treatments-xml/data/03/D7/87/03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47.xml
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3690.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8670273-a22c-4b4a-972d-38a43cd66f86" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329811" ID-ZooBank="0874D336-BA8C-4266-AA50-633167C816F3" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1629874133667" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="PLANT, ADRIAN R." docDate="2013" docId="03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03690p098.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3690 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3690.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.10:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Hybos thaosaeo PLANT 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FFEEFFA8FFCBFFDDFF92FFB5FF99FF88" masterDocTitle="The genus Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotidae) in Thailand" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1679570708792" updateUser="felipe">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Hybos Meigen (Diptera: Empidoidea: Hybotidae) in Thailand</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>PLANT, ADRIAN R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2013-07-17</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3690</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>98</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3690.1.1</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3690.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c8670273-a22c-4b4a-972d-38a43cd66f86</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6329811</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">0874D336-BA8C-4266-AA50-633167C816F3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339136" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193889247" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6339136" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<subSubSection box="[151,443,553,579]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="71.[151,443,553,612]" box="[151,443,553,579]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,443,553,579]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" reason="4">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,443,553,579]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="8CDKQ" authority="PLANT, 2013" authorityName="PLANT" authorityYear="2013" box="[151,342,553,579]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaosaeo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,342,553,579]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Hybos thaosaeo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[349,443,553,579]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,435,588,612]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="71.[151,443,553,612]" box="[151,435,588,612]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
(
<figureCitation box="[159,316,588,612]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Figs 187193</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[327,371,588,612]" captionStart="FIGURES 269277" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[244,1325,201,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-80@89.[219,1367,165,1924]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 269277. Distribution of Hybos spp. in Thailand plotted at a resolution of 1° of latitude and longitude. 269. H. serratus Yang &amp; Yang. 270. H. shamshevi sp. nov. 271. H. sinclairi sp. nov. 272. H. songbai sp. nov. 273. H. steatopygus sp. nov. 274. H. stigmaticus sp. nov. 275. H. subapicalis sp. nov. 276. H. tetricus sp. nov. 277. H. thaosaeo sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329911/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">277</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[383,426,588,612]" captionStart="FIGURES 299306" captionStartId="94.[151,263,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[218,1370,188,1882]" captionTargetId="figure-81@94.[177,1410,165,1918]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="FIGURES 299306. Phenology of Hybos spp. monthly abundance (as % of total number of individuals captured) is plotted against month of capture. 299. H. steatopygus sp. nov. 300. H. stigmaticus sp. nov. 301. H. subapicalis sp. nov. 302. H. thaosaeo sp. nov. 303. H. thepkaisoni sp. nov. 304. H. tilokarati sp. nov. 305. H. xishuangbannaensis Yang &amp; Yang. 306. H. zhejiangensis Yang &amp; Yang." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329919" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329919/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">302</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="71.[151,1436,660,2005]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,324,660,685]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698642484" collectingDate="2009-04-03" collectingDateMax="2009-04-10" collectingDateMin="2009-04-03" collectingMethod="Malaise trap" collectionCode="QSBG" collectorName="Sirichai" country="Thailand" elevation="735" latitude="12.836284" location="Kaeng Krachan National Park" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.3448" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCode="T4693" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Petchaburi Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[330,488,660,685]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<typeStatus box="[330,488,660,685]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<specimenCount box="[495,516,661,684]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male"></specimenCount>
:
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,
<collectingRegion box="[688,916,660,684]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Petchaburi Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFC0DFD20FB69FD24" box="[927,1264,660,685]" country="Thailand" latitude="12.836284" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.3448" name="Kaeng Krachan National Park" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Petchaburi Province">Kaeng Krachan National Park</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFB69FD21FA01FD24" box="[1275,1432,660,684]" country="Thailand" latitude="12.836284" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.3448" name="km 33 / helipad" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Petchaburi Province">km33/helipad</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[151,295,696,720]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="50.177" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="12.836284">12°50.177'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[307,448,696,720]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="20.688" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="99.3448">99°20.688'E</geoCoordinate>
,
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<elevation box="[460,534,696,720]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="735.0">735 m</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate box="[547,695,696,720]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2009-04-03" valueMax="2009-04-10" valueMin="2009-04-03">310.iv.2009</collectingDate>
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,
<collectingMethod box="[707,850,696,720]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName box="[862,949,696,720]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Sirichai</collectorName>
[
<specimenCode box="[964,1042,696,720]" collectionCode="T" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">T4693</specimenCode>
] (
<collectionCode box="[1065,1145,696,720]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">QSBG</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1164,1328,695,720]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<typeStatus box="[1164,1328,695,720]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
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,
<specimenCount box="[1394,1429,697,720]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">7♀</specimenCount>
, same data as holotype,
<collectingDate box="[459,1309,732,756]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<date box="[459,608,732,756]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2009-01-18" valueMax="2009-01-25" valueMin="2009-01-18">1825.i.2009</date>
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,
<date box="[804,958,732,756]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2009-05-11" valueMax="2009-05-18" valueMin="2009-05-11">1118.v.2009</date>
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<date box="[981,1135,732,756]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2009-05-18" valueMax="2009-05-25" valueMin="2009-05-18">1825.v.2009</date>
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<date box="[1159,1309,732,756]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2009-06-08" valueMax="2009-06-15" valueMin="2009-06-08">815.vi.2009</date>
</collectingDate>
;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698642551" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<specimenCount box="[1333,1368,732,756]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[1394,1429,732,756]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFF05FCB5FEBEFC90" box="[151,295,768,792]" country="Thailand" latitude="12.826633" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.363785" name="Panernthung" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Petchaburi Province">Panernthung</location>
/km30,
<geoCoordinate box="[388,533,768,792]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="49.598" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="12.826633">12°49.598'N</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
<date box="[718,868,768,792]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-09-05" valueMax="2008-09-12" valueMin="2008-09-05">
<collectingDate box="[718,868,768,792]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-09-05" valueMax="2008-09-12" valueMin="2008-09-05">512.ix.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698642435" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<specimenCount box="[891,926,768,792]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFC25FCB5FB65FC90" box="[951,1276,768,792]" country="Thailand" latitude="12.823611" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="99.365" name="Phanoen Thung Substation" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Petchaburi Province">Phanoen Thung Substation</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[1298,1432,768,792]" degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="25" value="12.823611">12°49'25''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[151,280,804,828]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="15" seconds="54" value="99.365">99°21'54''E</geoCoordinate>
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<quantity box="[292,364,804,828]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="660.0">
<elevation box="[292,364,804,828]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="660.0">660 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date box="[375,499,804,828]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-06-27">
<collectingDate box="[375,499,804,828]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-06-27">27.vi.2008</collectingDate>
</date>
:
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698642554" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<specimenCount box="[509,544,804,828]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[557,607,804,828]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">10♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion box="[620,982,804,828]" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Si Thammarat" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Nakhon Si Thammarat Province</collectingRegion>
,
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, TV aerial,
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<elevation box="[455,532,840,864]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.66" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="966.0">966 m</elevation>
</quantity>
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<collectingDate isEnumeration="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<date box="[549,706,840,864]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-07-07" valueMax="2008-07-14" valueMin="2008-07-07">714.vii.2008</date>
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<date box="[912,1090,840,864]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-08-11" valueMax="2008-08-18" valueMin="2008-08-11">1118.viii.2008</date>
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<date box="[1107,1286,840,864]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-08-18" valueMax="2008-08-25" valueMin="2008-08-18">1825.viii.2008</date>
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<date box="[1303,1431,840,864]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-10-01" valueMax="2008-10-08" valueMin="2008-10-01">18.x.2008</date>
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<date box="[151,308,876,900]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-10-15" valueMax="2008-10-22" valueMin="2008-10-15">1522.x.2008</date>
,
<date box="[320,464,876,900]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-12-01" valueMax="2008-12-08" valueMin="2008-12-01">18.xii.2008</date>
</collectingDate>
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;
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<specimenCount box="[477,513,876,900]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[528,576,876,900]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">11♀</specimenCount>
, hill evergreen forest,
<geoCoordinate box="[834,963,876,900]" degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="13.513" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="8.225217">8°13.513'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[976,1117,876,900]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="48.252" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="99.8042">99°48.252'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[1130,1204,876,900]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="435.0">435 m</quantity>
,
<date box="[1217,1382,876,900]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008-11-11" valueMax="2008-11-12" valueMin="2008-11-11">1112.xi.2008</date>
:
</materialsCitation>
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<specimenCount box="[1394,1429,876,900]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion box="[151,307,912,936]" country="Thailand" name="Nan" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Nan Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality box="[320,635,912,936]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Doi Phu Kha National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFD15FC25FD57FC20" box="[647,718,912,936]" country="Thailand" latitude="19.205816" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.07695" municipality="Doi Phu Kha National Park" name="Office" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Nan">Office</location>
6,
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,
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,
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,
<date box="[1166,1331,912,936]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-09-22" valueMax="2007-09-29" valueMin="2007-09-22">
<collectingDate box="[1166,1331,912,936]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-09-22" valueMax="2007-09-29" valueMin="2007-09-22">2229.ix.2007</collectingDate>
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;
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698642543" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<specimenCount box="[1344,1379,912,936]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[1394,1429,912,936]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFF05FC01FF47FC44" box="[151,222,948,972]" country="Thailand" latitude="19.209366" longLatPrecision="8" longitude="101.08217" name="Office" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Nan">Office</location>
4,
<geoCoordinate box="[263,407,948,972]" degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="12.562" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="19.209366">19°12.562'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[422,548,948,972]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="4.93" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="9" value="101.08217">101°4.93'E</geoCoordinate>
,
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<elevation box="[563,653,948,972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.374" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="1374.0">1374 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date box="[668,805,948,972]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-09-01" valueMax="2007-09-08" valueMin="2007-09-01">
<collectingDate box="[668,805,948,972]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-09-01" valueMax="2007-09-08" valueMin="2007-09-01">18.ix.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
:
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698642458" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<specimenCount box="[819,854,948,972]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount box="[871,906,948,972]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion box="[923,1171,948,972]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Chiang Mai Province</collectingRegion>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFB30FC01FF75FC78" country="Thailand" longitude="98.86603" name="Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Chiang Mai">Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[251,405,984,1008]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">18°53'67.5''N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[419,571,984,1008]" degrees="98" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" seconds="57.7" value="98.86603">98°51'57.7''E</geoCoordinate>
,
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<elevation box="[585,661,984,1008]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate box="[677,997,984,1008]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<date box="[677,831,984,1008]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-05-22" valueMax="2007-05-28" valueMin="2007-05-22">2228.v.2007</date>
,
<date box="[846,997,984,1008]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-06-04" valueMax="2007-06-12" valueMin="2007-06-04">412.vi.2007</date>
</collectingDate>
:
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3698642426" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<specimenCount box="[1012,1047,984,1008]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion box="[1064,1371,984,1008]" country="Thailand" name="Kamphaeng Phet" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Kamphaeng Phet Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mae Wong National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D787D0FF8CFF94FF05FD9CFD6AFE47:8EA1601DFF8CFF9AFE1BFC49FD90FB9C" box="[393,521,1020,1044]" country="Thailand" latitude="16.086866" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="99.1096" municipality="Mae Wong National Park" name="Chong Yen" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Kamphaeng Phet">Chong Yen</location>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[532,662,1020,1044]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="5.212" orientation="latitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="16.086866">16°5.212'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate box="[674,800,1020,1044]" degrees="99" direction="east" minutes="6.576" orientation="longitude" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" precision="1" value="99.1096">99°6.576'E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity box="[812,899,1020,1044]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3059999999999998" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="1306.0">
<elevation box="[812,899,1020,1044]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3059999999999998" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="m" value="1306.0">1306 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date box="[911,1072,1020,1044]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-09-17" valueMax="2007-09-24" valueMin="2007-09-17">
<collectingDate box="[911,1072,1020,1044]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2007-09-17" valueMax="2007-09-24" valueMin="2007-09-17">1724.ix.2007</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode box="[1087,1163,1020,1044]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">QSBG</collectionCode>
and
<collectionCode box="[1218,1313,1020,1044]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="Museum">NMWC</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="71.[151,1436,660,2005]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1056,1080]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species is named from the Thai
<emphasis box="[748,865,1056,1080]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">thao sa-eo</emphasis>
(with arms set akimbo) in fanciful reference to the two widely spaced apical processes of the left surstylus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="71.[151,1436,660,2005]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,321,1127,1152]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species with antennal stylus bare and legs black except for the mid and hind tibiae and with front tibia blackish yellow with a paler base. Distinct ventral bristles are present near the base of both the front and mid metatarsi. Mid tibia near middle with a very long bristle dorsally and another ventrally just beyond it.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="71.[151,1436,660,2005]" lastBlockId="72.[151,1437,151,838]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,344,1236,1261]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[354,411,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Male</emphasis>
: body length
<quantity box="[575,716,1236,1260]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" unit="mm" value="3.85" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="3.2">3.24.5 mm</quantity>
.
<emphasis box="[730,791,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Head</emphasis>
subshining black, dusted greyish; face black, yellowish below; postocular occipital setae black to brownish, some pale bristles on lower occiput. Antenna greyish black; postpedicel slightly paler, ovate in lateral view, ~2.02.5X long as wide, lacking dorsal seta; stylus bare, ~56X long as postpedicel, apical 0.2 narrower, whitish in some lights. Mouthparts blackish, palpus very narrow, with 2 distinct fine bristles apically.
<emphasis box="[480,561,1380,1404]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Thorax</emphasis>
with ground colour black, subshining with vaguely bluish reflections; pleurae paler, dark yellowish black; yellowish on postalar callus, scutellum narrowly at base and postpronotal lobe very narrowly on outer edge; scutum subshining, thinly and uniformly covered with greyish dust, more strongly dusted on prescutellar area and pleura; acr 24-serial, fine and hair-like; dc uniserial, similar to acr but posterior dc and acr before prescutellar area strong; 2 almost equally long npl, 1 strong pa and 2 apical sct with several fine, pale, marginal hairs.
<emphasis box="[330,383,1561,1584]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Legs</emphasis>
with coxae and femora black; T
<subScript attach="left" box="[761,769,1575,1589]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2</subScript>
yellow; T
<subScript attach="left" box="[889,897,1575,1589]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">3</subScript>
yellow, somewhat darker on distal 0.30.6; T
<subScript attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1575,1589]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1</subScript>
yellowish black, rather paler basally; mid and posterior tarsi clear yellow, becoming darker on distal segments; anterior tarsi rather darker than other legs. Coxae with hairs and bristles whitish. F
<subScript attach="left" box="[1069,1077,1650,1664]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1</subScript>
with ventral fringe of pale hairs very fine, inconspicuous, shorter than limb is deep. F
<subScript attach="left" box="[761,769,1689,1703]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2</subScript>
very slightly concave about middle viewed from above; a few fine setae anteriorly near base and ~23 short dark bristles anterodorsally near tip, otherwise short-haired. F
<subScript attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1727,1741]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">3</subScript>
moderately inflated, widest 0.60.8 from base were ~2X wide as at base; ventral spines comprising av row of 79 strong bristles as long as limb is deep behind which are 1112 somewhat shorter bristles; pv fringe with 23 strong black bristles on distal 0.3, continued basally by shorter yellowish hairs; with ~5 strong black curved slightly proclinate bristles anteriorly on distal 0.5. T
<subScript attach="left" box="[643,651,1874,1888]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1</subScript>
with 1 distinct fine bristle dorsally at 0.7 from base and a few smaller outstanding setae posteriorly on distal 0.3; apical circlet weakly developed except 1 dorsal seta ~0.4X long as MT
<subScript attach="left" box="[1421,1429,1913,1927]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">1</subScript>
. T
<subScript attach="left" box="[168,176,1952,1966]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2</subScript>
with 1 long somewhat proclinate bristle 0.7 X long as limb dorsally at 0.30.4 and 1 bristle ventrally at 0.5 from base; apical circlet of ~7 strong setae, including 2 ventrally and anteroventrally 0.5 and 0.7X long as MT
<subScript attach="left" box="[1386,1394,1991,2005]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">2</subScript>
. T
<subScript attach="left" box="[1428,1436,1991,2005]" fontSize="6" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">3</subScript>
slightly swollen distally, strong bristles dorsally at 0.5 and 0.6 and anteriorly at 0.80.9; apical circlet with only 1 dorsal and 1 av strongly developed. Anterior and mid tarsi with pair of fine but distinct dorsal hairs apically on segments 1 and 2; MT
<subScript attach="left" box="[419,427,239,253]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1</subScript>
and MT
<subScript attach="left" box="[532,540,239,253]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">2</subScript>
with strong ventral bristle at base; MT
<subScript attach="left" box="[1007,1015,239,253]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">3</subScript>
with 3 short spines ventrally.
<emphasis box="[1378,1435,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Wing</emphasis>
membrane distinctly brownish, veins brown; stigma faint, reaching costa 0.60.7 distance between end of R
<subScript attach="left" box="[1379,1387,278,292]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1</subScript>
and R
<subScript attach="left" box="[169,193,317,331]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">2+3</subScript>
. Squamae with pale fringes. Halter white, with darker stem.
<emphasis box="[885,991,301,325]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Abdomen</emphasis>
brownish black with somewhat bronze reflections, strongly dusted; setae whitish or slightly yellowish brown, longest laterally on posterior margins of tergites 13. Terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[450,613,376,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 187191</figureCitation>
) black, epandrial lamellae with fine apical bristles (
<figureCitation box="[1243,1348,376,400]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 187</figureCitation>
). Right epandrial lamella with short pointed apical process. Left surstylus (
<figureCitation box="[933,1095,412,436]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 187, 191</figureCitation>
) bilobed; upper (dorsal) lobe broad with blunt tip; lower lobe narrower. Right surstylus (
<figureCitation box="[807,962,448,472]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 189, 190</figureCitation>
) elongate, curving ventrally and inwardly. Hypandrium (
<figureCitation box="[314,415,484,508]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 188</figureCitation>
) with short subapical spine and several irregularly shaped, yellowish black subapical processes originating from inner face.
<emphasis box="[595,679,520,544]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Female</emphasis>
: Differing from male as follows. T
<subScript attach="left" box="[1089,1097,535,549]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">1</subScript>
and T
<subScript attach="left" box="[1173,1181,535,549]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">2</subScript>
with dorsal setae less strongly developed; T
<subScript attach="left" box="[400,408,574,588]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">3</subScript>
lacking distinct anterior bristle at 0.80.9 from base. F
<subScript attach="left" box="[1038,1046,574,588]" fontSize="6" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">3</subScript>
less strongly inflated, only ~1.5X deep as at base; number of ventral spines variable but less numerous (only ~
<quantity box="[1001,1099,598,622]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="2.794" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" unit="in" value="15.0" valueMax="19.0" valueMin="11.0">1119 in</quantity>
total); pv fringe fine and hairlike throughout, with at most only 1 black bristle apically; only 1 strong, black, curved, slightly proclinate bristle anteriorly at 0.80.9. Abdomen somewhat paler, brownish, with all setae shorter. Terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[1212,1370,670,694]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Figs 192, 193</figureCitation>
) with tergite 8 black, strongly sclerotized, encircling abdomen, almost completely divided dorsally. Sternite 8 white, rather irregularly protuberant (
<figureCitation box="[499,598,742,766]" captionStart="FIGURES 187193" captionStartId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" captionTargetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-403@72.[150,1436,891,1824]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="FIGURES 187193. Hybos thaosaeo sp n. 187. ♂ terminalia, dorsal view. 188. hypandrium, ventral view. 189190. right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella. 189. oblique lateral view of outer face. 190. oblique lateral view of inner face. 191. left surstylus, dorsal view. 192193. ♀ terminalia. 192. lateral view. 193. dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Fig. 192</figureCitation>
), very weakly sclerotized, membranous, ventrally with pair of ill defined membranous tubercles; left tubercle only with very small black patch of more strongly sclerotized tissue (sometimes divided into 2 parts) apically. Sternite 10 small, pilose.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329889" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6329889" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329889/files/figure.png" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" startId="72.[151,263,1845,1868]" targetBox="[181,1405,908,1804]" targetPageId="72">
<paragraph blockId="72.[151,1437,1845,1959]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,368,1845,1868]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">FIGURES 187193.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="PLANT" authorityYear="2013" box="[377,542,1845,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaosaeo">
<emphasis box="[377,542,1845,1867]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Hybos thaosaeo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[552,659,1845,1868]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">sp n. 187.</emphasis>
♂ terminalia, dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[949,993,1845,1868]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">188.</emphasis>
hypandrium, ventral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1284,1379,1845,1868]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">189190.</emphasis>
right surstylus and apex of right epandrial lamella.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[624,669,1875,1898]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">189.</emphasis>
oblique lateral view of outer face.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1034,1078,1875,1898]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">190.</emphasis>
oblique lateral view of inner face.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,195,1906,1929]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">191.</emphasis>
left surstylus, dorsal view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[471,567,1906,1929]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">192193.</emphasis>
♀ terminalia.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[713,757,1906,1929]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">192.</emphasis>
lateral view.
<emphasis bold="true" box="[892,937,1906,1929]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">193.</emphasis>
dorsal view. S8= sternite 8, S10 = sternite 10, T8 = tergite 8.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="73.[151,1436,151,463]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,335,151,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="PLANT, 2013" authorityName="PLANT" authorityYear="2013" box="[342,523,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaosaeo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[342,523,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Hybos thaosaeo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[531,621,152,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[531,621,152,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName authority="PLANT, 2013" authorityName="PLANT" authorityYear="2013" box="[827,952,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kaluang" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[827,952,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">H. kaluang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[960,1050,152,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[960,1050,152,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and the differences between them are discussed in the account of that species.
<taxonomicName authority="PLANT, 2013" authorityName="PLANT" authorityYear="2013" box="[643,822,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Hybotidae" genus="Hybos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thaosaeo" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[643,822,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Hybos thaosaeo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[829,918,188,212]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[829,918,188,212]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is widely distributed in
<collectingCountry box="[1189,1289,188,212]" name="Thailand" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation box="[1304,1400,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 269277" captionStartId="89.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[244,1325,201,1898]" captionTargetId="figure-80@89.[219,1367,165,1924]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="FIGURES 269277. Distribution of Hybos spp. in Thailand plotted at a resolution of 1° of latitude and longitude. 269. H. serratus Yang &amp; Yang. 270. H. shamshevi sp. nov. 271. H. sinclairi sp. nov. 272. H. songbai sp. nov. 273. H. steatopygus sp. nov. 274. H. stigmaticus sp. nov. 275. H. subapicalis sp. nov. 276. H. tetricus sp. nov. 277. H. thaosaeo sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6329911" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6329911/files/figure.png" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Fig. 277</figureCitation>
) in low to mid elevation forests from
<quantity box="[533,684,223,247]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.135" metricValueMax="13.74" metricValueMin="4.529999999999999" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" unit="m" value="913.5" valueMax="1374.0" valueMin="453.0">4531,374 m</quantity>
. It has been recorded from the Luang Prabang, Thanon Thongchai, Tenasserim and
<collectingRegion box="[336,595,260,284]" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Si Thammarat" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Nakhon Si Thammarat</collectingRegion>
ranges. Locality data suggest a preference for dry evergreen and perhaps also lower elevation zones of hill evergreen forest. Adults are most numerous during the wet season between May and September but have been found in all months of the year except February and March at the height of the dry season. The asymmetric apical sclerotization of only the left of the paired membranous tubercles on sternite 8 of the female is remarkable. The strength and pattern of sclerotization varies somewhat but is consistently present and asymmetrical although its function remains unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>