35F94AF9973FFDBFDD2A4458F7AF82B" box="[598,775,1905,1931]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
including specimens morphologically identified as
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFDEBA4A68EA7F80B" box="[623,730,1937,1963]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFDEBA4A68EA7F80B" box="[623,730,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">V.simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFF06A4868D5DF86B" box="[130,288,1969,1995]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFF06A4868D5DF86B" box="[130,288,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">P. ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were identical, while the sequence of
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFD19A4868CBFF84B" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFD19A4868CBFF84B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">P.ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F35F94AF9973FFDBFE85A4E58D41F84B" box="[257,316,2001,2027]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Spain</collectingCountry>
differed by 1 bp from the British specimens. MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7D43F9973FFDBFCA9A64789CEF9EC" blockId="5.[810,1459,1364,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFCA9A6478873FA2D" box="[813,1038,1395,1421]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFCA9A6478873FA2D" box="[813,1038,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Vertebrata simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFBD4A64789FFFA2D" box="[1104,1410,1395,1421]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFBD4A64789FFFA2D" box="[1104,1410,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Polysiphonia ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are predominantly erect (
<figureCitation id="1373C8BA9973FFDBFB88A6A78807FA0E" box="[1036,1146,1427,1454]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1101,1119]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-457@7.[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. —Vertebrata simulans (Harvey) Kuntze, P.ceramiiformis P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan morphotype:A, habit;B, upper part of a thallus; C, forcipate young branches. Vertebrata simulans: D, habit; E, upper part of a thallus; F, straight young branches; G, lateral short branches with mature tretrasporangia. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 500 µm; C, F, G, 100 µm; D, 5 mm; E, 1000 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7827770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7827770/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3A, D</figureCitation>
), attached to their substratum by short prostrate axes with unicellular rhizoids that are cut off from the pericentral cells. They have ecorticate axes with 10-13pericentral cells. Axes are 100-300 µm in diameter, with segments 0.3-0.8 L/D (length/diameter). Branches are formed mostly every 2-9 segments, replacing trichoblasts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7D43F9973FFDBFCC7A566889DF94C" blockId="5.[810,1459,1364,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFCC7A5668825F9CC" box="[835,1112,1618,1644]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFCC7A5668825F9CC" box="[835,1112,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Polysiphonia ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a soft succulent texture and branches
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFC16A546883BF92C" box="[914,1094,1650,1676]" form="corymbose" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" rank="form">form corymbose</taxonomicName>
, characteristically forcipate apices (
<figureCitation id="1373C8BA9973FFDBFCB1A5A68F10F90C" box="[821,877,1682,1708]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1101,1119]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-457@7.[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. —Vertebrata simulans (Harvey) Kuntze, P.ceramiiformis P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan morphotype:A, habit;B, upper part of a thallus; C, forcipate young branches. Vertebrata simulans: D, habit; E, upper part of a thallus; F, straight young branches; G, lateral short branches with mature tretrasporangia. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 500 µm; C, F, G, 100 µm; D, 5 mm; E, 1000 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7827770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7827770/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig.3</figureCitation>
A-C).
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFC2AA5A68810F90C" box="[942,1133,1682,1708]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFC2AA5A68810F90C" box="[942,1133,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Vertebrata simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more slender and, in addition to indeterminate branches, it has abundant branchlets that remain short and spine-like (
<figureCitation id="1373C8BA9973FFDBFBE0A5E688DFF94C" box="[1124,1186,1746,1772]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1101,1119]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-457@7.[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. —Vertebrata simulans (Harvey) Kuntze, P.ceramiiformis P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan morphotype:A, habit;B, upper part of a thallus; C, forcipate young branches. Vertebrata simulans: D, habit; E, upper part of a thallus; F, straight young branches; G, lateral short branches with mature tretrasporangia. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 500 µm; C, F, G, 100 µm; D, 5 mm; E, 1000 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7827770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7827770/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
D-F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7D43F9973FFDBFCC7A5C688F4F84C" blockId="5.[810,1459,1364,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
Reproductive structures were not observed in specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFCC2A4268FA3F88C" box="[838,990,1810,1836]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Polysiphonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="ceramiiformis">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFCC2A4268FA3F88C" box="[838,990,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">P.ceramiiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied here, but tetrasporangia,spermatangia and cystocarps were described in
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9A9CE9973FFDBFB23A4068F04F8CC" author="MAGGS C. A. &amp; HOMMERSAND M. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refId="ref10457" refString="MAGGS C. A. &amp; HOMMERSAND M. H. 1993. - Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1 Rhodophyta. Part 3 A Ceramiales. The Natural History Museum, London, 464 p." type="book" year="1993">Maggs &amp; Hommersand (1993)</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C48AFBC9973FFDBFC0EA4658822F8CB" box="[906,1119,1873,1899]" class="Florideophyceae" family="Rhodomelaceae" genus="Vertebrata" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ceramiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Rhodophyta" rank="species" species="simulans">
<emphasis id="B93C082D9973FFDBFC0EA4658822F8CB" box="[906,1119,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Vertebrata simulans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has tetrasporangia 40-70 µm in diameter, formed in short lateral branchlets, in short spiral series (
<figureCitation id="1373C8BA9973FFDBFCF0A4A58FB5F80B" box="[884,968,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="7.[131,142,1101,1119]" captionTargetBox="[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetId="figure-457@7.[131,1454,215,1066]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIG. 3. —Vertebrata simulans (Harvey) Kuntze, P.ceramiiformis P.Crouan &amp; H.Crouan morphotype:A, habit;B, upper part of a thallus; C, forcipate young branches. Vertebrata simulans: D, habit; E, upper part of a thallus; F, straight young branches; G, lateral short branches with mature tretrasporangia. Scale bars: A, 2 mm; B, 500 µm; C, F, G, 100 µm; D, 5 mm; E, 1000 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7827770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7827770/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Sexual reproductive structures are unknown except for the observation of spermatangia on a tetrasporophyte (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9A9CE9973FFDBFCB2A4E68804F84B" author="MAGGS C. A. &amp; HOMMERSAND M. H." box="[822,1145,2001,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" refId="ref10457" refString="MAGGS C. A. &amp; HOMMERSAND M. H. 1993. - Seaweeds of the British Isles. Volume 1 Rhodophyta. Part 3 A Ceramiales. The Natural History Museum, London, 464 p." type="book" year="1993">Maggs &amp; Hommersand 1993</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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