treatments-xml/data/03/DB/68/03DB687BFFA8FFB6FF1792E5FDEBB1B8.xml

<document id="0B17FC23863C8DA1021203AF4C66B9C7" ID-CLB-Dataset="275589" ID-DOI="10.1076/snfe.36.1.1.8882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="95de6d25-8355-4350-81c1-982d30b49fd0" ID-ISSN="1744-5140" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10076973" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1698778977998" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Freitas, Thales Renato O." docDate="2010" docId="03DB687BFFA8FFB6FF1792E5FDEBB1B8" docLanguage="en" docName="StudNeotropFaunaE.36.1.1-8.pdf" docOrigin="Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 36 (1)" docSource="https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/nnfe20" docTitle="Ctenomys lami Freitas 2010, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="FFE21003FFAAFFB1FFB4975CFF84B558" masterDocTitle="Tuco-tucos (Rodentia, Octodontidae) in Southern Brazil: Ctenomys lami spec. nov. Separated from C. minutus Nehring 1887" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1699322842705" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="50C6F175CF94A1DCF4DF49060B57F632">Tuco-tucos (Rodentia, Octodontidae) in Southern Brazil: Ctenomys lami spec. nov. Separated from C. minutus Nehring 1887</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F60E57885D942794D84D85F06A413A28">Freitas, Thales Renato O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="09611958061CA344E54B1898A317B1D4">Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, C. P. 15053, 91501 - 970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. Fax: + 55 - 51 - 319 2011</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="63BFAF06FF807E4C589AB4D0C3ACD2D3">2010</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C3688AE6FFA8FFB3FF1792E5FE3AB088" box="[163,446,1465,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA8FFB3FF1792E5FE3AB088" blockId="2.[163,446,1465,1488]" box="[163,446,1465,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA8FFB3FF1792E5FE3AB088" bold="true" box="[163,446,1465,1488]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA8FFB3FF1792E5FE3AB088" bold="true" box="[163,446,1465,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA8FFB3FF1792E5FECCB088" ID-CoL="3265B" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[163,328,1465,1488]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA8FFB3FF1792E5FECCB088" bold="true" box="[163,328,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Ctenomys lami</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235B804FFA8FFB3FEE492E5FE3AB088" box="[336,446,1465,1488]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA8FFB3FF1792A5FE8FB348" blockId="2.[163,267,1529,1552]" box="[163,267,1529,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA8FFB3FF1792A5FE8FB348" bold="true" box="[163,267,1529,1552]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA8FFB3FF1792A5FE8FB348" bold="true" box="[163,267,1529,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Holotype</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA8FFB3FF179175FBABB0F5" blockId="2.[163,810,1577,2080]" lastBlockId="2.[877,1524,1398,1453]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
<materialsCitation id="3B1AD330FFA8FFB3FF179175FF70B398" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4433227301" collectionCode="Departamento de Genetica, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul." collectorName="Vitor H. Travi &amp; Thales R. O. Freitas" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="9D7412E4FFA8FFB3FF179175FF64B318" box="[163,224,1577,1600]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="adult">Adult</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="9D7412E4FFA8FFB3FF539175FF79B319" box="[231,253,1577,1601]" count="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
, 2n = 54 and FN (Fundamental Number) = 76. Skin and skull number 094, collected by 
<collectorName id="2687BCBBFFA8FFB3FDA89115FD35B338" box="[540,689,1609,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Vitor H. Travi</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="2687BCBBFFA8FFB3FD569115FEA8B3D8" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Thales R.O. Freitas</collectorName>
. Deposited in the 
<collectionCode id="ED6341A8FFA8FFB3FE499135FF70B398" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.</collectionCode>
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Total length 257 mm; tail 79 mm; hind foot (with claws) 36 mm and hind foot (without claws), 32 mm. Total length of skull, 46.45 mm; condylobasal length, 44.40 mm; nasal length, 16.80 mm; nasal width, 7.20 mm; zygomatic breadth, 28.45 mm; bimeatal breadth, 26.50 mm; interorbital breadth, 10.05 mm; mastoid breadth, 25.90 mm; rostral breadth, 11.40 mm; pre orbital foramen length, 10.50 mm; condylopremolar length, 31.10 mm; diastema length 13.25 mm; braincase breadth, 18.10 mm; length of maxillary toothrow, 9.90 mm; palatal length, 22.20 mm; upper incisive breadth 3.30 mm; IV premolar length, 4.40 mm; auditory bulla width, 7.50 mm; auditory bulla length, 15.85 mm; mandibular width, 33.40 mm; and palatal length, 22.20 mm.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA8FFB3FCD99285FC75B0A8" blockId="2.[877,1009,1497,1520]" box="[877,1009,1497,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA8FFB3FCD99285FC75B0A8" bold="true" box="[877,1009,1497,1520]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA8FFB3FCD99285FC75B0A8" bold="true" box="[877,1009,1497,1520]" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Description</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA8FFB2FCD99155FE77B078" blockId="2.[877,1524,1545,2080]" lastBlockId="3.[222,869,1257,1312]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">
Total length, 231–310 mm; length of tail, 67–92 mm; length of hind foot (with claws), 30– 45 mm; hind foot (without claws), 31– 42 mm, weight, 170–307 g. 
<tableCitation id="C6F0ECD6FFA8FFB3FAAE9115FAEEB338" box="[1306,1386,1609,1632]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[222,274,297,318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric comparison of the two sibling species C. lami spec. nov. and C. minutus from Rio Grande do Sul." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466" pageId="2" pageNumber="2" tableUuid="DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466">Table 1</tableCitation>
summarizes the skull measurements. Skull (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA8FFB3FB779135FA81B3D8" box="[1219,1285,1641,1664]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[163,198,1880,1901]" captionTargetBox="[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. The cranium of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral view and (D) lateral view of mandible. The white bar is 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) wide. In dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA8FFB3FCC191D5FC48B3F8" box="[885,972,1673,1696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[163,198,1880,1901]" captionTargetBox="[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. The cranium of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral view and (D) lateral view of mandible. The white bar is 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) nasal bones wide anteriorly and tapering posteriorly; frontal presenting a flat surface from the inter-orbital constriction to the posterior region; front-parietal suture round; braincase oval-shaped, length of brancaise 
<superScript id="7C077425FFA8FFB3FACA91B9FA06B3AB" attach="right" box="[1406,1410,1765,1779]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">1</superScript>
/ 
<subScript id="17F6DB28FFA8FFB3FA3391A8FA0BB25A" attach="left" box="[1415,1423,1780,1794]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">3</subScript>
of length of the skull; zygomatic arch square and robust. Incisive foramina small in ventral view (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA8FFB3FB6B9075FABDB218" box="[1247,1337,1833,1856]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[163,198,1880,1901]" captionTargetBox="[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. The cranium of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral view and (D) lateral view of mandible. The white bar is 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Mesopterygoid fossa wide posteriorly and flared anteriorly. Nasal tip in the same plane as the incisor edge in the lateral view (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA8FFB3FA279035FA6CB2D8" box="[1427,1512,1897,1920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[163,198,1880,1901]" captionTargetBox="[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. The cranium of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral view and (D) lateral view of mandible. The white bar is 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
). Tympanic bullae large and inflated ventrally. The mandible (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA8FFB3FCC190F5FC4AB298" box="[885,974,1961,1984]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[163,198,1880,1901]" captionTargetBox="[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[401,1287,296,1849]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 2. The cranium of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral view and (D) lateral view of mandible. The white bar is 20mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076977/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="2">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
) with long and narrow coronoid process; heavy condyloid process and large angular process. Four kidneyshaped molariform teeth; large and orange orthodont incisors, M3 and m3 much reduced. Pelage dark brownish dorsally, each hair dark grayish basally and brownish near the tip, ventral pelage lighter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466" ID-Table-UUID="DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466" box="[222,1422,297,318]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" startId="3.[222,274,297,318]" targetBox="[222,1581,355,1139]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466" blockId="3.[222,1422,297,318]" box="[222,1422,297,318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
Table 1. Morphometric comparison of the two sibling species 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FCFF9675FC10B466" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[843,916,297,318]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FCFF9675FC10B466" box="[843,916,297,318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235B804FFA9FFB2FC2E9675FC7EB466" box="[922,1018,297,318]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FB9E9675FB17B466" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[1066,1171,297,318]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FB9E9675FB17B466" box="[1066,1171,297,318]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Rio Grande do Sul.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FCB7963FF98DB12B" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
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<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E963FFCB7B421" box="[762,819,355,377]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">♂♂</th>
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA963FFACCB421" box="[1294,1352,355,377]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">♀♀</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A96C2F9A9B4EB" box="[222,1581,414,435]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9296C2FD50B4EB" box="[550,724,414,435]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FD9296C2FDEAB4EB" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[550,622,414,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FD9296C2FDEAB4EB" box="[550,622,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235B804FFA9FFB2FDC196C2FD50B4EB" box="[629,724,414,435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E96C2FC0AB4EB" box="[762,910,414,435]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FCA496C2FCFDB4EB" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[784,889,414,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FCA496C2FCFDB4EB" box="[784,889,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F96C2FB6EB4EB" box="[1083,1258,414,435]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FB8F96C2FB07B4EB" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[1083,1155,414,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FB8F96C2FB07B4EB" box="[1083,1155,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235B804FFA9FFB2FB3E96C2FB6EB4EB" box="[1162,1258,414,435]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA96C2FA23B4EB" box="[1294,1447,414,435]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FA9196C2FA0AB4EB" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[1317,1422,414,435]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA9196C2FA0AB4EB" box="[1317,1422,414,435]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A96E0F9A9B489" box="[222,1581,444,465]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-10="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9296E0FD50B489" box="[550,724,444,465]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">(n = 14)</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E96E0FC0AB489" box="[762,910,444,465]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">(n = 18)</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F96E0FB6EB489" box="[1083,1258,444,465]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">(n = 21)</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA96E0FA23B489" box="[1294,1447,444,465]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">(n = 24)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A96AAF9A9B753" box="[222,1581,502,523]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A96AAFE7AB753" box="[222,510,502,523]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Characters</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9296AAFDE3B753" box="[550,615,502,523]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">x¯</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F96AAFD50B753" box="[667,724,502,523]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">SD</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E96AAFCB7B753" box="[762,819,502,523]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">x¯</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD096AAFC0AB753" box="[868,910,502,523]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">SD</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7796AAFB95B753" box="[963,1041,502,523]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">t-value</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F96AAFBF8B753" box="[1083,1148,502,523]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">x¯</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0496AAFB6EB753" box="[1200,1258,502,523]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">SD</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA96AAFACCB753" box="[1294,1352,502,523]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">x¯</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC896AAFA23B753" box="[1404,1447,502,523]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">SD</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B96AAF9A9B753" box="[1503,1581,502,523]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">t-value</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A956DF9A9B71E" box="[222,1581,561,582]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A956DFE7AB71E" box="[222,510,561,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Skull total length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD92956DFDE3B71E" box="[550,615,561,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">48.51</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F956DFD50B71E" box="[667,724,561,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.34</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E956DFCB7B71E" box="[762,819,561,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">47.32</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD0956DFC0AB71E" box="[868,910,561,582]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.58</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC77956DFB95B71E" box="[963,1041,561,582]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.96</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F956DFBF8B71E" box="[1083,1148,561,582]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">45.19</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB04956DFB6EB71E" box="[1200,1258,561,582]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.45</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA956DFACCB71E" box="[1294,1352,561,582]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">44.11</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC8956DFA23B71E" box="[1404,1447,561,582]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.33</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B956DF9A9B71E" box="[1503,1581,561,582]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9512F9A9B73B" box="[222,1581,590,611]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9512FE7AB73B" box="[222,510,590,611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Condylobasal length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929512FDE3B73B" box="[550,615,590,611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">46.03</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9512FD50B73B" box="[667,724,590,611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.90</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9512FCB7B73B" box="[762,819,590,611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">43.23</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09512FC0AB73B" box="[868,910,590,611]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.22</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779512FB95B73B" box="[963,1041,590,611]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.54</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9512FBF8B73B" box="[1083,1148,590,611]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">43.53</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049512FB6EB73B" box="[1200,1258,590,611]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.33</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9512FACCB73B" box="[1294,1352,590,611]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">40.51</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89512FA23B73B" box="[1404,1447,590,611]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.14</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9512F9A9B73B" box="[1503,1581,590,611]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B9512F9A9B73B" bold="true" box="[1503,1581,590,611]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">4.47***</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9530F9A9B7D9" box="[222,1581,620,641]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9530FE7AB7D9" box="[222,510,620,641]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Nasal length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929530FDE3B7D9" box="[550,615,620,641]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">18.08</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9530FD50B7D9" box="[667,724,620,641]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.32</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9530FCB7B7D9" box="[762,819,620,641]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">17.03</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09530FC0AB7D9" box="[868,910,620,641]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.44</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779530FB95B7D9" box="[963,1041,620,641]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC779530FC7DB7D9" bold="true" box="[963,1017,620,641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.11*</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9530FBF8B7D9" box="[1083,1148,620,641]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">16.78</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049530FB6EB7D9" box="[1200,1258,620,641]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.06</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9530FACCB7D9" box="[1294,1352,620,641]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">15.69</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89530FA23B7D9" box="[1404,1447,620,641]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.07</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9530F9A9B7D9" box="[1503,1581,620,641]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B9530F9A9B7D9" bold="true" box="[1503,1581,620,641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.41***</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A95D5F9A9B7C6" box="[222,1581,649,670]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A95D5FE7AB7C6" box="[222,510,649,670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Nasal width</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9295D5FDE3B7C6" box="[550,615,649,670]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">6.92</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F95D5FD50B7C6" box="[667,724,649,670]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.68</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E95D5FCB7B7C6" box="[762,819,649,670]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">6.73</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD095D5FC0AB7C6" box="[868,910,649,670]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.76</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7795D5FB95B7C6" box="[963,1041,649,670]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.75</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F95D5FBF8B7C6" box="[1083,1148,649,670]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">6.62</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0495D5FB6EB7C6" box="[1200,1258,649,670]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.42</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA95D5FACCB7C6" box="[1294,1352,649,670]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">6.18</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC895D5FA23B7C6" box="[1404,1447,649,670]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.53</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B95D5F9A9B7C6" box="[1503,1581,649,670]" gridcol="10" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B95D5F9A5B7C6" bold="true" box="[1503,1569,649,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.00**</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A95FAF9A9B7E3" box="[222,1581,678,699]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A95FAFE7AB7E3" box="[222,510,678,699]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Bimeatal breadth</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9295FAFDE3B7E3" box="[550,615,678,699]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">29.21</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F95FAFD50B7E3" box="[667,724,678,699]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.80</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E95FAFCB7B7E3" box="[762,819,678,699]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">27.17</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD095FAFC0AB7E3" box="[868,910,678,699]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.05</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7795FAFB95B7E3" box="[963,1041,678,699]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC7795FAFB82B7E3" bold="true" box="[963,1030,678,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.36**</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F95FAFBF8B7E3" box="[1083,1148,678,699]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">26.72</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0495FAFB6EB7E3" box="[1200,1258,678,699]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.49</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA95FAFACCB7E3" box="[1294,1352,678,699]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">25.76</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC895FAFA23B7E3" box="[1404,1447,678,699]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.31</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B95FAF9A9B7E3" box="[1503,1581,678,699]" gridcol="10" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B95FAF9A5B7E3" bold="true" box="[1503,1569,678,699]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.32**</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9598F9A9B781" box="[222,1581,708,729]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9598FE7AB781" box="[222,510,708,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Zygomatic breadth</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929598FDE3B781" box="[550,615,708,729]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">29.50</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9598FD50B781" box="[667,724,708,729]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.87</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9598FCB7B781" box="[762,819,708,729]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">28.43</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09598FC0AB781" box="[868,910,708,729]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.05</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779598FB95B781" box="[963,1041,708,729]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.49</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9598FBF8B781" box="[1083,1148,708,729]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">27.77</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049598FB6EB781" box="[1200,1258,708,729]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.45</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9598FACCB781" box="[1294,1352,708,729]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">26.71</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89598FA23B781" box="[1404,1447,708,729]" gridcol="9" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.49</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9598F9A9B781" box="[1503,1581,708,729]" gridcol="10" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B9598F9A5B781" bold="true" box="[1503,1569,708,729]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.43**</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A95BDF9A9B7AE" box="[222,1581,737,758]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A95BDFE7AB7AE" box="[222,510,737,758]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Mastoid breadth</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9295BDFDE3B7AE" box="[550,615,737,758]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">27.78</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F95BDFD50B7AE" box="[667,724,737,758]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.53</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E95BDFCB7B7AE" box="[762,819,737,758]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">26.12</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD095BDFC0AB7AE" box="[868,910,737,758]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.66</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7795BDFB95B7AE" box="[963,1041,737,758]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC7795BDFB82B7AE" bold="true" box="[963,1030,737,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.89**</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F95BDFBF8B7AE" box="[1083,1148,737,758]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">26.27</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0495BDFB6EB7AE" box="[1200,1258,737,758]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.26</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA95BDFACCB7AE" box="[1294,1352,737,758]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">24.71</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC895BDFA23B7AE" box="[1404,1447,737,758]" gridcol="9" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.19</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B95BDF9A9B7AE" box="[1503,1581,737,758]" gridcol="10" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B95BDF9A9B7AE" bold="true" box="[1503,1581,737,758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">4.27***</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A95A2F9A9B64B" box="[222,1581,766,787]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A95A2FE7AB64B" box="[222,510,766,787]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Interorbital width</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9295A2FDE3B64B" box="[550,615,766,787]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">10.15</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F95A2FD50B64B" box="[667,724,766,787]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.81</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E95A2FCB7B64B" box="[762,819,766,787]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.20</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD095A2FC0AB64B" box="[868,910,766,787]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.58</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7795A2FB95B64B" box="[963,1041,766,787]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC7795A2FB95B64B" bold="true" box="[963,1041,766,787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.83***</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F95A2FBF8B64B" box="[1083,1148,766,787]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.32</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0495A2FB6EB64B" box="[1200,1258,766,787]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.59</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA95A2FACCB64B" box="[1294,1352,766,787]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">8.36</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC895A2FA23B64B" box="[1404,1447,766,787]" gridcol="9" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.94</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B95A2F9A9B64B" box="[1503,1581,766,787]" gridcol="10" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B95A2F9A9B64B" bold="true" box="[1503,1581,766,787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.61***</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9440F9A9B669" box="[222,1581,796,817]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9440FE7AB669" box="[222,510,796,817]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Rostral breadth</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929440FDE3B669" box="[550,615,796,817]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">12.38</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9440FD50B669" box="[667,724,796,817]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.31</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9440FCB7B669" box="[762,819,796,817]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">11.86</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09440FC0AB669" box="[868,910,796,817]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.99</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779440FB95B669" box="[963,1041,796,817]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.25</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9440FBF8B669" box="[1083,1148,796,817]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">11.38</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049440FB6EB669" box="[1200,1258,796,817]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.65</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9440FACCB669" box="[1294,1352,796,817]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">10.80</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89440FA23B669" box="[1404,1447,796,817]" gridcol="9" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.82</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9440F9A9B669" box="[1503,1581,796,817]" gridcol="10" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B9440F9A5B669" bold="true" box="[1503,1569,796,817]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.59**</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9465F9A9B616" box="[222,1581,825,846]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9465FE7AB616" box="[222,510,825,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Braincaise breadth</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929465FDE3B616" box="[550,615,825,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">17.88</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9465FD50B616" box="[667,724,825,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.84</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9465FCB7B616" box="[762,819,825,846]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">17.76</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09465FC0AB616" box="[868,910,825,846]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.76</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779465FB95B616" box="[963,1041,825,846]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.23</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9465FBF8B616" box="[1083,1148,825,846]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">18.13</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049465FB6EB616" box="[1200,1258,825,846]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.81</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9465FACCB616" box="[1294,1352,825,846]" gridcol="8" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">17.29</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89465FA23B616" box="[1404,1447,825,846]" gridcol="9" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.73</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9465F9A9B616" box="[1503,1581,825,846]" gridcol="10" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B9465F9A9B616" bold="true" box="[1503,1581,825,846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.67***</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A940AF9A9B633" box="[222,1581,854,875]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A940AFE7AB633" box="[222,510,854,875]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Preorbital foramen length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD92940AFDE3B633" box="[550,615,854,875]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">10.67</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F940AFD50B633" box="[667,724,854,875]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.83</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E940AFCB7B633" box="[762,819,854,875]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.95</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD0940AFC0AB633" box="[868,910,854,875]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.98</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC77940AFB95B633" box="[963,1041,854,875]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC77940AFB82B633" bold="true" box="[963,1030,854,875]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.18**</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F940AFBF8B633" box="[1083,1148,854,875]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.72</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB04940AFB6EB633" box="[1200,1258,854,875]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.68</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA940AFACCB633" box="[1294,1352,854,875]" gridcol="8" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.34</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC8940AFA23B633" box="[1404,1447,854,875]" gridcol="9" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.73</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B940AF9A9B633" box="[1503,1581,854,875]" gridcol="10" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B940AF991B633" bold="true" box="[1503,1557,854,875]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.80*</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9428F9A9B6D1" box="[222,1581,884,905]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9428FE7AB6D1" box="[222,510,884,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Condylonasal length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929428FDE3B6D1" box="[550,615,884,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">32.04</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9428FD50B6D1" box="[667,724,884,905]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.87</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9428FCB7B6D1" box="[762,819,884,905]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">31.45</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09428FC0AB6D1" box="[868,910,884,905]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.28</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779428FB95B6D1" box="[963,1041,884,905]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.90</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9428FBF8B6D1" box="[1083,1148,884,905]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">30.28</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049428FB6EB6D1" box="[1200,1258,884,905]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.73</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9428FACCB6D1" box="[1294,1352,884,905]" gridcol="8" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">30.07</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89428FA23B6D1" box="[1404,1447,884,905]" gridcol="9" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.27</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9428F9A9B6D1" box="[1503,1581,884,905]" gridcol="10" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.46</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A94CDF9A9B6FE" box="[222,1581,913,934]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A94CDFE7AB6FE" box="[222,510,913,934]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Diastema length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9294CDFDE3B6FE" box="[550,615,913,934]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">14.18</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F94CDFD50B6FE" box="[667,724,913,934]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.21</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E94CDFCB7B6FE" box="[762,819,913,934]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">13.52</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD094CDFC0AB6FE" box="[868,910,913,934]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.18</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7794CDFB95B6FE" box="[963,1041,913,934]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.55</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F94CDFBF8B6FE" box="[1083,1148,913,934]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">12.76</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0494CDFB6EB6FE" box="[1200,1258,913,934]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.93</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA94CDFACCB6FE" box="[1294,1352,913,934]" gridcol="8" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">12.50</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC894CDFA23B6FE" box="[1404,1447,913,934]" gridcol="9" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.95</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B94CDF9A9B6FE" box="[1503,1581,913,934]" gridcol="10" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.90</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A94F2F9A9B69B" box="[222,1581,942,963]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A94F2FE7AB69B" box="[222,510,942,963]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Auditory bulla length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9294F2FDE3B69B" box="[550,615,942,963]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">16.32</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F94F2FD50B69B" box="[667,724,942,963]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.92</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E94F2FCB7B69B" box="[762,819,942,963]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">14.60</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD094F2FC0AB69B" box="[868,910,942,963]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.24</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7794F2FB95B69B" box="[963,1041,942,963]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC7794F2FB95B69B" bold="true" box="[963,1041,942,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">4.33***</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F94F2FBF8B69B" box="[1083,1148,942,963]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">15.55</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0494F2FB6EB69B" box="[1200,1258,942,963]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.19</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA94F2FACCB69B" box="[1294,1352,942,963]" gridcol="8" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">13.85</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC894F2FA23B69B" box="[1404,1447,942,963]" gridcol="9" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.93</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B94F2F9A9B69B" box="[1503,1581,942,963]" gridcol="10" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B94F2F9A9B69B" bold="true" box="[1503,1581,942,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">5.40***</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9490F9A9B6B9" box="[222,1581,972,993]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9490FE7AB6B9" box="[222,510,972,993]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Auditory bulla width</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929490FDE3B6B9" box="[550,615,972,993]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">7.88</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9490FD50B6B9" box="[667,724,972,993]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.55</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9490FCB7B6B9" box="[762,819,972,993]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">7.90</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09490FC0AB6B9" box="[868,910,972,993]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.58</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779490FB95B6B9" box="[963,1041,972,993]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.12</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9490FBF8B6B9" box="[1083,1148,972,993]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">7.64</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049490FB6EB6B9" box="[1200,1258,972,993]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.52</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9490FACCB6B9" box="[1294,1352,972,993]" gridcol="8" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">7.53</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89490FA23B6B9" box="[1404,1447,972,993]" gridcol="9" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.70</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9490F9A9B6B9" box="[1503,1581,972,993]" gridcol="10" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.60</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A94B5F9A9B6A6" box="[222,1581,1001,1022]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A94B5FE7AB6A6" box="[222,510,1001,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Incisive width</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD9294B5FDE3B6A6" box="[550,615,1001,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.50</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F94B5FD50B6A6" box="[667,724,1001,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.26</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E94B5FCB7B6A6" box="[762,819,1001,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.98</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD094B5FC0AB6A6" box="[868,910,1001,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.43</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC7794B5FB95B6A6" box="[963,1041,1001,1022]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC7794B5FB95B6A6" bold="true" box="[963,1041,1001,1022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.87***</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F94B5FBF8B6A6" box="[1083,1148,1001,1022]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.13</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB0494B5FB6EB6A6" box="[1200,1258,1001,1022]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.25</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA94B5FACCB6A6" box="[1294,1352,1001,1022]" gridcol="8" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.74</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC894B5FA23B6A6" box="[1404,1447,1001,1022]" gridcol="9" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.26</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B94B5F9A9B6A6" box="[1503,1581,1001,1022]" gridcol="10" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B94B5F9A9B6A6" bold="true" box="[1503,1581,1001,1022]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">5.12***</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A935AF9A9B143" box="[222,1581,1030,1051]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A935AFE7AB143" box="[222,510,1030,1051]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">IV pre-molar length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD92935AFDE3B143" box="[550,615,1030,1051]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">4.20</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F935AFD50B143" box="[667,724,1030,1051]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.22</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E935AFCB7B143" box="[762,819,1030,1051]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.96</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD0935AFC0AB143" box="[868,910,1030,1051]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.32</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC77935AFB95B143" box="[963,1041,1030,1051]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC77935AFB82B143" bold="true" box="[963,1030,1030,1051]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.25**</emphasis>
</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F935AFBF8B143" box="[1083,1148,1030,1051]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.98</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB04935AFB6EB143" box="[1200,1258,1030,1051]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.24</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA935AFACCB143" box="[1294,1352,1030,1051]" gridcol="8" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.89</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC8935AFA23B143" box="[1404,1447,1030,1051]" gridcol="9" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.19</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B935AF9A9B143" box="[1503,1581,1030,1051]" gridcol="10" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9378F9A9B161" box="[222,1581,1060,1081]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9378FE7AB161" box="[222,510,1060,1081]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Length of maxillary toothrow</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929378FDE3B161" box="[550,615,1060,1081]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.97</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9378FD50B161" box="[667,724,1060,1081]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.55</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9378FCB7B161" box="[762,819,1060,1081]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.70</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09378FC0AB161" box="[868,910,1060,1081]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.75</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779378FB95B161" box="[963,1041,1060,1081]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.12</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9378FBF8B161" box="[1083,1148,1060,1081]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.50</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049378FB6EB161" box="[1200,1258,1060,1081]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.62</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9378FACCB161" box="[1294,1352,1060,1081]" gridcol="8" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">9.37</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89378FA23B161" box="[1404,1447,1060,1081]" gridcol="9" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.51</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9378F9A9B161" box="[1503,1581,1060,1081]" gridcol="10" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A931DF9A9B10E" box="[222,1581,1089,1110]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A931DFE7AB10E" box="[222,510,1089,1110]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Mandibular width</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD92931DFDE3B10E" box="[550,615,1089,1110]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">36.60</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F931DFD50B10E" box="[667,724,1089,1110]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.83</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E931DFCB7B10E" box="[762,819,1089,1110]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">36.83</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD0931DFC0AB10E" box="[868,910,1089,1110]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">3.03</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC77931DFB95B10E" box="[963,1041,1089,1110]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.21</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F931DFBF8B10E" box="[1083,1148,1089,1110]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">33.05</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB04931DFB6EB10E" box="[1200,1258,1089,1110]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.17</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA931DFACCB10E" box="[1294,1352,1089,1110]" gridcol="8" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">34.51</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC8931DFA23B10E" box="[1404,1447,1089,1110]" gridcol="9" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">2.40</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B931DF9A9B10E" box="[1503,1581,1089,1110]" gridcol="10" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FA6B931DF991B10E" bold="true" box="[1503,1557,1089,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.46*</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3542DB2FFFA9004EFF6A9302F9A9B12B" box="[222,1581,1118,1139]" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<th id="7693B253FFA9004EFF6A9302FE7AB12B" box="[222,510,1118,1139]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Palatal length</th>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD929302FDE3B12B" box="[550,615,1118,1139]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">22.40</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD2F9302FD50B12B" box="[667,724,1118,1139]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.31</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFD4E9302FCB7B12B" box="[762,819,1118,1139]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">22.22</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFCD09302FC0AB12B" box="[868,910,1118,1139]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.94</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFC779302FB95B12B" box="[963,1041,1118,1139]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.29</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB8F9302FBF8B12B" box="[1083,1148,1118,1139]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">20.69</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFB049302FB6EB12B" box="[1200,1258,1118,1139]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.38</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFABA9302FACCB12B" box="[1294,1352,1118,1139]" gridcol="8" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">20.58</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFAC89302FA23B12B" box="[1404,1447,1118,1139]" gridcol="9" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">1.54</td>
<td id="7693B253FFA9004EFA6B9302F9A9B12B" box="[1503,1581,1118,1139]" gridcol="10" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">0.24</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A93C5FDD6B1F6" blockId="3.[222,594,1177,1198]" box="[222,594,1177,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<tableNote id="7694D8E3FFA9FFB2FF6A93C5FDD6B1F6" box="[222,594,1177,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" targetBox="[222,1581,355,1139]" targetPageId="3">* p &lt;0.05; ** p &lt;0.01; *** p &lt;0.001.</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A9205FED3B028" blockId="3.[222,343,1369,1392]" box="[222,343,1369,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA9FFB2FF6A9205FED3B028" bold="true" box="[222,343,1369,1392]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FF6A9205FED3B028" bold="true" box="[222,343,1369,1392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Karyotype</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A92D5FD44B378" blockId="3.[222,868,1417,1568]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
Seven diploid numbers: 2n = 54, 55a, 55b, 56a, 56b, 57, and 58, the FN varying from 76 to 82. This karyotype with 2n = 54 is formed by 12 biarmed and 14 acrocentric pairs (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA9FFB2FF5292B5FEC4B358" box="[230,320,1513,1536]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[222,257,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[321,1479,296,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[309,1481,261,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Karyotypes obtained from Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and C. minutus bone marrow and G-banding comparison between species. (A) C. lami male karyotype in standard stain; (B) C. minutus female karyotype in standard stain; (C) Haploid set G-banding comparison between C. lami [L] and C. minutus [M]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076979/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). The sexual pair in males is formed by X-submetacentric and Y-acrocentric chromosomes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3688AE6FFA9FFB2FF6A9105FBA6B0DB" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A9105FEF4B328" blockId="3.[222,368,1625,1648]" box="[222,368,1625,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA9FFB2FF6A9105FEF4B328" bold="true" box="[222,368,1625,1648]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FF6A9105FEF4B328" bold="true" box="[222,368,1625,1648]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Type locality</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A91D5FEC1B258" blockId="3.[222,872,1673,1792]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
Beco dos Cegos (point 1 in 
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA9FFB2FD9691D5FDF3B3F8" box="[546,631,1673,1696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,198,1203,1224]" captionTargetBox="[270,1416,299,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-330@2.[264,1424,291,1181]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. (A) Geographic distribution of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and Ctenomys minutus in southern Brazil; (B) Area C. lami and C. minutus occupy in Rio Grande do Sul State. Collecting points of Ctenomys lami: (1) Beco dos Cegos and (2) Chico Lomã; Ctenomys minutus: (3) Cidreira Beach and (4) Osório." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FD2591D5FC9CB3F8" authority="Beach" authorityName="Beach" box="[657,792,1673,1696]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">Lami Beach</taxonomicName>
in the Guaíba river, near Porto Alegre, at 30°51¢S; 51°10¢W, characterized as sandy grasslands disturbed by agricultural activities.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A9065FECBB208" blockId="3.[222,335,1849,1872]" box="[222,335,1849,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA9FFB2FF6A9065FECBB208" bold="true" box="[222,335,1849,1872]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FF6A9065FECBB208" bold="true" box="[222,335,1849,1872]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Paratypes</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FF6A9035FBA6B0DB" blockId="3.[222,869,1897,2080]" lastBlockId="3.[936,1583,1257,1411]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<materialsCitation id="3B1AD330FFA9FFB2FF6A9035FA5AB05B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4433227302" collectionCode="Departamento de Genetica, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil" country="Brazil" location="Beco dos Cegos" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="15" specimenCount-female="8" specimenCount-male="7" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul" typeStatus="paratype">
34 additional specimens deposited in the 
<collectionCode id="ED6341A8FFA9FFB2FD799035FDCCB298" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil</collectionCode>
, listed by locality (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA9FFB2FC8D90F5FF7BB2B8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,198,1203,1224]" captionTargetBox="[270,1416,299,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-330@2.[264,1424,291,1181]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. (A) Geographic distribution of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and Ctenomys minutus in southern Brazil; (B) Area C. lami and C. minutus occupy in Rio Grande do Sul State. Collecting points of Ctenomys lami: (1) Beco dos Cegos and (2) Chico Lomã; Ctenomys minutus: (3) Cidreira Beach and (4) Osório." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
): 
<collectingCountry id="F36599FDFFA9FFB2FEA29095FEDEB2B8" box="[278,346,1993,2016]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49B6178FFFA9FFB2FED39095FDBCB2B8" box="[359,568,1993,2016]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="8EAD8FB6FFA9FFB2FDF29095FD72B2B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DB687BFFA8FFB6FF1792E5FDEBB1B8:8EAD8FB6FFA9FFB2FDF29095FD72B2B8" box="[582,758,1993,2016]" country="Brazil" name="Beco dos Cegos" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">Beco dos Cegos</location>
(1) 
<specimenCount id="9D7412E4FFA9FFB2FC939094FCD8B2B8" box="[807,860,1992,2016]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
: N 
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.77; N 
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.78, N 
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.88, N 
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.107, N 
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.112, N 
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.118, N 
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.405. 
<specimenCount id="9D7412E4FFA9FFB2FF6A9F54FE8EBD78" box="[222,266,2056,2080]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
: N 
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.79, N 
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.86, N 
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.87, N 
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.89, N 
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.94, N 
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.95, N 
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.108, N 
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.109, N 
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.110, N 
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.111, N 
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.113, N 
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.114, N 
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.115.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B1AD330FFA9FFB2FA5B93B0FBA6B0DB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4433227303" collectionCode="Departamento de Genetica, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil" country="Brazil" location="Chico Loma" municipality="Chico Loma" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Rio Grande do Sul">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA94317FFA9FFB2FA5B93B0FC62B07B" name="Chico Loma" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Chico Lomã</collectingMunicipality>
(2), 
<specimenCount id="9D7412E4FFA9FFB2FBAA9250FBD7B07C" box="[1054,1107,1292,1316]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="male">♂♂</specimenCount>
: N 
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.TR.15, N 
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.TR.16, N 
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.TR.17, N 
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.TR.18, N 
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.TR.19, N 
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.TR.456, N 
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.TR.394. 
<specimenCount id="9D7412E4FFA9FFB2FAAB9270FACFB01C" box="[1311,1355,1324,1348]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="female">♀♀</specimenCount>
: N 
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.TR.9, N 
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.TR.10, N 
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.TR.11, N 
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.TR.12, N 
<superScript id="7C077425FFA9FFB2FB769215FB4EB00F" attach="left" box="[1218,1226,1353,1367]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
.TR.13, N 
<superScript id="7C077425FFA9FFB2FAF19215FAC9B00F" attach="left" box="[1349,1357,1353,1367]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
.TR.14, N 
<superScript id="7C077425FFA9FFB2FA7C9215FA54B00F" attach="left" box="[1480,1488,1353,1367]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">o</superScript>
.TR.455, N 
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.TR.532.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3688AE6FFA9FFB2FC1C9297FC79B30A" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FC1C9297FBA7B0BA" blockId="3.[936,1059,1483,1506]" box="[936,1059,1483,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA9FFB2FC1C9297FBA7B0BA" bold="true" box="[936,1059,1483,1506]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC1C9297FBA7B0BA" bold="true" box="[936,1059,1483,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FC1C92A7FC79B30A" blockId="3.[936,1583,1531,1618]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">The name ‘lami’ refers to the Guaíba river beach named Lami, near Porto Alegre, where Beco dos Cegos is located.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3688AE6FFA9FFB2FC1C91C5FA71BD78" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FC1C91C5FB3FB3E8" blockId="3.[936,1211,1689,1712]" box="[936,1211,1689,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="D0856E01FFA9FFB2FC1C91C5FB3FB3E8" bold="true" box="[936,1211,1689,1712]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC1C91C5FB3FB3E8" bold="true" box="[936,1211,1689,1712]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFA9FFB2FC1C9195FA71BD78" blockId="3.[936,1583,1737,2080]" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FC1C9195FBCFB3B8" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[936,1099,1737,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FC1C9195FBCFB3B8" box="[936,1099,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Ctenomys lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be found in an almost isolated region named Coxilha das Lombas (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFA9FFB2FAB491B5FADDB258" box="[1280,1369,1769,1792]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[163,198,1203,1224]" captionTargetBox="[270,1416,299,1169]" captionTargetId="figure-330@2.[264,1424,291,1181]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. (A) Geographic distribution of Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and Ctenomys minutus in southern Brazil; (B) Area C. lami and C. minutus occupy in Rio Grande do Sul State. Collecting points of Ctenomys lami: (1) Beco dos Cegos and (2) Chico Lomã; Ctenomys minutus: (3) Cidreira Beach and (4) Osório." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076975" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076975/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
), northeast of the Guaíba river, which extends up nearly 80 km to the southwestern banks of Barros lake. This area is bordered in the northwest by the Pachecos swamp and on the southeast by the Touros swamp. This region originated in the early Pleistocene, from the first marine transgressionalregressional event, through marine and eolian deposits (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFA9FFB2FC1B9095FB22B2B8" author="Villwock JA &amp; Tomazelli LJ &amp; Loss EL &amp; Dehnhardt EA &amp; Horn FNO &amp; Bachi FA &amp; Dehnhardt BA" bookContentInfo="Rotterdam" box="[943,1190,1993,2016]" editor="Rabassa J &amp; Balkema AA" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" refId="ref4416" refString="Villwock JA, Tomazelli LJ, Loss EL, Dehnhardt EA, Horn FNO, Bachi FA, Dehnhardt BA (1986): Geology of the Rio Grande do Sul coastal province. In: Rabassa J, Balkema AA, eds., Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula. Rotterdam." title="Geology of the Rio Grande do Sul coastal province" type="book" volumeTitle="Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula" year="1986">Villwock et al., 1986</bibRefCitation>
). Nowadays, it is characterized by pastures and an anthropogenic vegetation typical of sandy soils. Ecologically 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFA9FFB2FBC19F55FB40BD78" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[1141,1220,2057,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="3" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFA9FFB2FBC19F55FB40BD78" box="[1141,1220,2057,2080]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="3">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs only in sandy fields.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF0D89E5FFAEFFB5FF179004FE86B2D2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076977" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10076977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076977/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" startId="4.[163,198,1880,1901]" targetBox="[401,1287,296,1849]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFAEFFB5FF179004FE86B2D2" blockId="4.[163,1524,1880,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">
Fig. 2. The cranium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFAEFFB5FE209004FDA0B235" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[404,548,1880,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFAEFFB5FE209004FDA0B235" box="[404,548,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="4">Ctenomys lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235B804FFAEFFB5FD9E9004FD0DB235" box="[554,649,1880,1901]" pageId="4" pageNumber="4" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in (A) dorsal, (B) ventral, (C) lateral view and (D) lateral view of mandible. The white bar is 20 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF0D89E5FFAFFFB4FF6A906FFD9DB2DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076979" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10076979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076979/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" startId="5.[222,257,1843,1864]" targetBox="[321,1479,296,1814]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFAFFFB4FF6A906FFD9DB2DB" blockId="5.[222,1582,1843,1923]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">
Fig. 3. Karyotypes obtained from 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFAFFFB4FD8D906FFD4EB210" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[569,714,1843,1864]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFAFFFB4FD8D906FFD4EB210" box="[569,714,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">Ctenomys lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235B804FFAFFFB4FD64906FFCB4B210" box="[720,816,1843,1864]" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFAFFFB4FCEB906FFC4CB210" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[863,968,1843,1864]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFAFFFB4FCEB906FFC4CB210" box="[863,968,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
bone marrow and G-banding comparison between species. (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFAFFFB4FF6A900DFEA1B23E" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[222,293,1873,1894]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFAFFFB4FF6A900DFEA1B23E" box="[222,293,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male karyotype in standard stain; (B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFAFFFB4FD2C900DFC85B23E" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[664,769,1873,1894]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFAFFFB4FD2C900DFC85B23E" box="[664,769,1873,1894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female karyotype in standard stain; (C) Haploid set G-banding comparison between 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFAFFFB4FF6A9032FEA2B2DB" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[222,294,1902,1923]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFAFFFB4FF6A9032FEA2B2DB" box="[222,294,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[L] and 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFAFFFB4FEC89032FE62B2DB" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[380,486,1902,1923]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="5" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFAFFFB4FEC89032FE62B2DB" box="[380,486,1902,1923]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="5">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[M].
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3688AE6FFACFFB7FF179675FA70B228" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF179675FE95B418" blockId="6.[163,273,297,320]" box="[163,273,297,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0856E01FFACFFB7FF179675FE95B418" bold="true" box="[163,273,297,320]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF179675FE95B418" bold="true" box="[163,273,297,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF179605FEE8B4E8" blockId="6.[163,810,345,432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fossorial rodent of medium size and brownish color with 2n = 54, 55, 56, 57 and 58. Other characteristics are listed under Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF1796ADFEBBB750" blockId="6.[163,319,497,520]" box="[163,319,497,520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0856E01FFACFFB7FF1796ADFEBBB750" bold="true" box="[163,319,497,520]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF1796ADFEBBB750" bold="true" box="[163,319,497,520]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Reproduction</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF17957DFDE8B720" blockId="6.[163,810,545,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Collections were made between 1981 and 1990; 25 pregnant females were observed from June to December. The litter size is 1–3 embryos (x¯ = 2.04 ± 0.73; N = 25).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF7795DDFD9AB7C0" blockId="6.[163,810,545,664]" box="[195,542,641,664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">The sperm has symmetric form.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF179585FEBEB7A8" blockId="6.[163,314,729,752]" box="[163,314,729,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0856E01FFACFFB7FF179585FEBEB7A8" bold="true" box="[163,314,729,752]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="2">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF179585FEBEB7A8" bold="true" box="[163,314,729,752]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Comparisons</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF179455FD2AB638" blockId="6.[163,810,777,2080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
Comparison of skull measurements between 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FD159455FD72B678" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[673,758,777,800]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FD159455FD72B678" box="[673,758,777,800]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FF179475FE9CB618" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[163,280,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF179475FE9CB618" box="[163,280,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
separately (
<tableCitation id="C6F0ECD6FFACFFB7FE289475FE69B618" box="[412,493,809,832]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[222,274,297,318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric comparison of the two sibling species C. lami spec. nov. and C. minutus from Rio Grande do Sul." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466">Table 1</tableCitation>
) revealed 9 significantly different characters in ♂♂ and 12 in ♀♀ (T-test).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF779435FE9BB038" blockId="6.[163,810,777,2080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
Discriminant Analysis was performed with 20 characters (
<tableCitation id="C6F0ECD6FFACFFB7FF1E94D5FF78B6F8" box="[170,252,905,928]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[222,274,297,318]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric comparison of the two sibling species C. lami spec. nov. and C. minutus from Rio Grande do Sul." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="DF0D89E5FFA9FFB2FF6A9675FA0AB466">Table 1</tableCitation>
), separately for males and females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FD1C94D5FD7DB6F8" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[680,761,905,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FD1C94D5FD7DB6F8" box="[680,761,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FF1794F5FE93B698" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[163,279,937,960]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF1794F5FE93B698" box="[163,279,937,960]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The analysis among males from localities 1 and 2 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FF569495FEB7B6B8" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[226,307,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF569495FEB7B6B8" box="[226,307,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 3 and 4 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FE459495FDE3B6B8" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[497,615,969,992]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FE459495FDE3B6B8" box="[497,615,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a correct classification in almost 100% of the 32 cases. The variable influence shows that condylobasal length, nasal width, bimeatal length, mastoid length, interorbital constriction, frontal length, auditory bullae length, incisive breadth, and IV premolar length are different in both species. The first axis of Canonical Variate Analysis shows an eigenvalue of 27.43 (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.001), and the second axis shows 6.28 (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.03). Two scores of classification resulted from the Canonical Analysis for males (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFACFFB7FD7E93B5FCA6B058" box="[714,802,1257,1280]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[877,912,1511,1532]" captionTargetBox="[914,1491,297,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-545@6.[899,1501,285,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution of Canonical Variates scores (CV) from Discriminant Analysis in 20 skull characters of ♂♂ (A) and ♀♀ (B) of the 4 populations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
) showing that males of 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FE289255FE68B078" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[412,492,1289,1312]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FE289255FE68B078" box="[412,492,1289,1312]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from population 1 and 2 are grouped closer and separated of populations 3 and 4 of 
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF179215FE9BB038" box="[163,287,1353,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FF179215FE98B038" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[163,284,1353,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">C. minutus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF779235FEB3B278" blockId="6.[163,810,777,2080]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
The Discriminant Analysis among females from localities 1 and 2 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FE9E92D5FEF8B0F8" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[298,380,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FE9E92D5FEF8B0F8" box="[298,380,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 3 and 4 for 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FDF092D5FD3EB0F8" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[580,698,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FDF092D5FD3EB0F8" box="[580,698,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
showed a correct classification in almost 100% of the 43 cases. Condylobasal length, nasal length. Nasal width, bimeatal length, mastoid length, interorbital constriction, frontal length, rostral breadth, braincase width, pre orbital foramen, auditory bullae length, and incisive breadth are different in both species. The first axis of Canonical Variate Analysis shows eigenvalues of 10.94 (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.003), and the second axis shows 6.54 (Wilk’s Lambda = 0.03). Two scores of classification resulted from the Canonical Analysis for females (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFACFFB7FE9A9195FE05B3B8" box="[302,385,1737,1760]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[877,912,1511,1532]" captionTargetBox="[914,1491,297,1478]" captionTargetId="figure-545@6.[899,1501,285,1485]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. Distribution of Canonical Variates scores (CV) from Discriminant Analysis in 20 skull characters of ♂♂ (A) and ♀♀ (B) of the 4 populations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) showing that females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FD299195FD69B3B8" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[669,749,1737,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FD299195FD69B3B8" box="[669,749,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from population 1 and 2 are separated from 
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FDE691B5FD55B258" box="[594,721,1769,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus’</emphasis>
populations 3 and 4.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF0D89E5FFACFFB7FCD992BBFBBCB36F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076981" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10076981" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076981/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" startId="6.[877,912,1511,1532]" targetBox="[914,1491,297,1478]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FCD992BBFBBCB36F" blockId="6.[877,1524,1511,1591]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 4. Distribution of Canonical Variates scores (CV) from Discriminant Analysis in 20 skull characters of ♂♂ (A) and ♀♀ (B) of the 4 populations.</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FF779075FA70B228" blockId="6.[163,810,777,2080]" lastBlockId="6.[877,1524,1657,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FF779075FE9CB218" authority="Freitas, 2010" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[195,280,1833,1856]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami" status="spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FF779075FE9CB218" box="[195,280,1833,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A235B804FFACFFB7FE929075FE11B218" box="[294,405,1833,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
presents different diploid numbers, varying due to centric fusions and pericentric inversions, and higher FN’s than 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FEEB9035FE50B2D8" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[351,468,1897,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FEEB9035FE50B2D8" box="[351,468,1897,1920]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(2n = 42, 46a, 46b, 47, 48, 49, and 50, with FN = 76, 
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFACFFB7FE2E90D5FE69B2F8" box="[410,493,1929,1952]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[222,257,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[321,1479,296,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[309,1481,261,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Karyotypes obtained from Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and C. minutus bone marrow and G-banding comparison between species. (A) C. lami male karyotype in standard stain; (B) C. minutus female karyotype in standard stain; (C) Haploid set G-banding comparison between C. lami [L] and C. minutus [M]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). The karyomorph 2n = 54 is formed by 12 biarmed and 14 acrocentric pairs with the sexual pair formed by sub-metacentric chromosomes (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFACFFB7FD4B9095FF43BD58" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[222,257,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[321,1479,296,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[309,1481,261,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Karyotypes obtained from Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and C. minutus bone marrow and G-banding comparison between species. (A) C. lami male karyotype in standard stain; (B) C. minutus female karyotype in standard stain; (C) Haploid set G-banding comparison between C. lami [L] and C. minutus [M]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
), whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FEEE90B5FE54BD58" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[346,464,2025,2048]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FEEE90B5FE54BD58" box="[346,464,2025,2048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the karyomorph 2n = 46a consists of 16 biarmed and 6 acrocentric pairs with the sexual pair formed by a metacentric X-chromosome and a sub-metacentric Y-chromosome (
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFACFFB7FB1091C5FB7DB3E8" box="[1188,1273,1689,1712]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[222,257,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[321,1479,296,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[309,1481,261,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Karyotypes obtained from Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and C. minutus bone marrow and G-banding comparison between species. (A) C. lami male karyotype in standard stain; (B) C. minutus female karyotype in standard stain; (C) Haploid set G-banding comparison between C. lami [L] and C. minutus [M]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
). Comparison between the two species through G-banding pattern revealed 4 chromosomic differences due to centric fusion in 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FA349185FA77B3A8" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[1408,1523,1753,1776]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FA349185FA77B3A8" box="[1408,1523,1753,1776]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1349C5E8FFACFFB7FCC191A5FC4EB248" box="[885,970,1785,1808]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[222,257,1843,1864]" captionTargetBox="[321,1479,296,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-10@5.[309,1481,261,1818]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 3. Karyotypes obtained from Ctenomys lami spec. nov. and C. minutus bone marrow and G-banding comparison between species. (A) C. lami male karyotype in standard stain; (B) C. minutus female karyotype in standard stain; (C) Haploid set G-banding comparison between C. lami [L] and C. minutus [M]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10076979/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). The chromosome 1 results from a fusion between chromosomes 23 and 13, while chromosome 3 is formed by a fusion between chromosomes 24 and 16. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FAE09065FA26B208" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[1364,1442,1849,1872]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FAE09065FA26B208" box="[1364,1442,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2 other fusions form chromosome 4 (18 and 25) and 6 (19 and 22).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3688AE6FFACFFB6FCD990E9FDEBB1B8" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB7FCD990E9FC79B289" blockId="6.[877,1021,1973,2001]" box="[877,1021,1973,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="D0856E01FFACFFB7FCD990E9FC79B289" bold="true" box="[877,1021,1973,2001]" fontSize="12" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" reason="0">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FCD990E9FC79B289" bold="true" box="[877,1021,1973,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFACFFB6FCD990B5FEA7B778" blockId="6.[877,1524,2025,2080]" lastBlockId="7.[222,869,297,1248]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">
Three other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FBE990B5FB42BD58" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[1117,1222,2025,2048]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FBE990B5FB42BD58" box="[1117,1222,2025,2048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">Ctenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur in Rio Grande do Sul, 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FCD99F55FC77BD78" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" box="[877,1011,2057,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FCD99F55FC77BD78" box="[877,1011,2057,2080]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FBB79F55FBFCBD78" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[1027,1144,2057,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FBB79F55FBFCBD78" box="[1027,1144,2057,2080]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFACFFB7FB029F55FA74BD78" authority="(Freitas, 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[1206,1520,2057,2080]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flamarioni">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFACFFB7FB029F55FAC2BD78" box="[1206,1350,2057,2080]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="6">C. flamarioni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFACFFB7FAE29F55FA6CBD78" author="Freitas TRO" box="[1366,1512,2057,2080]" journalOrPublisher="Stud Neotrop Fauna &amp; Environm" pageId="6" pageNumber="6" pagination="53 - 59" part="30" refId="ref3757" refString="Freitas TRO (1995): Geographic distribution and conservation of four species of the genus Ctenomys in Southern Brazil. Stud Neotrop Fauna &amp; Environm 30: 53 - 59." title="Geographic distribution and conservation of four species of the genus Ctenomys in Southern Brazil" type="journal article" year="1995">Freitas, 1995</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. However, only 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FEC99675FE74B418" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[381,496,297,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FEC99675FE74B418" box="[381,496,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows similarities with 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FD459675FCBAB418" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[753,830,297,320]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD459675FCBAB418" box="[753,830,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FCF89675FEC7B438" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityYear="1830" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="torquatus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FCF89675FEC7B438" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. torquatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents a different skull and its karyotype shows 2n = 44 and 46 (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FE289635FD12B4D8" author="Freitas TRO &amp; Lessa EP" box="[412,662,361,384]" journalOrPublisher="J Mamm" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="637 - 642" part="65" refId="ref3814" refString="Freitas TRO, Lessa EP (1984): Cytogenetics and morphology of Ctenomys torquatus (Rodentia-Octodontidae). J Mamm 65: 637 - 642." title="Cytogenetics and morphology of Ctenomys torquatus (Rodentia-Octodontidae)" type="journal article" year="1984">Freitas &amp; Lessa, 1984</bibRefCitation>
). The same occurs with 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FEAD96D5FE28B4F8" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[281,428,393,416]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flamarioni">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FEAD96D5FE28B4F8" box="[281,428,393,416]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. flamarioni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, characterized by a strong skull, white hair, and a very different karyotype (2n = 48). 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FD6196F5FCE0B498" baseAuthorityName="Freitas" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[725,868,425,448]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="flamarioni">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD6196F5FCE0B498" box="[725,868,425,448]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. flamarioni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FED49695FE5EB4B8" authorityName="Rusconi" authorityYear="1934" box="[352,474,457,480]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FED49695FE5EB4B8" box="[352,474,457,480]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both presenting 2n = 48 and belonging to the Mendocinus-group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FD9696B5FC8FB758" author="Travi VH &amp; Freitas TRO" box="[546,779,489,512]" journalOrPublisher="Ciencia e Cultura" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="771" part="36" refId="ref4387" refString="Travi VH, Freitas TRO (1984): Estudos citogeneticos e craniometricos de Ctenomys flamarioni e Ctenomys australis (Rodentia-Octodontidae). Ciencia e Cultura 36: 771" title="Estudos citogeneticos e craniometricos de Ctenomys flamarioni e Ctenomys australis (Rodentia-Octodontidae)" type="journal article" year="1984">Travi &amp; Freitas, 1984</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FCA196B5FE9CB778" author="Freitas TRO" journalOrPublisher="Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="193 - 198" part="67" refId="ref3720" refString="Freitas TRO (1994): Geographical variation of heterochromatin in Ctenomys flamarioni (Rodentia-Octodontidae) and its cytogenetic relationships with other species of the genus. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 67: 193 - 198." title="Geographical variation of heterochromatin in Ctenomys flamarioni (Rodentia-Octodontidae) and its cytogenetic relationships with other species of the genus" type="journal article" year="1994">Freitas, 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCDD96DFFADFFB6FF4A9575FDEBB1B8" blockId="7.[222,869,297,1248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FF4A9575FE49B718" author="Reig OA &amp; Busch C &amp; Ortells MO &amp; Contreras JR" bookContentInfo="Liss, New York" box="[254,461,553,576]" editor="Nevo E &amp; Reig OA" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="71 - 96" refId="ref4301" refString="Reig OA, Busch C, Ortells MO, Contreras JR (1990): An overview of evolution, systematics, population biology and speciation in Ctenomys. In: Nevo E, Reig OA, eds., Biology of Subterranean Mammals at the Organismal and Molecular Levels. Alan R. Liss, New York, pp. 71 - 96." title="An overview of evolution, systematics, population biology and speciation in Ctenomys" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Biology of Subterranean Mammals at the Organismal and Molecular Levels. Alan R" year="1990">Reig et al. (1990)</bibRefCitation>
supposed that the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FD4F9575FCE0B718" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[763,868,553,576]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD4F9575FCE0B718" box="[763,868,553,576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">Ctenomys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
originated in the Pliocene. Since 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FD8D9515FD2FB738" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[569,683,585,608]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD8D9515FD2FB738" box="[569,683,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a lower chromosome number than 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FE649535FDA4B7D8" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[464,544,617,640]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FE649535FDA4B7D8" box="[464,544,617,640]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and presents more rearrangements (
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FE9A95D5FE44B7F8" author="Freitas TRO" box="[302,448,649,672]" journalOrPublisher="Revta Bras de Genetica" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 7" part="20" refId="ref3789" refString="Freitas TRO (1997): Chromosome polymorphism in Ctenomys minutus (Rodentia-Octodontidae). Revta Bras de Genetica 20: 1 - 7." title="Chromosome polymorphism in Ctenomys minutus (Rodentia-Octodontidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Freitas, 1997</bibRefCitation>
), it can be deduced that 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FD7B95D5FC9BB7F8" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[719,799,649,672]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD7B95D5FC9BB7F8" box="[719,799,649,672]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the more ancient of these two species. This is enforced by results from 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FEA99595FD93B7B8" author="Villwock JA &amp; Tomazelli LJ &amp; Loss EL &amp; Dehnhardt EA &amp; Horn FNO &amp; Bachi FA &amp; Dehnhardt BA" bookContentInfo="Rotterdam" box="[285,535,713,736]" editor="Rabassa J &amp; Balkema AA" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" refId="ref4416" refString="Villwock JA, Tomazelli LJ, Loss EL, Dehnhardt EA, Horn FNO, Bachi FA, Dehnhardt BA (1986): Geology of the Rio Grande do Sul coastal province. In: Rabassa J, Balkema AA, eds., Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula. Rotterdam." title="Geology of the Rio Grande do Sul coastal province" type="book" volumeTitle="Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula" year="1986">Villwock et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
that show that the region of Coxilha das Lombas has been isolated since the beginning of the Pleistocene due to regressional and transgressional events of the coastline. 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FE259475FE64B618" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[401,480,809,832]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FE259475FE64B618" box="[401,480,809,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to this region, while 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FCF89475FEB6B638" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FCF89475FEB6B638" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species which occurs from Santa Catarina to Southern Rio Grande do Sul. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FD9C9435FD6FB6D8" author="Reig OA &amp; Contreras JR &amp; Piantanida MJ" box="[552,747,873,896]" journalOrPublisher="Contribuciones Cient Fac C Exactas y Nat Univ de Buenos Aires (Zool)" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="297 - 352" part="6" refId="ref4221" refString="Reig OA, Contreras JR, Piantanida MJ (1966): Contribucion a la elucidacion de la sistematica de las entidades del genero Ctenomys (Rodentia, Octodontidae). Contribuciones Cient Fac C Exactas y Nat Univ de Buenos Aires (Zool) 6: 297 - 352." title="Contribucion a la elucidacion de la sistematica de las entidades del genero Ctenomys (Rodentia, Octodontidae)" type="journal article" year="1966">Reig et al. (1966)</bibRefCitation>
stated that although displaying 2n = 50 (which is the 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FD1D94D5FC82B6F8" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[681,774,905,928]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
‘ 
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD0694D5FC82B6F8" box="[690,774,905,928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ cytogenetic pattern) the specimens collected in Santo Antonio da Patrulha showed large morphological differences in relation to other populations of 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FE6894B5FDB4B158" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[476,560,1001,1024]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FE6894B5FDB4B158" box="[476,560,1001,1024]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus, the forms considered to be 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FEA39355FEF0B178" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[279,372,1033,1056]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
‘ 
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FE949355FEF0B178" box="[288,372,1033,1056]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ by these authors could be different taxonomic entities. At the same location where these authors collected the specimens classified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FDA39315FDF0B138" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[535,628,1097,1120]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
‘ 
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD949315FDF0B138" box="[544,628,1097,1120]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, a karyotype occurs with 2n = 56; it is now classified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FDEA9335FD28B1D8" authorityName="Freitas" authorityYear="2010" box="[606,684,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lami">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FDEA9335FD28B1D8" box="[606,684,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. lami</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C72A2EEFFADFFB6FD0E9335FCA9B1D8" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1887" box="[698,813,1129,1152]" class="Mammalia" family="Ctenomyidae" genus="Ctenomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutus">
<emphasis id="B906057FFFADFFB6FD0E9335FCA9B1D8" box="[698,813,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="7">C. minutus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 2n = 50 was also observed by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFE3A49CFFADFFB6FDA193D5FD28B1F8" author="Freitas TRO" box="[533,684,1161,1184]" journalOrPublisher="Revta Bras de Genetica" pageId="7" pageNumber="7" pagination="1 - 7" part="20" refId="ref3789" refString="Freitas TRO (1997): Chromosome polymorphism in Ctenomys minutus (Rodentia-Octodontidae). Revta Bras de Genetica 20: 1 - 7." title="Chromosome polymorphism in Ctenomys minutus (Rodentia-Octodontidae)" type="journal article" year="1997">Freitas (1997)</bibRefCitation>
, but in Jaguaruna beach, Santa Catarina State about 300 km away to the northeast from Santo Antonio da Patrulha.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>