1180 lines
208 KiB
XML
1180 lines
208 KiB
XML
<document id="1060ECB75D9BA8E7E7E47F324FD2D4DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="3357" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="99d34607-0e46-4d59-a66b-6a5fd5d14385" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719160" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1619628597786" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Souza, Rafael G., Figueiredo, Rodrigo G., Azevedo, Sérgio A. K., Riff, Douglas & Kellner, Alexander W. A." docDate="2020" docId="03E11917FFEEFFE4EDA4FE7740A50267" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.188.552-578.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 188" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Sarcosuchus SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET 1966" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="567" masterDocId="FFD8616FFFEBFFEBED1DFFE541510516" masterDocTitle="Systematic revision of Sarcosuchus hartti (Crocodyliformes) from the Recôncavo Basin (Early Cretaceous) of Bahia, north-eastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="578" masterPageNumber="552" pageNumber="557" updateTime="1698937942017" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="662569873597D22D886424805D686509" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="68C78D9AF47854326BEE128882C55364">
|
||
<mods:title id="AAC84E251FB038A3F1307E18BF8900C7">Systematic revision of Sarcosuchus hartti (Crocodyliformes) from the Recôncavo Basin (Early Cretaceous) of Bahia, north-eastern Brazil</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="E80D26145432CC0CABA0B6D509DD9621" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="AB6A3A20A5959E3AFC3B146243759FDB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="6D5D7E2E470A8BC59B26AE31F6F90EF1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BA34ED67BE9012FDFB2245B889CB753A">Souza, Rafael G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AD32D4DED3FA6ED7E2F65CE2535CCE94" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7580A6B44698F2B434410CDD3898ECE1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A8E7CA0B15B0E9FE9A57D3B0FF1BA901">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DFAA6243D10ECF06C715392B892A4F50">Figueiredo, Rodrigo G.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7402163CF85104A0F6DCDE2690A85A3C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="470D76B2E8CE5E5BB011431F44867202">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1C2FC0E13B19AB6B15DA55AA6167D4B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="733E60FEBA9B2880B0F09E46FB6ABDF2">Azevedo, Sérgio A. K.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C8F1C64752C9354044CBBA8434612228" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CC73D0A666D4EA12226EA99986E31518">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="68085E3009F033636DA653C623FF800A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="722644F87789E7B0F47D9F311E7B5FF6">Riff, Douglas</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="7B835409FC01E5E58C2F5713C3E8A06B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="75E0CC7537D6A9E861EE246390F9CC20">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DE9721CC483EED5C5136D952A3E43862">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="AF46B76BE9A0DAF41C8A5B486CB304CD">Kellner, Alexander W. A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="9612BE80197D12DE58CE8940A0DC4506">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="DE504EA116A03F2EF6A4969B2477EE6B" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="019E515FDFBA3F39987674E4B0EEAFDF">
|
||
<mods:title id="10B9DF3379BC01554F1911057E07AE36">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="029A3AA15883FA75EA345AEF17903BE0">
|
||
<mods:date id="7F9EAC8B3DC1CB89C4CB48C8D72706D4">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="EDC522EAC32E0C9BD9AA48F92ECBE3E5" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="5A5999868E636618F688E0D50E4452F3">2019-08-12</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="5C82025BDDF218BB181987A3328913B3" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="338999B5B89FD504546F283C1BA9A6F0">188</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="32E5504888C84B383C5C159EBAF46483" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="054F3BC257632D5247BCA907A84CE278">552</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="6F67CC942B21745CB3D13297D2F2C603">578</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="01C1DE0349959B2036175F782F2EBB3D">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="995293AE397828280941BB09D7A83CEA" type="CLB-Dataset">3357</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A4945E246E68517725497AA6764E099E" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz057</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E2E46E3277B1BC71E6B155E88E1DA009" type="GBIF-Dataset">99d34607-0e46-4d59-a66b-6a5fd5d14385</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BAEF54FF65095CE8046FC7886C32E05B" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="54238D30D54C3E3A7729B5421BE9FCDE" type="Zenodo-Dep">5719160</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03E11917FFEEFFE4EDA4FE7740A50267" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719172" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190510056" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719172" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E11917FFEEFFE4EDA4FE7740A50267" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E11917FFEEFFE4EDA4FE7740A50267" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352FB8AFFEEFFEEEDA4FE77438204BD" box="[185,723,402,427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEDA4FE77438204BD" blockId="5.[185,723,402,427]" box="[185,723,402,427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<heading id="D0BF1F6DFFEEFFEEEDA4FE77438204BD" box="[185,723,402,427]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEDA4FE77438204BD" authority="SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET, 1966)" authorityName="SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET" authorityYear="1966" box="[185,723,402,427]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEDA4FE77403004BC" box="[185,353,402,426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">SARCOSUCHUS</emphasis>
|
||
SP. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEC85FE73439A04BD" author="de Broin FP & Taquet P" box="[408,715,402,427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="2326 - 2329" refId="ref20293" refString="de Broin FP, Taquet P. 1966. Decouverte d'un crocodilien nouveau dans le Cretace Inferieur du Sahara. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Paris 262: 2326 - 2329." type="journal article" year="1966">DE BROIN & TAQUET, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352FB8AFFEEFFEEED8FFE3F403307DE" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEED8FFE3F41BB0738" blockId="5.[146,761,474,558]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEED8FFE3F403804F9" box="[146,361,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Referred material:</emphasis>
|
||
A single broken osteoderm from the right side of the dorsal dermal shield (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED5930C4FFEEFFEEEFB9FE1C43A80718" box="[676,761,505,526]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
R3224).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEED8FFDB2403307DE" blockId="5.[146,762,598,712]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEED8FFDB240E3077A" box="[146,434,598,620]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">H o r i z o n a n d l o c a l i t y:</emphasis>
|
||
S e t ú b a l l o c a l i t y, L o w e r Cretaceous Recôncavo Basin,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498C66E3FFEEFFEEECFEFD904376079D" box="[483,551,629,651]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
Supergroup, Ilhas Group (Late Hauterivian–Early Barremian) with no more refinements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352FB8AFFEEFFEEEC5EFCE04319060A" box="[323,584,773,798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEC5EFCE04319060A" blockId="5.[323,584,773,798]" box="[323,584,773,798]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">TAXONOMIC DECISIONS</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352FB8AFFEEFFEEED8FFCC842F801A6" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEED8FFCC8406A020E" blockId="5.[146,763,813,1878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
There is a common error in the literature about the type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEC76FCA943180677" authorityName="YPM" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[363,585,844,865]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEC76FCA943180677" box="[363,585,844,865]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some authors treat the specimen BMNH R3423 described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEF86FC8E40210689" author="Mawson J & Woodward AS" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="128 - 139" refId="ref22020" refString="Mawson J, Woodward AS. 1907. On the Cretaceous formation of Bahia (Brazil) and on vertebrate fossils collected therein. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London 63: 128 - 139." type="journal article" year="1907">Mawson & Woodward (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFEEFFEEECDCFC6C43730689" box="[449,546,905,927]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEED8FFC4D40D806AB" author="Andrade MB & Edmonds R & Benton MJ & Schouten R" box="[146,393,936,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="108" refId="ref20104" refString="Andrade MB, Edmonds R, Benton MJ, Schouten R. 2011. A new Berriasian species of Goniopholis (Mesoeucrocodylia, Neosuchia) from England, and a review of the genus. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: S 66 - S 108." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Andrade
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEC1EFC4D401106AB" box="[259,320,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEECFBFC4D43A806A8" author="Norell MA & Storrs GW" box="[486,761,936,958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref22114" refString="Norell MA, Storrs GW. 1989. Catalogue and review of the type fossil crocodilians in the Yale Peabody Museum. Postilla 203: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Norell & Storrs (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated the specimen YPM 516 as its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFEEFFEEEF90FC2343A406CA" box="[653,757,966,988]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which is a single tooth said to be originally studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEDA5FBE1400D010C" author="Marsh OC" box="[184,348,1028,1050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="390 - 392" refId="ref21920" refString="Marsh OC. 1869. Notice of some new reptilian remains from the Cretaceous of Brazil. American Journal of Science 47: 390 - 392." type="journal article" year="1869">Marsh (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However, those assignments are not in agreement with the rules of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEF7CFBC643A2012F" author="ICZN" box="[609,755,1059,1081]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" refId="ref21392" refString="ICZN. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. In
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEDABFBA4403C0141" author="Marsh OC" box="[182,365,1089,1111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="390 - 392" refId="ref21920" refString="Marsh OC. 1869. Notice of some new reptilian remains from the Cretaceous of Brazil. American Journal of Science 47: 390 - 392." type="journal article" year="1869">Marsh’s (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original description, he did not designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFEEFFEEEC3DFB8540D40160" box="[288,389,1120,1142]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, nor did he provide the identity of the teeth he studied. He only mentioned the teeth illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEC2CFB78408101A5" author="Allport S" box="[305,464,1181,1203]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="263 - 268" refId="ref20072" refString="Allport S. 1860. On the discovery of some fossil remains near Bahia in South America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 263 - 268." type="journal article" year="1860">Allport (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the teeth collected by Hartt. Therefore, the three teeth from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEF20FB59438301C4" author="Allport S" box="[573,722,1212,1234]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="263 - 268" refId="ref20072" refString="Allport S. 1860. On the discovery of some fossil remains near Bahia in South America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 263 - 268." type="journal article" year="1860">Allport (1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. XVI, figs 1–3, 5) plus the teeth collected by Hartt, must be treated as part of the type series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEF7BFB1C4186003B" authorityName="YPM" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEF7BFB1C4186003B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is the case even with those teeth being lost at the present time, as recommended in articles 72.1.1 and 72.4 of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEECB0FAB04314007D" author="ICZN" box="[429,581,1365,1387]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" refId="ref21392" refString="ICZN. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Based on the articles 72.2 and 74 of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEECCEFA914336009C" author="ICZN" box="[467,615,1396,1418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" refId="ref21392" refString="ICZN. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we propose that the specimen YPM 516 should not be treated as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFEEFFEEEDA3FA54407000D1" box="[190,289,1457,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but as a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFEEFFEEEC8DFA5440A600D1" box="[400,503,1457,1479]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEF06FA5443A500D0" authorityName="YPM" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[539,756,1457,1478]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEF06FA5443A500D0" box="[539,756,1457,1478]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This is justified, because the specimen belongs to the type series of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEC7AFA0B43560312" author="Marsh OC" box="[359,519,1518,1540]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="390 - 392" refId="ref21920" refString="Marsh OC. 1869. Notice of some new reptilian remains from the Cretaceous of Brazil. American Journal of Science 47: 390 - 392." type="journal article" year="1869">Marsh (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and was designated as type material by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEC63F9E843D70335" author="Norell MA & Storrs GW" box="[382,646,1549,1571]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 28" refId="ref22114" refString="Norell MA, Storrs GW. 1989. Catalogue and review of the type fossil crocodilians in the Yale Peabody Museum. Postilla 203: 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1989">Norell & Storrs (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Also, the remaining specimens of the type series (e.g. Allport’s specimens) must be treated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFEEFFEEEF1FF9AF43FF0376" box="[514,686,1610,1632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
based on articles 72.1.3 and 74.1.3 of the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEF32F98C43910369" author="ICZN" box="[559,704,1641,1663]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" refId="ref21392" refString="ICZN. 1999. International code of zoological nomenclature, 4 th edn. London: The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature." type="book" year="1999">ICZN (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The referral of the specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEF65F96D400F03AA" author="Mawson J & Woodward AS" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="128 - 139" refId="ref22020" refString="Mawson J, Woodward AS. 1907. On the Cretaceous formation of Bahia (Brazil) and on vertebrate fossils collected therein. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London 63: 128 - 139." type="journal article" year="1907">Mawson & Woodward (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEC98F943433403AD" authorityName="YPM" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[389,613,1702,1723]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEC98F943433403AD" box="[389,613,1702,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were latter discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEC6CF92043F103CD" author="Buffetaut E & Taquet P" box="[369,672,1733,1755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="203 - 208" refId="ref20787" refString="Buffetaut E, Taquet P. 1977. The giant crocodilian Sarcosuchus in the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Niger. Palaentology 20: 203 - 208." type="journal article" year="1977">Buffetaut & Taquet (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, should be regarded with caution, being recognized as referred materials only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEDB7F8C4429A0462" blockId="5.[146,763,813,1878]" lastBlockId="5.[810,1427,197,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
The large tooth BMNH R2983 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEEFFEEEF11F8C4432B0220" box="[524,634,1825,1847]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEDA8F8A543550240" author="Mawson J & Woodward AS" box="[181,516,1856,1878]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="128 - 139" refId="ref22020" refString="Mawson J, Woodward AS. 1907. On the Cretaceous formation of Bahia (Brazil) and on vertebrate fossils collected therein. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London 63: 128 - 139." type="journal article" year="1907">Mawson & Woodward (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, was also referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEE37FF20455D05CC" authorityName="YPM" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[810,1036,197,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEE37FF20455D05CC" box="[810,1036,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, this material has lost all the enamel and, therefore, cannot be properly assignated to this species due to the absence of autapomorphic features; but, based on the overall morphology, this specimen can be considered a crocodyliform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEE5FFE9844C20614" blockId="5.[810,1427,197,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
The discovery of the mandible (BMNH R3423) with
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEE37FE79422904A7" box="[810,888,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
teeth presenting ‘delicate wrinkled surface’ suggests that the teeth from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498C66E3FFEEFFEEE960FE5F445904D9" box="[1149,1288,442,464]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Bahia State</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Recôncavo Basin) belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEEF6FE3C459504F8" authorityName="YPM" baseAuthorityName="Marsh" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[1003,1220,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEEF6FE3C459504F8" box="[1003,1220,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Even though the specimen BMNH R3224 (an osteoderm) came from the same locality as the mandible (BMNH R3423),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEE82EFDF2454F075D" author="Mawson J & Woodward AS" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="128 - 139" refId="ref22020" refString="Mawson J, Woodward AS. 1907. On the Cretaceous formation of Bahia (Brazil) and on vertebrate fossils collected therein. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London 63: 128 - 139." type="journal article" year="1907">Mawson & Woodward (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
gave no detailed taphonomic information about this specimen, thus the assignment of the osteoderm to the same species of the other material from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498C66E3FFEEFFEEEEC4FD74457107B1" box="[985,1056,657,679]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Bahia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(both the mandible and teeth) is hampered. Therefore, based on the morphological features properly described below, the specimen BMNH R3224 can only be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEE9C0FD0844C20614" authority="sp." authorityName="SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET" authorityYear="1966" box="[1245,1427,749,770]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEE9C0FD08443A0614" box="[1245,1387,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEE5FFCEE42F801A6" blockId="5.[810,1427,197,1200]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
The final Brazilian material referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEE81EFCEE44C00636" authorityName="SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET" authorityYear="1966" box="[1283,1425,779,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEE81EFCEE44C00636" box="[1283,1425,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a procoelous centrum of a dorsal vertebra collected and classified by Owen, which described the reptilian material in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEEABFC82450D066B" author="Allport S" box="[950,1116,871,893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="263 - 268" refId="ref20072" refString="Allport S. 1860. On the discovery of some fossil remains near Bahia in South America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 263 - 268." type="journal article" year="1860">Allport (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as a ‘dinosaurian reptile’ with affinities to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEEEF3FC6345DC068D" box="[1006,1165,902,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" genus="Megalosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEEF3FC6345DC068D" box="[1006,1165,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Megalosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEE986FC62422006AD" author="Mawson J & Woodward AS" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="128 - 139" refId="ref22020" refString="Mawson J, Woodward AS. 1907. On the Cretaceous formation of Bahia (Brazil) and on vertebrate fossils collected therein. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London 63: 128 - 139." type="journal article" year="1907">Mawson & Woodward (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described this material as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEE989FC40441D06AD" box="[1172,1356,933,955]" class="Reptilia" family="Megalosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Megalosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later it was referred to a ‘carnosaur’ dinosaur by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEE83EFC2642B606EE" author="Buffetaut E & Taquet P" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="203 - 208" refId="ref20787" refString="Buffetaut E, Taquet P. 1977. The giant crocodilian Sarcosuchus in the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Niger. Palaentology 20: 203 - 208." type="journal article" year="1977">Buffetaut & Taquet (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. More recent works suggested, first, that this vertebra could belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEEFFEEE9ABFBE445080123" authority="(Campos & Kellner, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEE9ABFBE444C30100" box="[1206,1426,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEE2FFBC545010123" author="Campos DA & Kellner AWA" box="[818,1104,1055,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="372 - 375" refId="ref20815" refString="Campos DA, Kellner AWA. 1991. Dinosaurs of the Santana Formation with comments on other Brazilian occurrences. In: Maisey JG, ed. Santana fossils. An illustrated guide. New York: T. F. H. Publications, 372 - 375." type="book chapter" year="1991">Campos & Kellner, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and was further assigned as an indeterminate crocodyliform (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEE9A1FBDB42330164" author="Kellner AWA & Campos DA" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="509 - 538" refId="ref21694" refString="Kellner AWA, Campos DA. 2000. Brief review of dinosaur studies and perspectives in Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 72: 509 - 538." type="journal article" year="2000">Kellner & Campos, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unfortunately, this specimen is lost and it is, therefore, not certain which crocodyliform species it represents.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C352FB8AFFEEFFE4EEEFFB0240A50267" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEEEFFB02459801E9" blockId="5.[1010,1225,1255,1280]" box="[1010,1225,1255,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">FULL DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C7B1EAFFEEFFECEE37FAF542BA077F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEE37FAF542CC0031" blockId="5.[810,925,1296,1319]" box="[810,925,1296,1319]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEE37FAF542CC0031" box="[810,925,1296,1319]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEEEE37FADD42A20332" blockId="5.[810,1426,1336,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
The teeth illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEE972FADD444A0058" author="Allport S" box="[1135,1307,1336,1358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="263 - 268" refId="ref20072" refString="Allport S. 1860. On the discovery of some fossil remains near Bahia in South America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 263 - 268." type="journal article" year="1860">Allport (1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. XVI, figs 1–3, 5) are described as having a ‘delicate wrinkled surface’ (not the same used for Theropoda teeth, see:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEE37FA71457800BF" author="Brusatte SL & Benson RBJ & Carr TD & Williamson TE & Sereno PC" box="[810,1065,1428,1449]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="1052 - 1056" refId="ref20436" refString="Brusatte SL, Benson RBJ, Carr TD, Williamson TE, Sereno PC. 2007. The systematic utility of theropod enamel wrinkles. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 1052 - 1056." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Brusatte
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEEFFEEEE82FA71428C00BF" box="[927,989,1428,1449]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEE95EFA7145B900BC" author="Marsh OC" box="[1091,1256,1428,1450]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="390 - 392" refId="ref21920" refString="Marsh OC. 1869. Notice of some new reptilian remains from the Cretaceous of Brazil. American Journal of Science 47: 390 - 392." type="journal article" year="1869">Marsh (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
complements that description, stating that they show cutting edges and refines
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEEFFEEEEABFA34453A00F1" author="Allport S" box="[950,1131,1489,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" pagination="263 - 268" refId="ref20072" refString="Allport S. 1860. On the discovery of some fossil remains near Bahia in South America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 263 - 268." type="journal article" year="1860">Allport’s (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
definition of wrinkles as a peculiar striate pattern that was not seen in other specimens before.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEEFFEDEE5FF9CB40C40302" blockId="5.[810,1426,1336,1879]" lastBlockId="6.[162,778,1320,1894]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">
|
||
YPM 516 is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFEEFFEEEECCF9C845700355" box="[977,1057,1581,1603]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height with the crown alone comprising
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFEEFFEEEEAEF9A945550377" box="[947,1028,1612,1634]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="557" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEEFFEEE908F9A945390377" box="[1045,1128,1612,1634]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only a small portion of the root is preserved. The tooth is almost straight with a very gentle curvature to the lingual face. The enamel presents many delicate longitudinal and oblique lines forming an anastomosing surface along the entire crown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEEFFEEEE9EF900428903EC" box="[899,984,1765,1787]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,225,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[376,1201,1064,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-496@7.[368,1203,1062,1771]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth in detail. The enamel structures are shown in the red boxes. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. C, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. D, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719168/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior and posterior carinae are composed of well-marked longitudinal ridges with smooth crenulations on them (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEEFFEEE998F8C7458D022E" box="[1157,1244,1826,1848]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEEFFEEE9F4F8C64458022E" box="[1257,1289,1827,1848]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,225,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[376,1201,1064,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-496@7.[368,1203,1062,1771]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth in detail. The enamel structures are shown in the red boxes. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. C, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. D, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719168/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="557">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, this tooth can be described as false-ziphodont in morphology (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEDFFEDEC5EFACC40D70028" box="[323,390,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEDFFEDEC8DFACD4392002B" author="Prasad GVR & de Broin FL" box="[400,707,1320,1342]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" pagination="19 - 71" refId="ref22340" refString="Prasad GVR, de Broin FL. 2002. Late Cretaceous crocodile remains from Naskal (India): comparisons and biogeographic affinities. Annales de Paleontologie 88: 19 - 71." type="journal article" year="2002">Prasad & de Broin, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The carinae do not touch the basal margin of the tooth, presenting a progressive growing until the apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEDFFEDEDB6FA614053008F" box="[171,258,1412,1434]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tooth is subcircular in cross-section. Based on the general morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEDFFEDEF6CFA47400700C1" authority=", YPM" authorityName="YPM" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imperator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEDFFEDEF6CFA47404300C1" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">Sarcosuchus imperator</emphasis>
|
||
, YPM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
516 is probably a ‘caniniform’ anterior tooth (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEDFFEDEDF6FA05407B00E3" box="[235,298,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
D’ Amore
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEDFFEDEC83FA05408500E3" box="[414,468,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019) in having a straight, tall and sharp crown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF37F889FFEDFFEDEDBEFB57446C0015" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" startId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" targetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEDFFEDEDBEFB57446C0015" blockId="6.[162,1441,1202,1283]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEDFFEDEDBEFB57405A01D1" bold="true" box="[163,267,1202,1224]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFEDFFEDEC08FB57408A01DE" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[277,475,1202,1224]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFEDFFEDEC08FB57408A01DE" box="[277,475,1202,1224]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEDFFEDEDA7F9FB444403FC" blockId="6.[162,778,1320,1894]" lastBlockId="6.[826,1442,1320,1894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">
|
||
Here we present a more refined description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFEDFFEDEDBFF9D940080344" box="[162,345,1596,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEDFFEDECC0F9D943C60344" author="Allport S" box="[477,663,1596,1618]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" pagination="263 - 268" refId="ref20072" refString="Allport S. 1860. On the discovery of some fossil remains near Bahia in South America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 263 - 268." type="journal article" year="1860">Allport’s (1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. XVI, figs 1–3, 5) illustrations. The teeth illustrated in Allport’s figures 1, 2, 3 and 5, are referred to here as teeth one, two, three and four, respectively. Tooth one presents most of the characteristics described for YPM 516. It differs only in the longitudinal ridge on the carinae, which goes all the way long from the base to the apex of tooth one. Tooth two is apicobasally short, being smaller and stouter in comparison with YPM 516 and tooth one. The enamel is badly preserved, being restricted to the extreme convex apex. The labial face is slightly curved lingually, while the lingual face is straight. The enamel anastomosing surface is inferred based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEDFFEDE931FA6145B3008C" author="Allport S" box="[1068,1250,1412,1434]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" pagination="263 - 268" refId="ref20072" refString="Allport S. 1860. On the discovery of some fossil remains near Bahia in South America. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 16: 263 - 268." type="journal article" year="1860">Allport’s (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
classification of teeth morphotypes. Tooth three has a well-preserved anastomosing enamel surface. Like tooth two, it is also apicobasally short, but tooth three differs from tooth four in having a more acute apex, the result of the stronger curvature on the lingual surface. Tooth four slightly resembles YPM 516 and tooth one, but it differs in being less robust and presenting a sigmoid curvature in the labial face. The illustration just enables us to infer a subcircular cross-section for teeth two, three and four. Also, the longitudinal ridges on the carinae can only be observed in tooth one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFEDFFECEE4FF911418A0649" blockId="6.[826,1442,1320,1894]" lastBlockId="7.[146,763,197,986]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="559" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">
|
||
The two teeth studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEDFFEDE98AF91142D7023E" author="Mawson J & Woodward AS" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" pagination="128 - 139" refId="ref22020" refString="Mawson J, Woodward AS. 1907. On the Cretaceous formation of Bahia (Brazil) and on vertebrate fossils collected therein. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society London 63: 128 - 139." type="journal article" year="1907">Mawson & Woodward (1907)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFEDFFEDEED5F8F74440023E" author="Buffetaut E & Taquet P" box="[968,1297,1810,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" pagination="203 - 208" refId="ref20787" refString="Buffetaut E, Taquet P. 1977. The giant crocodilian Sarcosuchus in the Early Cretaceous of Brazil and Niger. Palaentology 20: 203 - 208." type="journal article" year="1977">Buffetaut & Taquet (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are BMNH R2983 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEDFFEDEE8FF8D445510250" box="[914,1024,1841,1863]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and BMNH R3079 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFEDFFEDE9EFF8D444330250" box="[1266,1378,1841,1863]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="558">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimen BMNH R 2983 is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFEDFFEDE99EF8AA45820273" box="[1155,1235,1871,1893]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, with a straight lingual margin and a slightly curved labial margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECEDEAFF01403B05EF" box="[247,362,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is subcircular in cross-section with a major axis of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFECFFECEC85FEE640BE040E" box="[408,495,259,280]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The enamel is badly preserved and does not show the longitudinal and oblique lines, but some deep, parallel scratches are present on the surface of the tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECEF5DFEBB43E70462" box="[576,694,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The carinae are also not preserved and the apex presents a well-marked wear facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECECFCFE79430D04A7" box="[481,604,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Due to the absence of the diagnostic features, this tooth cannot be assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFECFFECEC58FE3C437604F8" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[325,551,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFECFFECEC58FE3C437604F8" box="[325,551,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. BMNH R3079 is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFECFFECED8FFE1D41B1071B" box="[146,224,504,525]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="88.0">88 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height, with both lingual and labial margins slightly curved lingually (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECECABFDF34377073A" box="[438,550,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). This tooth shows a subcircular cross-section with a major length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFECFFECED8FFDB141B5077F" box="[146,228,596,617]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The enamel is partially preserved, mainly at the apex and on the lingual margin. It presents the characteristic delicate longitudinal striation that forms the anastomosing surface of the tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECEF87FD5543BA07D3" box="[666,747,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,225,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[376,1201,1064,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-496@7.[368,1203,1062,1771]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth in detail. The enamel structures are shown in the red boxes. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. C, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. D, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). This pattern is particularly well-preserved at the tooth apex. The longitudinal ridges on the carinae are preserved on both sides of the apex, being slightly developed. The apex is concave without any wear facets.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFECFFECEDB7FC8D42BA077F" blockId="7.[146,763,197,986]" lastBlockId="7.[810,1427,197,618]" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">
|
||
The specimen MN 7460-V is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFECFFECECFAFC8D4362066B" box="[487,563,872,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
|
||
in height (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECEFB4FC8D41F4068D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The labial margin is slightly convex and the lingual margin is gently concave, thus the apex assumes a more lingual-oriented position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECECA9FC21434A06CF" box="[436,539,964,986]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The enamel shows the characteristic delicate longitudinal and oblique lines that form the anastomosed surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE836FF0144D305EF" box="[1323,1410,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,225,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[376,1201,1064,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-496@7.[368,1203,1062,1771]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth in detail. The enamel structures are shown in the red boxes. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. C, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. D, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tooth apex is concave and the enamel was lost, what could be a wear facet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE99BFEC445AD0420" box="[1158,1276,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The crosssection is circular. Both carinae have well-marked longitudinal ridges, being completely absent next to the base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECEE80FE98455F0484" box="[925,1038,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimen MN 7461-V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE87BFE98423704A7" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
) is shorter in height than the first one, with a total length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFECFFECEEC5FE5F457B04C6" box="[984,1066,442,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Both lingual and labial facets are convex with a more rounded than pointed apex (‘molariform’
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFECFFECEECDFE1D4543071B" box="[976,1042,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
D’ Amore
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFECFFECE985FE1D4584071B" box="[1176,1237,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE82CFE1D4264073A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1202,1224]" captionTargetBox="[164,1443,198,1162]" captionTargetId="figure-376@6.[162,1445,196,1163]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, BMNH R2983, in mesial (?) view. C, BMNH R2983, in distal (?) view. D, BMNH R3079, in mesial (?) view. E, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. F, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. G, MN 7460-V, in apical view. H, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. I, MN 7461-V, in apical view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719166/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 3H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cross-section is circular. The enamel and the carinae have the same characteristics observed in MN 7460-V (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECEE97FDB1428A077F" box="[906,987,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,225,1811,1833]" captionTargetBox="[376,1201,1064,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-496@7.[368,1203,1062,1771]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Sarcosuchus hartti, teeth in detail. The enamel structures are shown in the red boxes. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. C, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. D, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="E2C7B1EAFFECFFE1EE37FD42435C00AD" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="562" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFECFFECEE37FD4242CE07A9" blockId="7.[810,927,679,703]" box="[810,927,679,703]" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFECFFECEE37FD4242CE07A9" box="[810,927,679,703]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Mandible</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFECFFE2EE37FD3540D104A7" blockId="7.[810,1426,720,987]" lastBlockId="9.[146,763,197,771]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="561" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">
|
||
In the anterior portion, specimen BMNH R3423 consists of an incomplete mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE9F8FD0B447E0612" box="[1253,1327,750,772]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE822FD0B441C0612" box="[1343,1357,750,772]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dentary is only preserved bone, but it is possible to observe the region where the splenial would contact it. The maximum preserved length of the mandible is
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFECFFECEE37FC8C42DD0669" box="[810,908,873,895]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" unit="mm" value="430.0">430 mm</quantity>
|
||
, but the total length of the lower jaw could reach at least twice this length. The mandibular symphysis is elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE976FC4345A506AA" box="[1131,1268,934,956]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Figs 5B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE81AFC43441C06AA" box="[1287,1357,934,956]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">6B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and dorsoventrally flattened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE973FC2045A206CC" box="[1134,1267,965,987]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Figs 5A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFECFFECE819FC20441806CC" box="[1284,1353,965,987]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">6A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anteriormost region is spatulated in shape due to the lateral expansion of the dentaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EF52FF0143FD05EC" box="[591,684,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EFA6FF01438D05EC" box="[699,732,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It flares up at the level of the fifth alveolus and reaches its maximum width at the level of the fourth alveolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EDB6FEA540560440" box="[171,263,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EC08FEA540660440" box="[277,311,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In this region, the dorsal surface has a shallow concavity, which is more rugose than the remaining surface of the mandible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EF5CFE9843CB0485" box="[577,666,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EFBAFE9843990485" box="[679,712,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal surface going from the region next to the final portion of the anterior splenial process to the eighth alveolus is rugose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EC95FE3C40B404F9" box="[392,485,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3ECEEFE3C434404F9" box="[499,533,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal surface posterior to the anterior flared region shows a low median sagittal keel, with the syphysis between the dentaries comprising its apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EF1CFDD04308075D" box="[513,601,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EF7BFDD043D7075D" box="[614,646,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are depressions on each side of the sagittal keel, between the midline and the medial alveolar margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EFB7FD9743AA079E" box="[682,763,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is no participation of the splenials in the medial margins of the posterior alveoli that are preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EDB6FD2B405207F2" box="[171,259,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral surface of the dentary has a coarse ornamentation with shallow interconnected grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EC18FCE940040634" box="[261,341,780,802]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the mandible shows a linear ventral margin up to the posterior border of the fourth alveolus and from this point beyond it slopes anterodorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EEEEFF20451A05CD" box="[1011,1099,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E947FF20452B05CD" box="[1114,1146,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The laterodorsal profile of the mandible is double festooned (i.e. two distinct concave regions), the first and deeper concavity is located between the fourth and tenth alveoli, while the second one is shallow and is placed between the 13
|
||
<superScript id="7C3D0549FFE3FFE3E88EFEDA44F3045D" attach="none" box="[1427,1442,319,331]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">th</superScript>
|
||
and the 21
|
||
<superScript id="7C3D0549FFE3FFE3EEACFEBB42EC047C" attach="left" box="[945,957,350,362]" fontSize="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">st</superScript>
|
||
alveoli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E900FEBB45250462" box="[1053,1140,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E99DFEBB45CE0462" box="[1152,1183,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are 22 dentary alveoli on the left side of the mandible and 11 on the right side. The first two pairs of teeth are transversally aligned in the anterior margin of the dentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E858FE5F44CD04C6" box="[1349,1436,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EE27FE3C420A04F9" box="[826,859,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are procumbent and smaller in comparison with all other teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E93FFE1D45290718" box="[1058,1144,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E999FE1D45F40718" box="[1156,1189,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The third and fourth pair of alveoli are similar in size, but the fourth ones are the largest teeth in the dentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E81FFDD04430075D" box="[1282,1377,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E86DFDD044C3075D" box="[1392,1426,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). These teeth are lateroposteriorly tilted relative to the second pair of alveoli, being the third pair more medially than the fourth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E960FD74458D07B1" box="[1149,1244,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E9F6FD74445C07B1" box="[1259,1293,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a diastema between the fourth and fifth alveoli, being the diastema similar in width to the size of the fourth alveoli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EE87FD0842A60615" box="[922,1015,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E918FD0845760615" box="[1029,1063,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). A depressed region is present close to the diastema and probably represents a notch for an enlarged tooth at the premaxilla–maxilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3E86CFCCF420A0649" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE3FFE3EE76FCAC42DC0649" box="[875,909,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Starting from the fifth pair of alveoli, all others are anteroposteriorly aligned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EF46FF2043E805CD" box="[603,697,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EFD5FF2043BB05CD" box="[712,746,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are similar in size, but show different shapes from subcircular to labiolingually elliptic outlines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2ED87FEC441A30421" box="[154,242,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EDE2FEC440710421" box="[255,288,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior series of teeth are packed together, separated by thin bone bars between each alveolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EDE3FEBB40050462" box="[254,340,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EC7DFEBB40D00462" box="[352,385,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only exceptions are the last four sockets, which are confluent and form a dental groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EDF6FE79401204A4" box="[235,323,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Figs 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EC52FE79402104A4" box="[335,368,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-373@9.[304,1264,815,1746]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Sarcosuchus hartti, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF37F889FFECFFECED8FF8F641A80272" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719168/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" startId="7.[146,225,1811,1833]" targetBox="[376,1201,1064,1770]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFECFFECED8FF8F641A80272" blockId="7.[146,1426,1811,1892]" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFECFFECED8FF8F641AA023E" bold="true" box="[146,251,1811,1833]" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFECFFECEC1BF8F1409F023C" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[262,462,1812,1834]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="7" pageNumber="559" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFECFFECEC1BF8F1409F023C" box="[262,462,1812,1834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="559">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, teeth in detail. The enamel structures are shown in the red boxes. A, YPM 516, Lectotype, in mesial view. B, MN 7460-V, in distal (?) view. C, BMNH R3079, in distal (?) view. D, MN 7461-V, in distal (?) view. Scale bar: 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF37F889FFE3FFE3EDBFF8D240DC027C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="560" startId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" targetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE3FFE3EDBFF8D240DC027C" blockId="8.[162,1442,1847,1898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE3FFE3EDBFF8D2405D025A" bold="true" box="[162,268,1847,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE3FFE3EC05F8D240B3025B" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[280,482,1847,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="8" pageNumber="560" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE3FFE3EC05F8D240B3025B" box="[280,482,1847,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="560">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE2FFE2EDB7FE5F44690485" blockId="9.[146,763,197,771]" lastBlockId="9.[810,1427,197,771]" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">
|
||
Specimen BMNH R3423 shows seven complete teeth preserved
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE2FFE2EC16FE3F400704F9" box="[267,342,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EC7BFE3C408B04F9" box="[358,474,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Fig. 5A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), all of them present the autapomorphic ornamentation of the enamel, allowing us to assign this material to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE2FFE2ECC9FDF343FA073D" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[468,683,534,555]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE2FFE2ECC9FDF343FA073D" box="[468,683,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is one ‘caniniform’ tooth partially erupted on the third alveolus of the right dentary, which is similar in morphology to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54F316A3FFE2FFE2EC72FD974089079E" box="[367,472,626,648]" pageId="9" pageNumber="561" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen YPM 516. The remaining teeth are on the left side of the dentary from the 12
|
||
<superScript id="7C3D0549FFE2FFE2EC09FD4A407307AD" attach="left" box="[276,290,687,699]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">th</superScript>
|
||
to the 17
|
||
<superScript id="7C3D0549FFE2FFE2EC91FD4A40CB07AD" attach="none" box="[396,410,687,699]" fontSize="5" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">th</superScript>
|
||
, and the morphology exhibited by them is like those observed in MN 7460-V and MN 7461-V. Therefore, the dentition has a heterodont pattern, with at least the third teeth being a tall caniniform, while the posterior ones are blunter and shorter. The mandible shows occlusion marks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2E878FEE7421A0421" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[162,242,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[325,1279,900,1805]" captionTargetId="figure-484@8.[322,1282,898,1808]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Sarcosuchus hartti, mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719170" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719170/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the anterior ones visible in lateral view and the posterior ones in dorsal view, near the lateral margins of the alveoli. The distribution pattern of those toothmarks indicates overbite occlusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE2FFE1EE5FFE79435C00AD" blockId="9.[810,1427,197,771]" lastBlockId="10.[162,779,802,1468]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="562" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">
|
||
The new specimen MN 7459-V consists of a fragment of the right ramus of the mandibular symphysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EE2EFE3C422D04F9" box="[819,892,473,495]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are 14 preserved alveoli and two associated teeth (specimens MN 7460-V and MN 7461- V). The alveoli are similar in size with two different outlines: subcircular and labiolingually elliptical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2EE2FFDB142D4077F" box="[818,901,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interalveolar space is smaller than the anteroposterior length of the alveoli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2E9FEFD974466079E" box="[1251,1335,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There are several tooth marks in the interalveolar spaces posterior to the seventh alveolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE2FFE2E9A2FD55444507D3" box="[1215,1300,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The first two marks are placed near the lateral margin of the alveoli and the posterior ones are displaced medially in relation with each other. The last toothmark is preserved near the medial margin of the bone, immediately posterior to the last preserved alveolus. There are also some small aligned foramina close to the medial margin of the alveoli (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EF77FC78439306A4" box="[618,706,925,947]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ornamentation in the ventral surface is more tenuous and with more sparse pits than that observed in BMNH R3423 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EC4CFC1C40910118" box="[337,448,1017,1039]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view, it is possible to see the sutural region between the splenial and the dentary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EC0DFBD34037015D" box="[272,358,1078,1100]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Also, it is possible to observe the dentary–dentary symphysis in medial view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EFB0FBB04250017C" box="[685,769,1109,1131]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the dentary–splenial contact posteriorly, with a concavity between the dorsal and ventral articular regions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EC18FB54400901D0" box="[261,344,1201,1223]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior portion of the dentary flares laterally to receive the anterior process of the splenial that wedges anteriorly to the level of the sixth alveolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EC4FFAE840F40034" box="[338,421,1293,1315]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A low median sagittal keel is observed in the mid-palatal region of the mandible, where the dentaries contact each other (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EFBCFAAF43AB0049" box="[673,762,1354,1376]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Located between this keel and the medial alveolar margin there is a rugs area that ends near the anterior process of the splenial (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1ECB0FA4340AC00AD" box="[429,509,1446,1468]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[162,242,635,657]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" captionTargetId="figure-673@10.[320,1284,195,595]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Sarcosuchus hartti, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF37F889FFE2FFE2ED92F91C43D0027E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719174" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719174" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719174/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="561" startId="9.[143,222,1785,1807]" targetBox="[307,1261,817,1743]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE2FFE2ED92F91C43D0027E" blockId="9.[142,1426,1785,1896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE2FFE2ED92F91C41A90219" bold="true" box="[143,248,1785,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE2FFE2EC1FF91F409B0206" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[258,458,1786,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="561" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE2FFE2EC1FF91F409B0206" box="[258,458,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="561">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, schematic drawing of the mandible (BMNH R 3423). A, left lateral view. B, ventral view. C, anterior view. D, dorsal view. Abbreviations: 1st, first dentary alveolus; 4th, fourth dentary alveolus; pte, preserved teeth; 11th, eleventh dentary alveolus; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveolus; 22nd, twenty-second dentary alveolus; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF37F889FFE1FFE1EDBFFD9E42E407FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719176" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719176" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719176/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" startId="10.[162,242,635,657]" targetBox="[322,1282,197,594]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE1FFE1EDBFFD9E42E407FF" blockId="10.[162,1443,635,745]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE1FFE1EDBFFD9E405C0786" bold="true" box="[162,269,635,657]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE1FFE1EC04FD9E40B50787" baseAuthorityName="Campos & Kellner" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[281,484,635,657]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hartti">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE1FFE1EC04FD9E40B50787" box="[281,484,635,657]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Sarcosuchus hartti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right hemimandible (MN 7459-V). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, medial view. D, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 7th, seventh dentary alveoli; 16th, sixteenth dentary alveoli; 20th, twentieth dentary alveoli; d-spl, suture between dentary and splenial; d-d, suture between dentary bones; Mc, Meckel’s Canal; dp, dentary pits of the ventral ornamentation; op, occlusion pits; gr, groove region. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE1FFE1EDBFFA1240740319" blockId="10.[162,293,1527,1551]" box="[162,293,1527,1551]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE1FFE1EDBFFA1240740319" box="[162,293,1527,1551]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Osteoderm</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE1FFE1EDBFF9FA44C90057" blockId="10.[162,779,1567,1896]" lastBlockId="10.[826,1442,802,1345]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
The specimen BMNH R3224 is a partially preserved osteoderm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EC37F9DB403A0345" box="[298,363,1598,1620]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is subrectangular in shape and has a straight, smooth and vertical anterior margin for articulation with the anterior osteoderm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EF74F99E43E70386" box="[617,694,1659,1681]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a short and robust anterior process, which is placed at the lateral margin of the osteoderm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EF69F95C439603D8" box="[628,711,1721,1743]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The bony process is smooth on its surface like the anterior and lateral margins and is slightly directed medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EDB6F8F04053023C" box="[171,258,1813,1835]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a low keel separating the large dorsomedial surface of the osteoderm from the smaller lateral region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EC5FF8B740C10271" box="[322,400,1874,1896]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The keel runs obliquely following the orientation of the anterior bony process. The lateral area is convex and follows the same orientation of the anterior process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EEE5FCBA45170662" box="[1016,1094,863,885]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Because of such orientation, it is possible to infer that the posterior margin was wider than the anterior one, giving a trapezoidal shape for the complete osteoderm. The dorsal surface of the osteoderm is ornamented with a great number of large, deep and isolated pits that varies in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1E9A7FC1C445B0118" box="[1210,1290,1017,1039]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral facet is smooth with no muscular scars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1E813FBF24431013A" box="[1294,1376,1047,1069]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The osteoderm is thick in lateral view proportionally to the other surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1E904FBB0453A017C" box="[1049,1131,1109,1131]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The broken region allows the observation of two different kinds of bone tissue; a more compact bone that composes the dorsal, ventral and lateral regions of the osteoderm, and a spongy tissue located in the inner region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1E9D3FB2A447001F2" box="[1230,1313,1231,1253]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="11.[146,224,490,512]" captionTargetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" captionTargetId="figure-746@11.[368,1204,197,451]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 8. Sarcosuchus sp., osteoderm (BMNH R3224).A, dorsal view. B, ventral view.Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on comparisons with the specimen MNN 607 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE1FFE1E80AFB0B42F80034" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="imperator">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE1FFE1E80AFB0B42F80034" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Sarcosuchus imperator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is possible to suggest that this osteoderm would be a more anterior element of the dermal shield.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE1FFE1E935FA9845E20083" blockId="10.[1064,1203,1405,1430]" box="[1064,1203,1405,1430]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">PHYLOGENY</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE1FFE1EE27FA43456E0365" blockId="10.[826,1442,1446,1897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
The phylogenetic analysis resulted in 12 minimumlength trees (see Supporting Information, Supplementary Information X for the graphical representation of those trees), with 1287 steps (CI: 0.327 and RI: 0.610). The topological hypotheses are summarized and presented on the resulting strict consensus tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1373B484FFE1FFE1EEEDF9BB457E0365" box="[1008,1071,1630,1652]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="12.[165,245,1501,1523]" captionTargetBox="[326,1277,198,1457]" captionTargetId="figure-180@12.[325,1285,196,1462]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 9. Consensus cladogram resulted from 12 minimum-length trees with 1287 steps (CI: 0.327 and RI: 0.610). The numbered nodes are the following clades: 1, Neosuchia; 2, Susisuchidae; 3, Eusuchia; 4, Allodaposuchidae; 5, Crocodylia; 6, Coelognathosuchia; 7, Goniopholididae; 8, Tethysuchia; 9, Pholidosauridae; 10, Tethysuchoidea; 11, Dyrosauridae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719182/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE1FFE0EE4FF998430106F1" blockId="10.[826,1442,1446,1897]" lastBlockId="11.[146,762,609,1889]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="563" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">
|
||
The first lineage of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE1FFE1E95EF99845900385" authorityName="BENTON & CLARK" authorityYear="1988" box="[1091,1217,1661,1683]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neosuchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Neosuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, sister to all other species, is the clade uniting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE1FFE1E9BBF97E443B03A6" box="[1190,1386,1691,1712]" class="Reptilia" family="Paralligatoridae" genus="Batrachomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE1FFE1E9BBF97E443B03A6" box="[1190,1386,1691,1712]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Batrachomimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE1FFE1EE27F95F428503D9" box="[826,980,1722,1743]" class="Reptilia" family="Peirosauridae" genus="Fortignathus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neosuchia" pageId="10" pageNumber="562" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE1FFE1EE27F95F428503D9" box="[826,980,1722,1743]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="562">Fortignathus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This relationship is supported by the share of an elongated symphyseal region, which is based on the proportion between length and width (Char. 222: 1 -> 2; i.e. the ancestor species has the condition 1, while the descendent species hereditary acquired the modified condition 2). Its sister-clade is formed by the remaining neosuchian species, and is supported by the following synapomorphies: ornamented region below the dental groove of the dentary (Char. 18: 1 -> 0); anteriormost end of the frontal acute (Char. 98: 0 -> 1); presence of the spina quadratojugalis at the posterior margin of the lower temporal fenestra (Char. 145: 0 -> 1); flat symphyseal region at the dorsal surface of mandible (Char. 221: 1 -> 0); and an aligned occlusion pattern of the premaxilla–dentary (Char. 246: 1 -> 0). Also, in some of the minimum length trees, the lateral margin of the upper temporal bar, postorbital–squamosal, being convex (Char. 128: 1 -> 0) is recovered as a synapomorphy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF37F889FFE0FFE0ED8FFE0F4345072D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719178" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719178" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719178/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" startId="11.[146,224,490,512]" targetBox="[373,1204,199,449]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE0FFE0ED8FFE0F4345072D" blockId="11.[146,1426,490,571]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0ED8FFE0F41A80716" bold="true" box="[146,249,490,512]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EC19FE0E40FA0717" authority="sp." authorityName="SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET" authorityYear="1966" box="[260,427,491,513]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EC19FE0E40D60717" box="[260,391,491,513]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Sarcosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, osteoderm (BMNH R3224). A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. Abbreviations: art, articular facet; ap, anterior projection; op, ornamentation pit; vcb, ventral compact bone tissue; meb, medial spongiest bone tissue; dcb, dorsal compact bone tissue. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE0FFE0EDB7FC154375004E" blockId="11.[146,762,609,1889]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">
|
||
The clade ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EC29FC15409D0110" box="[308,460,1008,1030]" class="Reptilia" family="Susisuchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neosuchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Susisuchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Eusuchia) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EF72FC1543AB0113" box="[623,762,1008,1029]" class="Reptilia" family="Paralligatoridae" genus="Rugosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EF72FC1543AB0113" box="[623,762,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Rugosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EDBFFBEA40B50132" authority="(Theriosuchus))" baseAuthorityName="Theriosuchus" box="[162,484,1039,1060]" class="Reptilia" family="Bernissartiidae" genus="Bernissartia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EDBFFBEA407E0132" box="[162,303,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Bernissartia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EC21FBEA40820132" box="[316,467,1039,1060]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Theriosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Coelognathosuchia))) is supported by the following synapomorphies: external nares opens dorsally (Char. 40: 0 -> 3); double festooning at the lateroventral margin of the maxilla (Char. 64: 2 -> 3); the quadrate condyles are at the same level as the occipital condyle (Char. 155: 0 -> 1); rounded choana (Char. 187: 3 -> 1); laminar neural spines at the posterior series of cervical vertebrae (Char. 318: 1 -> 0); and absence of a rounded fossa between the base of the neural spine and the postzygapophyses in dorsal vertebrae (Char. 325: 1 -> 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE0FFE0EDB7FA85456407C5" blockId="11.[146,762,609,1889]" lastBlockId="11.[810,1427,609,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">
|
||
The clade composed by (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0ECA6FA8543030060" box="[443,594,1376,1398]" class="Reptilia" family="Susisuchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neosuchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Susisuchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Eusuchia) is supported by the following synapomorphies: absence of a perinarial fossa in the premaxilla (Char. 49: 1-> 0); absence of a notch in the lateral surface of premaxilla– maxilla contact (Char. 59: 1 -> 0); premaxilla–maxilla contact with sinusoid orientation at the palatal surface (Char. 61: 0 -> 1); a narrow rectangular frontal (Char. 97: 01 -> 2); a subequal proportion between anteroposterior and lateromedial axes of choana (Char. 188: 0 -> 1); anterior margin of choana posterior to the suborbital fenestrae (Char. 192: 1 -> 2); choana completely enclosed within the pterygoid (Char. 208: 12 -> 3); the proximal end of the scapular blade is wider than the distal end (Char. 291: 1 -> 0); presence of a notch at the dorsal margin of the iliac blade (Char. 307: 0 -> 1); procoelous centra in cervical vertebrae (Char. 320: 0 -> 1); biconvex articulation in the first caudal vertebrae (Char. 333: 0 -> 1); procoelous centra in caudal vertebrae (Char. 334: 0 -> 1); and the cervical osteoderms differs morphologically from the dorsal ones (Char. 346: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE0FFE0EE5FFD3944C206DF" blockId="11.[810,1427,609,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">
|
||
The sister-group of (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0E927FD39458807E4" box="[1082,1241,732,754]" class="Reptilia" family="Susisuchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neosuchia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Susisuchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+ Eusuchia) is the clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EEBEFD1E457F0606" box="[931,1070,763,784]" class="Reptilia" family="Paralligatoridae" genus="Rugosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EEBEFD1E457F0606" box="[931,1070,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Rugosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0E95BFD1E457D0639" authority="(Theriosuchus)) (Coelognathosuchia))" baseAuthorityName="Theriosuchus" class="Reptilia" family="Bernissartiidae" genus="Bernissartia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E95BFD1E45870606" box="[1094,1238,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Bernissartia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E9FAFD1E44D00606" box="[1255,1409,763,784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Theriosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
)) (Coelognathosuchia))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is supported by three synapomorphies: absence of occipital exposition of the cranioquadrate passage (Char. 122: 0 -> 1); absence of supraoccipital exposure at the skull roof (Char. 162: 1 -> 0); and choana anteriorly positioned in relation to the anterior margin of the pterygoid (Char. 193: 1 -> 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE0FFE0EE5FFC3445380276" blockId="11.[810,1427,609,1888]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">
|
||
A shared recent ancestrality between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0E9F8FC37443206F1" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1846" box="[1253,1379,978,999]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Tomistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E9F8FC37443206F1" box="[1253,1379,978,999]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Tomistoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EE37FC1542DC0113" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[810,909,1008,1029]" class="Reptilia" family="Gavialidae" genus="Gavialis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EE37FC1542DC0113" box="[810,909,1008,1029]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Gavialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not supported here by any unambiguous character transformation. The phylogenetic position of true-gharials (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EED3FBC8457F0154" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[974,1070,1069,1090]" class="Reptilia" family="Gavialidae" genus="Gavialis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EED3FBC8457F0154" box="[974,1070,1069,1090]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Gavialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and false-gharial (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0E811FBCB44DB0155" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1846" box="[1292,1418,1070,1091]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Tomistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E811FBCB44DB0155" box="[1292,1418,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Tomistoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have been a subject of continuous scientific debate for almost forty years, and it is now a classic case of phylogenetic conflict in the literature (Buffetaut, 1982, 1985; Norell 1989;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0E948FB4D45BD01AB" author="Brochu CA" box="[1109,1260,1192,1214]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="479 - 522" refId="ref20381" refString="Brochu CA. 1997. Morphology, fossils, divergence timing, and the phylogenetic relationships of Gavialis. Systematic Biology 46: 479 - 522." type="journal article" year="1997">Brochu 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0E9E6FB4D423201CA" author="Gatesy J & Amato G & Norell M & Desalle R & Hayashi C" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="403 - 422" refId="ref21066" refString="Gatesy J, Amato G, Norell M, Desalle R, Hayashi C. 2003. Combined support for wholesale taxic atavism in gavialine crocodylians. Systematic Biology 52: 403 - 422." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Gatesy
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E84BFB4C44C301AB" box="[1366,1426,1192,1214]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0EE6FFB23456901CA" author="Piras P & Colangelo P & Adams DC & Buscalioni A & Cubo J & Kotsakis T & Meloro C & Raia P" box="[882,1080,1222,1244]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="568 - 579" refId="ref22184" refString="Piras P, Colangelo P, Adams DC, Buscalioni A, Cubo J, Kotsakis T, Meloro C, Raia P. 2010. The Gavialis - Tomistoma debate: the contribution of skull ontogenetic allometry and growth trajectories to the study of crocodylian relationships. Evolution and Development 12: 568 - 579." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Piras
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EEA7FB2242A701CD" box="[954,1014,1222,1244]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Iijima &, Kobayashi, 2019). Usually molecular analyses consider both lineages as sister taxa diverging each other during Eocene or mid-Miocene, whereas morphology-based analyses set
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EE37FAA442DB0040" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[810,906,1345,1366]" class="Reptilia" family="Gavialidae" genus="Gavialis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EE37FAA442DB0040" box="[810,906,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Gavialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0E909FAA745C30041" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1846" box="[1044,1170,1346,1367]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Tomistoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E909FAA745C30041" box="[1044,1170,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Tomistoma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other crocodylian species, and the stratigraphic data imply that the split of the Gavialoidea lineage occurred by the Late Cretaceous. The oldest gavialoid remains are from Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene deposits of North America, Europe and Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0E988FA3E44D300E6" author="Hua S & Jouve S" box="[1173,1410,1499,1520]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="341 - 350" refId="ref21365" refString="Hua S, Jouve S. 2004. A primitive gavialoid from the Paleocene of Morocco. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 341 - 350." type="journal article" year="2004">Hua & Jouve, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Today, the critically endangered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0E9AEFA1C44460318" authorityName="Oppel" authorityYear="1811" box="[1203,1303,1529,1550]" class="Reptilia" family="Gavialidae" genus="Gavialis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E9AEFA1C44460318" box="[1203,1303,1529,1550]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Gavialis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited to the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. However, the zenith of gavialoid diversity is in the South American Miocene (Riff
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E9BFF9B3458E037C" box="[1186,1247,1621,1643]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0E82EF9B042E1039F" author="Scheyer TM & Aguilera OA & Delfino M & Fortier DC & Carlini AA & Sanchez R & Carrillo-Briceno JD & Quiroz L & Sanchez-Villagra MR" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" refId="ref22514" refString="Scheyer TM, Aguilera OA, Delfino M, Fortier DC, Carlini AA, Sanchez R, Carrillo-Briceno JD, Quiroz L, Sanchez-Villagra MR. 2013. Crocodylian diversity peak and extinction in the late Cenozoic of the northern Neotropics. Nature Communications 4: doi: 10.1038 / ncomms 2940." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Scheyer
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EE37F9914236039F" box="[810,871,1652,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0EEDCF99145CE039F" author="Cidade GM & Fortier D & Hsiou AS" box="[961,1183,1652,1674]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="392 - 411" refId="ref20864" refString="Cidade GM, Fortier D, Hsiou AS. 2019. The crocodylomorph fauna of the Cenozoic of South America and its evolutionary history: a review. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 90: 392 - 411." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Cidade
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E902F991450C039F" box="[1055,1117,1652,1673]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Contradicting the results presented here in this respect, previous studies including the morphologically varied South American Neogene gavialoids strongly supported the monophyly of Gavialoidea and its basal-most position within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE0FFE0EE37F8E842F70235" box="[810,934,1805,1827]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Crocodylia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0EEF9F8E845BD0234" author="Brochu CA & Rincon AD" box="[996,1260,1805,1827]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="61 - 80" refId="ref20408" refString="Brochu CA, Rincon AD. 2004. A gavialoid crocodylian from the Lower Miocene of Venezuela. Special Papers in Palaeontology 71: 61 - 80." type="journal article" year="2004">Brochu & Rincón 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0E9E4F8E842F70257" author="Velez-Juarbe J & Brochu CA & Santos H" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="1245 - 1254" refId="ref22940" refString="Velez-Juarbe J, Brochu CA, Santos H. 2007. A gharial from the Oligocene of Puerto Rico: transoceanic dispersal in the history of a non-marine reptile. Proceedings of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences 274: 1245 - 1254." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Vélez-Juarbe
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EE37F8C942340257" box="[810,869,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0EEA8F8C945E20257" author="Riff D & Aguilera OA" box="[949,1203,1836,1858]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="178 - 195" refId="ref22373" refString="Riff D, Aguilera OA. 2008. The world's largest gharials Gryposuchus: Description of G. croizati n. sp. (Crocodylia, Gavialidae) from the Upper Miocene Urumaco Formation, Venezuela. Palaontologische Zeitschrift 82: 178 - 195." type="journal article" year="2008">Riff & Aguilera, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9D5F0FFE0FFE0E9DFF8C944DA0257" author="Bona P & Carabajal AP & Gasparini Z" box="[1218,1419,1836,1857]" pageId="11" pageNumber="563" pagination="235 - 246" refId="ref20326" refString="Bona P, Carabajal AP, Gasparini Z. 2017. Neuroanatomy of Gryposuchus neogaeus (Crocodylia, Gavialoidea): a first integral description of the braincase and endocranial morphological variation in extinct and extant gavialoids. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 106: 235 - 246." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35FE891FFE0FFE0E9DFF8C945AF0257" box="[1218,1278,1836,1857]" name="Algeria" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">Bona</collectingCountry>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0E815F8C9441B0257" box="[1288,1354,1836,1857]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Salas-Gismondi
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE0FFE0EEF8F8AE454C0249" box="[997,1053,1866,1888]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="563">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF37F889FFE7FFE7EDB8FA3844140338" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719182" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5719182" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719182/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" startId="12.[165,245,1501,1523]" targetBox="[326,1277,198,1457]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE7FFE7EDB8FA3844140338" blockId="12.[165,1445,1501,1582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7EDB8FA38404100E5" bold="true" box="[165,272,1501,1523]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Consensus cladogram resulted from 12 minimum-length trees with 1287 steps (CI: 0.327 and RI: 0.610). The numbered nodes are the following clades: 1,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7EF68FA1E43B50307" authorityName="BENTON & CLARK" authorityYear="1988" box="[629,740,1531,1553]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neosuchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Neosuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 2,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7EE1BFA1E42C30307" box="[774,914,1531,1553]" class="Reptilia" family="Susisuchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neosuchia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Susisuchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 3, Eusuchia; 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E926FA1E45A40307" box="[1083,1269,1531,1553]" class="Reptilia" family="Allodaposuchidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Allodaposuchidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 5,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E805FA1E44D80307" box="[1304,1417,1531,1553]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Crocodylia</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 6, Coelognathosuchia; 7,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7EC92F9FD436D0338" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1875" box="[399,572,1560,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Goniopholididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 8,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7EF40F9FD438E0338" authorityName="BUFFETAUT" authorityYear="1982" box="[605,735,1560,1582]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tethysuchia">Tethysuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 9,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7EE1CF9FD42FC0338" baseAuthorityName="von Zittel & Eastman" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[769,941,1560,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Pholidosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 10, Tethysuchoidea; 11,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E9B2F9FD44110338" baseAuthorityName="de Steffano" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1199,1344,1560,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dyrosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE7FFE7EDA7F98744240381" blockId="12.[162,778,1634,1870]" lastBlockId="12.[826,1442,1634,1870]" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
Clade ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7EC5BF98640F10381" authority="(Therioschus)) (Coelognathosuchia))" baseAuthorityName="Therioschus" class="Reptilia" family="Bernissartiidae" genus="Bernissartia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7EC5BF986435A036E" box="[326,523,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Bernissartia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7EF2EF98643BE036E" box="[563,751,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Therioschus</emphasis>
|
||
)) (Coelognathosuchia))
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by: the external nares are anterodorsal oriented (Char. 40: 3 -> 2); the anterior and posterior processes of jugal are subequal (Char. 133: 2 -> 1); triangular choana (Char. 187: 1 -> 2); dentary tooth medially located in relation to the premaxilla–maxilla contact (Char. 282: 0 -> 1); and dorsal osteoderms wider than long (Char. 337: 1 -> 2). In some minimum-length trees, the squamosal posterior processes are parallel (Char. 113: 1 -> 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE7FFE6EE4FF97A40460634" blockId="12.[826,1442,1634,1870]" lastBlockId="13.[146,762,197,1906]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="565" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">
|
||
The clade Coelognathosuchia shows a polytomy of several smaller clades ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E978F95B44C803C5" box="[1125,1433,1726,1747]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="junggarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7E978F95B44C803C5" box="[1125,1433,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Sunosuchus junggarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7EE5EF939456203E7" authorityName="Mook" authorityYear="1967" box="[835,1075,1756,1777]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Eutretauranosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7EE5EF939456203E7" box="[835,1075,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Eutretauranosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E950F93945A503E7" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1101,1268,1756,1777]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7E950F93945A503E7" box="[1101,1268,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E809F93942BB0206" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7E809F93942BB0206" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E919F91E45F50206" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[1028,1188,1787,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Amphicotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7E919F91E45F50206" box="[1028,1188,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Amphicotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE7FFE7E9D9F91E44000206" box="[1220,1361,1787,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Goniopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="564" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE7FFE7E9D9F91E44000206" box="[1220,1361,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="564">Goniopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (node 64)). Coelognathosuchia itself is well supported by the following synapomorphies: nasal does not participate in the borders of the external nares (Char. 76: 0 -> 1); the frontal is wide in the region between the orbits (Char. 95: 0 -> 1); the frontal posterior margin is positioned at the postorbital bar in the skull roof (Char. 103: 1 -> 0); the quadrate posterior ramus are at the same level of the maxillary teeth row (Char. 154: 2 -> 1); elliptic mandibular fenestra (Char. 214: 1 -> 0); the posterior teeth of maxilla–dentary are circular in cross-section (Char. 265: 0 -> 1); dentary alveoli 3 and 4 are close to each other (Char. 277: 0 -> 1); the third dentary alveoli are anterior to the fourth ones (Char. 279: 1 -> 2); and absence of a longitudinal keel at dorsal osteoderms (Char. 340: 0 -> 1). Some of the minimum-length trees present the following features as synapomorphies: presence of a non-ornamented region below the dental groove of dentary (Char. 18: 0 -> 1); lacrimal present a long length in relation to the width (Char. 84: 0 -> 1); robust postorbital bar (Char. 131: 0 -> 1); and robust splenial posterior to the mandibular symphysis (Char. 238: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE6FFE6EDB7FCCF418706EE" blockId="13.[146,762,197,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
The polytomy results from two diverging hypotheses found in the minimum-length trees.The first hypothesis is observed on minimum-length trees 1, 9, 10 and 11 and consists of ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EC47FC634318068D" authorityName="Mook" authorityYear="1967" box="[346,585,902,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Eutretauranosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EC47FC634318068D" box="[346,585,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Eutretauranosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EF47FC6343AB068D" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[602,762,902,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Amphicotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EF47FC6343AB068D" box="[602,762,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Amphicotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EDAEFC40400B06AD" box="[179,346,933,955]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Goniopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EDAEFC40400B06AD" box="[179,346,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Goniopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EC92FC4043AB06AD" box="[399,762,933,955]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="junggarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EC92FC4043AB06AD" box="[399,762,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus junggarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EDBEFC21401906CF" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[163,328,964,985]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EDBEFC21401906CF" box="[163,328,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EC7AFC2143FB06CF" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[359,682,964,985]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EC7AFC2143FB06CF" box="[359,682,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (node 64)))).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE6FFE6EDB7FBE440FF00D2" blockId="13.[146,762,197,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Clade ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EC09FBE443480100" authorityName="Mook" authorityYear="1967" box="[276,537,1025,1046]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Eutretauranosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EC09FBE443480100" box="[276,537,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Eutretauranosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EF32FBE4438F0100" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[559,734,1025,1046]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Amphicotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EF32FBE4438F0100" box="[559,734,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Amphicotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6ED8FFBC540730123" box="[146,290,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Goniopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6ED8FFBC540730123" box="[146,290,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Goniopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) is supported by all minimum lengthtrees by follow features: the anteromedial region of the orbits present a transversal crest (Char. 8: 0 -> 1); there is no ornamentation in the surface below the dental groove (Char. 18: 0 -> 1); the posterior margin of the nasals are between the anterior margins of the orbits (Char. 80: 0 -> 1); the squamosal present an elongated posterior process (Char. 112: 0 -> 1); the temporo-orbital opening does not expose dorsally (Char. 115: 0 -> 1); the mandibular fenestra is horizontal at its anteroposterior axis (Char. 215: 1 -> 0); and the last premaxillary tooth is anteromedial in relation with the first maxillary tooth (Char. 256: 1 -> 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE6FFE6EDB7FA28408C0264" blockId="13.[146,762,197,1906]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EDE7FA2840C400F4" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[250,405,1485,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Amphicotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EDE7FA2840C400F4" box="[250,405,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Amphicotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6ECADFA28436900F4" box="[432,568,1485,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Goniopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6ECADFA28436900F4" box="[432,568,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Goniopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) accounts for the following characters: perinarinal crest present in the premaxilla (Char. 1: 0 -> 1); preorbital crest present in the anterior region of the orbits (Char. 5: 0 -> 1); the postnarial fossa on premaxilla is present (Char. 51: 0 -> 1); the premaxilla has a hatchet-like shape in dorsal view (Char. 55: 0 -> 4); there are paired maxillary depressions at the laterodorsal surface of maxilla (Char. 71: 0 -> 1); the posterior ramus of prefrontal is long reaching the median region of the orbits (Char. 90: 0 -> 1); the frontal is wide (Char. 94: 0 -> 1); the frontal has two unlevelled surfaces (Char. 99: 0 -> 1); and, at the skull table the parietal-squamosal suture is grooved (Char. 108: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE6FFE6EE5FFF2042FE04C6" blockId="13.[810,1427,197,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
The (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE9FFF2045E405CC" box="[898,1205,197,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="junggarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE9FFF2045E405CC" box="[898,1205,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus junggarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6E9CDFF20442805CC" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1232,1401,197,218]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6E9CDFF20442805CC" box="[1232,1401,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE37FF06452005EE" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[810,1137,227,248]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE37FF06452005EE" box="[810,1137,227,248]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (node 64))) lineage has some particular features recovered in all minimum length-trees, which are: small anterior palpebrals (Char. 35: 1 -> 0); the incisive foramen is small (Char. 45: 0 -> 1); premaxilla has a paddle-like shape in dorsal view (Char. 55: 0 -> 3); and there are vascular openings at the dorsolateral surface of posterorbital bar (Char. 126: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE6FFE6EE5FFE3C45810615" blockId="13.[810,1427,197,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
The node ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EEECFE3C45E604F8" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1009,1207,473,494]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EEECFE3C45E604F8" box="[1009,1207,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6E9F1FE3C42B5071A" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6E9F1FE3C42B5071A" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (node 64))) is supported by only one character that is the premaxilla overbiting the mandible in occlusion (Char. 246: 0 -> 1). While (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE2FFDB64285077E" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[818,980,595,616]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE2FFDB64285077E" box="[818,980,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EEECFDB6447C077E" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1009,1325,595,616]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EEECFDB6447C077E" box="[1009,1325,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) has the following synapomorphies: wedge-shaped mandible (Char. 211: 1 -> 0); the anterior region of the symphyseal portion, in lateral view, is acute (Char. 216: 1 -> 0); and the symphyseal region has the anterior width smaller than the posterior (Char. 218: 2 -> 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE6FFE6EE5FFCEE44320336" blockId="13.[810,1427,197,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
The second hypothesis is observed in minimumlength trees 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12, and consists of ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE26FCAC428B0648" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[827,986,841,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Amphicotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE26FCAC428B0648" box="[827,986,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Amphicotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EEE5FCAC45D20648" box="[1016,1155,841,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Goniopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EEE5FCAC45D20648" box="[1016,1155,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Goniopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6E9B8FCAC44C30648" authorityName="Mook" authorityYear="1967" box="[1189,1426,841,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Eutretauranosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6E9B8FCAC44C30648" box="[1189,1426,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Eutretauranosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE28FC8D45C6066B" box="[821,1175,871,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="junggarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE28FC8D45C6066B" box="[821,1175,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus junggarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6E9AEFC8D4423066B" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1203,1394,871,893]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6E9AEFC8D4423066B" box="[1203,1394,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE37FC6345C3068D" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[810,1170,902,923]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE37FC6345C3068D" box="[810,1170,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
))) (node 64))). The (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE2EFC40428606AC" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[819,983,933,954]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Amphicotylus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE2EFC40428606AC" box="[819,983,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Amphicotylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EEE4FC4045D806AC" box="[1017,1161,933,954]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Goniopholis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EEE4FC4045D806AC" box="[1017,1161,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Goniopholis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is well supported by several features in all minimum length-trees, which are: perinarinal crests present in external nares (Char. 1: 0 -> 1); preorbital crest present (Char. 5: 0 -> 1); there is a transversal crest in the anteromedial region to the orbits (Char. 8: 0 -> 1); there is a postnarial fossa (Char. 51: 0 -> 1); there are paired maxillary depressions in the laterodorsal surface of maxilla (Char. 71: 0 -> 1); the prefrontal posterior ramus is long (Char. 90: 0 -> 1); the region between orbits is wide (Char. 94: 0 -> 1); the frontal has two unlevelled surfaces (Char. 99: 0 -> 1); the parietal–squamosal extends over the occipital surface (Char. 108: 0 -> 1); the temporoorbital opening is not exposed dorsally (Char. 115: 0 -> 1); the maxillary teeth row is in the same level of the occipital condyle (Char. 178: 0 -> 1); the last premaxillary tooth is anteromedial located in relation to the first maxillary tooth (Char. 256: 1 -> 2); there is a paradistal rotation of the dentition in relation to the medial sagittal axis (Char. 262: 0 -> 1); and the crown of anterior dentition is bulbous (Char. 270: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE6FFE6EE5FF9CC42260267" blockId="13.[810,1427,197,1905]" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">
|
||
Clade((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE8EF9CC45250328" authorityName="Mook" authorityYear="1967" box="[915,1140,1577,1598]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Eutretauranosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE8EF9CC45250328" box="[915,1140,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Eutretauranosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6E963F9CC44C30328" box="[1150,1426,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchusjunggarensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EE2FF9A24284034A" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[818,981,1607,1628]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EE2FF9A24284034A" box="[818,981,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE6FFE6EEE9F9A24460034A" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[1012,1329,1607,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="13" pageNumber="565" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE6FFE6EEE9F9A24460034A" box="[1012,1329,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="565">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
))) (node 64))) is supported by: the anterior palpebrals are small in size (Char. 35: 1 -> 0); the incisive foramen is small (Char. 45: 0 -> 1); in the lateral surface of the premaxilla– maxilla there is an indentation (Char. 60: 1 -> 0); there is a fossa close to the alveolar margin in the maxilla (Char. 70: 0 -> 1); the premaxilla overbites the dentary (Char. 246: 0 -> 1); and the first two alveoli pairs from mandible are smaller than the third and fourth ones (Char. 278: 2 -> 0).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE5FFE5EDA7FF20409407F3" blockId="14.[162,778,197,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
The clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC4FFF20430805CC" authorityName="Mook" authorityYear="1967" box="[338,601,197,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Eutretauranosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC4FFF20430805CC" box="[338,601,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Eutretauranosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF6DFF20400405EC" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="junggarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF6DFF20400405EC" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus junggarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC6FFF00436505EC" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[370,564,228,250]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC6FFF00436505EC" box="[370,564,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF7BFF0140330401" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF7BFF0140330401" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
))) has the following characters supporting it: there is a single festooning at the lateroventral margin of maxilla (Char. 64: 3 -> 2); the maxilla–prefrontal suture is present (Char. 73: 0 -> 1); and the first pair of dentary alveoli are anterior in relation to alveoli three and four (Char. 275: 0 -> 1). The inner clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC2FFE5F430604C6" box="[306,599,442,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="junggarensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC2FFE5F430604C6" box="[306,599,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus junggarensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF7AFE5F425B04D9" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[615,778,442,463]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF7AFE5F425B04D9" box="[615,778,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EDA4FE3C40AB04F8" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[185,506,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EDA4FE3C40AB04F8" box="[185,506,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) accounts for only one character: that is the surface below the dental groove is ornamented (Char. 18: 1 -> 0). The (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF78FDF3425B073D" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[613,778,534,555]" class="Reptilia" genus="Turanosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF78FDF3425B073D" box="[613,778,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Turanosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EDA4FDD040AA075C" authorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Ingavat" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[185,507,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phuwiangensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EDA4FDD040AA075C" box="[185,507,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus phuwiangensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clade is supported by: wedge-shaped mandible (Char. 211: 1 -> 0); the anterior width of the symphyseal region is smaller in relation to the posterior one (Char. 218: 2 -> 0); and there is a hypertrophied tooth adjacent to premaxilla–maxilla suture (Char. 281: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE5FFE5EDA7FD0B40AD005C" blockId="14.[162,778,197,1906]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
The polytomy ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC85FD0843BA0615" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[408,747,749,771]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shartegensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC85FD0843BA0615" box="[408,747,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus shartegensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EDBFFCE940010637" box="[162,336,780,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Calsoyasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EDBFFCE940010637" box="[162,336,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Calsoyasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC77FCE943150637" authorityName="Young, 1948 Young" authorityYear="1948" box="[362,580,780,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC77FCE943150637" box="[362,580,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus miaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF4BFCE943A30637" box="[598,754,780,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF4BFCE943A30637" box="[598,754,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EDBFFCCF40490629" box="[162,280,810,831]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EDBFFCCF40490629" box="[162,280,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
))) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC5DFCCF409F0656" authorityName="BUFFETAUT" authorityYear="1982" box="[320,462,810,832]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tethysuchia">Tethysuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
)), node
|
||
<quantity id="4CB005E4FFE5FFE5EF35FCCF43330656" box="[552,610,810,832]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" unit="in" value="64.0">64 in</quantity>
|
||
the consensus tree (see Supporting Information, Supplementary Information X), is the result of two competing topological hypotheses present in the minimum-length trees. This polytomy is supported by the following features as synapomorphies: the surface below the dental groove is non-ornamented (Char. 18: 0 -> 1); the posterodorsal process of the premaxilla extends posterior to the third maxillary alveolus (Char. 53: 0 -> 1); there is no spina quadratojugalis in the lower temporal fenestra (Char. 145: 1 -> 0); there are lateral openings to the main Eustachian tube (Char. 159: 0 -> 1); the choana is rectangular (Char. 187: 2 -> 3); the symphyseal region is extremely long (Char. 222: 2 -> 3); the splenial has a long participation in the mandibular symphysis (Char. 237: 1 -> 2); and there are no hypertrophied teeth in the anterior dentition of the maxilla (Char. 257: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE5FFE5EDA7FAB7459D04F9" blockId="14.[162,778,197,1906]" lastBlockId="14.[826,1442,197,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
The first competing hypothesis of the aforementioned polytomy is observed in minimum-length trees 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11 and consists of ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF6BFA7541B900D2" authorityName="Young, 1948 Young" authorityYear="1948" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF6BFA7541B900D2" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus miaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EDE0FA4B40F100D5" box="[253,416,1454,1475]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EDE0FA4B40F100D5" box="[253,416,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5ECDBFA4B431400D5" box="[454,581,1454,1475]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5ECDBFA4B431400D5" box="[454,581,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF6BFA4B406400F4" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shartegensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF6BFA4B406400F4" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus shartegensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC4AFA28435600F4" box="[343,519,1485,1506]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Calsoyasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC4AFA28435600F4" box="[343,519,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Calsoyasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF3DFA2843E500F5" authorityName="BUFFETAUT" authorityYear="1982" box="[544,692,1485,1507]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tethysuchia">Tethysuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
))). The clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EDF1FA0940EF0317" authorityName="Young, 1948 Young" authorityYear="1948" box="[236,446,1516,1537]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EDF1FA0940EF0317" box="[236,446,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus miaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5ECD3FA0943340317" box="[462,613,1516,1537]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5ECD3FA0943340317" box="[462,613,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF9EFA0943A80317" box="[643,761,1516,1537]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF9EFA0943A80317" box="[643,761,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) has the following features to support it: the preorbital bones are elevated laterodorsally (Char. 26: 0 -> 1); the surangular participates in the glenoid fossa (Char. 228: 0 -> 1); and the surangular extends to the posterior region of the retroarticular process (Char. 232: 0 -> 1). The (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC60F941434D03AF" box="[381,540,1700,1721]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC60F941434D03AF" box="[381,540,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF23F94143E803AF" box="[574,697,1700,1721]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF23F94143E803AF" box="[574,697,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clade is supported by two features: the quadrate medial condyle is hypertrophied (Char. 156: 0 -> 1); and supraoccipital exposes on skull roof (Char. 162: 0 -> 1). The clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EC02F8FB436A0225" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[287,571,1822,1843]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shartegensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EC02F8FB436A0225" box="[287,571,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus shartegensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EF44F8FB42500225" box="[601,769,1822,1843]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Calsoyasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EF44F8FB42500225" box="[601,769,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Calsoyasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EDB4F8D840680245" authorityName="BUFFETAUT" authorityYear="1982" box="[169,313,1853,1875]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tethysuchia">Tethysuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) accounts for: the premaxilla does not taper between maxilla and nasal (Char. 52: 1 -> 0); the maximum width of the premaxilla is wider than the maxilla (Char. 54: 0 -> 1); the external auditory meatus is large (Char. 117: 1 -> 0); and the mandible symphyseal region is parallel to the horizontal plane (Char. 217: 0 -> 1). Finally, the clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E80CFEDA429F0465" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shartegensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E80CFEDA429F0465" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus shartegensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EEF2FEBB45CE0465" box="[1007,1183,350,371]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Calsoyasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EEF2FEBB45CE0465" box="[1007,1183,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Calsoyasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is supported by: the narrow platyrostral rostrum (Char. 30: 4 -> 3); the snout has an external antorbital fenestra (Char. 43: 0 -> 1); and, the premaxilla–maxilla suture is sinusoid in palatal surface (Char. 61: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE5FFE5EE4FFE12456F005F" blockId="14.[826,1442,197,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
The second hypothesis is based on the topological relationship observed in the minimum-length trees 2, 4, 8, 10 and 12, which is (((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E966FDD044F3075C" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[1147,1442,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shartegensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E966FDD044F3075C" box="[1147,1442,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus shartegensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE4FFDB64551077E" box="[850,1024,595,616]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Calsoyasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE4FFDB64551077E" box="[850,1024,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Calsoyasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E907FDB645A5077F" authorityName="Young, 1948 Young" authorityYear="1948" box="[1050,1268,595,617]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E907FDB645A5077F" box="[1050,1268,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus miaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E818FDB644F0077E" box="[1285,1441,595,616]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E818FDB644F0077E" box="[1285,1441,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE49FD9742820791" box="[852,979,626,647]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE49FD9742820791" box="[852,979,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
))) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E91EFD9745CE079E" authorityName="BUFFETAUT" authorityYear="1982" box="[1027,1183,626,648]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tethysuchia">Tethysuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
)). The ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E813FD97428107B0" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shartegensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E813FD97428107B0" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus shartegensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EEEEFD7445F707B0" box="[1011,1190,657,678]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Calsoyasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EEEEFD7445F707B0" box="[1011,1190,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Calsoyasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E9DFFD7444F007B0" authorityName="Young, 1948 Young" authorityYear="1948" box="[1218,1441,657,678]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E9DFFD7444F007B0" box="[1218,1441,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus miaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE5EFD4A42B307D2" box="[835,994,687,708]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE5EFD4A42B307D2" box="[835,994,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E918FD4A45D007D2" box="[1029,1153,687,708]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E918FD4A45D007D2" box="[1029,1153,687,708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
))) lineage accounts for: the absence of incisive foramen (Char. 44: 0 -> 1); the frontal–parietal suture rests on skull roof (Char. 104: 2 -> 0); the mandibular fenestra is large in relation to the orbit (Char. 213: 0 -> 1); and the mandibular fenestra is oblique at its anteroposterior axis (Char. 215: 0 -> 1). The (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE68FC8245C0066A" authorityName="Efimov" authorityYear="1988" box="[885,1169,871,892]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="shartegensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE68FC8245C0066A" box="[885,1169,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus shartegensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E9B2FC824406066A" box="[1199,1367,871,892]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Calsoyasuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E9B2FC824406066A" box="[1199,1367,871,892]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Calsoyasuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clade is supported by two characters: a narrow platyrostral rostrum (Char. 30: 4 -> 3); and the snout present an external antorbital fenestra (Char. 43: 0 -> 1). The clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE5EFC07457006EE" authorityName="Young, 1948 Young" authorityYear="1948" box="[835,1057,994,1016]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Sunosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miaoi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE5EFC07457006EE" box="[835,1057,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sunosuchus miaoi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E929FC07458206E1" box="[1076,1235,994,1015]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E929FC07458206E1" box="[1076,1235,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E9EBFC07442306E1" box="[1270,1394,994,1015]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E9EBFC07442306E1" box="[1270,1394,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) is supported by: the periorbital bones are laterodorsally elevated (Char. 26: 0 -> 1); the maxillopalatal fenestra is present (Char. 74: 0 -> 1); the postorbital bar is thin (Char. 131: 1 -> 0); the surangular participates on the glenoid fossa (Char. 228: 0 -> 1); and the surangular extend to the posterior region of the retroarticular process (Char. 232: 0 -> 1). Finally, the (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E814FB5C44F301D8" box="[1289,1442,1209,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Siamosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E814FB5C44F301D8" box="[1289,1442,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Siamosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE4FFB32429D01FA" box="[850,972,1239,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Chalawan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE4FFB32429D01FA" box="[850,972,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Chalawan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clade is united by two characters: the quadrate medial condyle is hypertrophied (Char. 156: 0 -> 1) and the supraoccipital is exposed on the skull roof (Char. 162: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE5FFE5EE4FFAB7455103CE" blockId="14.[826,1442,197,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE91FAB74574007E" authorityName="BUFFETAUT" authorityYear="1982" box="[908,1061,1362,1384]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tethysuchia">Tethysuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported in all minimum length-trees by the following characters: the premaxilla ventral margin is ventral in relation to the maxillary ventral margin (Char. 56: 1 -> 2); the maxilla lateroventral margin is straight (Char. 64: 3 -> 0); the lateral border posterior to the external narial opening of nasal is oblique to the sagittal axis (Char. 78: 1 -> 0); the postorbital bar is elliptic in cross-section (Char. 130: 1 -> 0); and the dentary does not extend below the mandibular fenestra (Char. 223: 1 -> 0). In some trees it is also united by: there being a posteroventral process of lacrimal beneath the orbits (Char. 85: 0 -> 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE5FFE4EE4FF90440460718" blockId="14.[826,1442,197,1905]" lastBlockId="15.[146,762,197,1905]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="567" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EEDDF904453603E0" authorityName="BUFFETAUT" authorityYear="1982" box="[960,1127,1761,1783]" class="Reptilia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Tethysuchia">Tethysuchia</taxonomicName>
|
||
there is a new clade Tethysuchoidea, which consists of (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E9EDF91A44F30202" authorityName="Mones" authorityYear="1980" box="[1264,1442,1791,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Meridiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E9EDF91A44F30202" box="[1264,1442,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Meridiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE52F8FB42A90222" authorityName="SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET" authorityYear="1966" box="[847,1016,1822,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE52F8FB42A90222" box="[847,1016,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Sarcosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E903F8FA45850222" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Wellnhofer" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[1054,1236,1822,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Teleosauridae" genus="Terminonaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E903F8FA45850222" box="[1054,1236,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Terminonaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5E9E7F8FA44D20222" authorityName="de Lapparent de Broin" authorityYear="2002" box="[1274,1411,1822,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Elosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5E9E7F8FA44D20222" box="[1274,1411,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Elosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EE27F8D942940247" authorityName="Buffetaut & Hutt" authorityYear="1980" box="[826,965,1852,1873]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Vectisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE5FFE5EE27F8D942940247" box="[826,965,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="566">Vectisuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE5FFE5EEC3F8D945D10244" baseAuthorityName="de Steffano" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[990,1152,1852,1874]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="14" pageNumber="566" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dyrosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)))), being supported by: posterodorsal process of premaxilla extends anterior to the third maxillary alveolous (Char. 53: 1 -> 0); the ventral margin of premaxilla and maxilla are at the same level (Char. 56: 2 -> 1); occlusion pits for the first dentary teeth at the palatal surface of premaxilla (Char. 58: 0 -> 1); no lacrimal process beneath the orbits (Char. 85: 1 -> 0); upper temporal bar is oblique (Char. 127: 0 -> 1); pterygoid participates at the posterior, lateral and parts of the anterior margin of the choana (Char. 208: 1 -> 2); and posterodorsaldirected retroarticular process in lateral view (Char. 241: 1 -> 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF7A801FFE4FFE4EDB7FDF340A50267" blockId="15.[146,762,197,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EC5CFDF340B2073D" authorityName="SP. (DE BROIN & TAQUET" authorityYear="1966" box="[321,483,534,555]" class="Reptilia" family="Crocodylidae" genus="Sarcosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4EC5CFDF340B2073D" box="[321,483,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Sarcosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows the following characters: the posterior dentition of maxillary and dentary present a weak-developed ridges on the enamel surface (Char. 268: 1 -> 0); the maxilla–dentary anterior dentition has a bulbous crown shape (Char. 270: 0 -> 1); the dentary alveoli have a transitional morphology from circular to oval (Char. 272: 0 -> 1); the dentary alveoli one and two are close to each other (Char. 276: 0 -> 1); and the third dentary alveolus is medial in relation to the fourth (Char. 279: 2 -> 0). Clade (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EDF2FCAF40C80649" baseAuthorityName="Buffetaut & Wellnhofer" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[239,409,842,863]" class="Reptilia" family="Teleosauridae" genus="Terminonaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4EDF2FCAF40C80649" box="[239,409,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Terminonaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4ECA5FCAC43660648" authorityName="de Lapparent de Broin" authorityYear="2002" box="[440,567,841,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Elosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4ECA5FCAC43660648" box="[440,567,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Elosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EF43FCAC43A10648" authorityName="Buffetaut & Hutt" authorityYear="1980" box="[606,752,841,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Vectisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4EF43FCAC43A10648" box="[606,752,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Vectisuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4ED84FC8D40640668" baseAuthorityName="de Steffano" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[153,309,872,894]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dyrosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) is supported by the following features: the surface below the dental groove is ornamented (Char. 18: 1 -> 0); the rostrum is subequal (Char. 30: 4 -> 2); the frontal surpass the anterior portion of the prefrontals (Char. 96: 1 -> 0); the parietal–postorbital suture is outside the supratemporal fossa (Char. 107: 1 -> 0); the retroarticular process is long (Char. 240: 0 -> 2); the premaxilla–dentary has an aligned occlusion pattern (Char. 246: 1 -> 0); the ulna is shorter than the humerus (Char. 297: 0 -> 1); and the centrum of dorsal vertebrae is spool-shaped (Char. 330: 0 -> 1). The ((
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EDFDFB5C403101D8" authorityName="de Lapparent de Broin" authorityYear="2002" box="[224,352,1209,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Elosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4EDFDFB5C403101D8" box="[224,352,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Elosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EC95FB5C434A01D8" authorityName="Buffetaut & Hutt" authorityYear="1980" box="[392,539,1209,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Vectisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4EC95FB5C434A01D8" box="[392,539,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Vectisuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EF24FB5C43B401D9" baseAuthorityName="de Steffano" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[569,741,1209,1231]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dyrosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)) lineage is united by: the posterodorsal process of the premaxilla is anterior to the third maxillary alveolus (Char. 53: 1 -> 0); the ventral margins of maxilla and premaxilla are at the same level (Char. 56: 2 -> 1); there are occlusion pits for first dentary teeth in the premaxilla (Char. 58: 0 -> 1); there is no lacrimal posteroventral process beneath the orbits (Char. 85: 1 -> 0); the upper temporal bar is oblique in relation to the median sagittal axis (Char. 127: 0 -> 1); and the pterygoid composes the posterior, lateral and partially the anterior margins of choana (Char. 208: 1 -> 2). Finally, the (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EC95F9CC43500328" authorityName="de Lapparent de Broin" authorityYear="2002" box="[392,513,1577,1598]" class="Reptilia" family="Pholidosauridae" genus="Elosuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4EC95F9CC43500328" box="[392,513,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Elosuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EF3CF9CC43FA0328" authorityName="Buffetaut & Hutt" authorityYear="1980" box="[545,683,1577,1598]" class="Reptilia" family="Goniopholididae" genus="Vectisuchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93C7413FFE4FFE4EF3CF9CC43FA0328" box="[545,683,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="567">Vectisuchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) clade has the following synapomorphies: the periorbital bones are laterodorsally elevated (Char. 26: 0 -> 1); the orbits are anteriorly inclined (Char. 34: 0 -> 1); the mandibular fenestra is larger than the orbits (Char. 213: 0 -> 1); the crown shape of maxilla–dentary anterior dentition is bulbous (Char. 270: 0 -> 1); and the dorsal osteoderms has a longitudinal keel (Char. 340: 1 -> 0). The features that support
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C48D382FFE4FFE4EF46F8FB43AB0222" baseAuthorityName="de Steffano" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[603,762,1822,1844]" class="Reptilia" family="Dyrosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="15" pageNumber="567" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Dyrosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are available from the Supporting Information, Supplementary Information X.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |