308 lines
37 KiB
XML
308 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="6C8FA7DD24173B806CC51B8E0CB178C7" ID-CLB-Dataset="32709" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="481fc51c-1277-4486-b6e2-97c838ce7cac" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="829131" ID-ZooBank="22D2C6B3-4198-46B3-834D-2B72FCB4F1C7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500110866484" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wang, Xu, He, Zhiqiang & Wei, Cong" docDate="2017" docId="03CA87D4253AFFACFF39E1937BEFFDF1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4290.2.6.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4290 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Psalmocharias akesensis Wang, He & Wei, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="369" masterDocId="FFF3FFAC2538FFAFFFAEE1047938FFE9" masterDocTitle="A new cicada species of Psalmocharias Kirkaldy feeding on an Ephedra plant from China (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)" masterLastPageNumber="372" masterPageNumber="367" pageNumber="369" updateTime="1698465418407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="3EE05789B5AD8C0CA82EC0DFA90F416F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C6596D7BB9F319F0F3218B19A8C83F68">
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<mods:title id="8E59E9AEA00F79BC69897E5A99A68678">A new cicada species of Psalmocharias Kirkaldy feeding on an Ephedra plant from China (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="3908AB860BAAA9A6C93BAC95EB120B87" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2827D24A51FCBE5C3F0DA5E2618B4F46">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="09B549D6FBEF20939E78316170524C0D">Wang, Xu</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B1EDFA27880DC60727F0CAD8A626EDDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="51B64B96B6B476A43324C9093EF95485">He, Zhiqiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5C02D4F9E38F736A6C173DD3749A1AD9" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="227C8994E4EC5482998651C63D417D99">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B6833C519B5662148659FFDB079EBFD0">Wei, Cong</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C682642E2E5D3791D996A1ACC48B9D9B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C906421F49FB6B9DB6D2B6BB5B7888EA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6FFAF0381DB7ACD632A405E4116BC87E">
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<mods:date id="053527121533A161F6210B40E1D57F9F">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B9A499A002F9FA6FFB0B0555940F6559">4290</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2A20FB889707CB954267A9D538FE1B0A">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="934B4E7D975836FED55C27C168FF72C7" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4290.2.6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="EDFB959CF0488358F2A5E1F52594601B" type="GBIF-Dataset">481fc51c-1277-4486-b6e2-97c838ce7cac</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="21D11DB7F9C61970FE7653991CDA55C4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03CA87D4253AFFACFF39E1937BEFFDF1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6023659" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132549413" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6023659" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87D4253AFFACFF39E1937BEFFDF1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA87D4253AFFACFF39E1937BEFFDF1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFADFF39E19379C1FF3D" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF39E1937B2EFF59" blockId="2.[151,534,151,213]" box="[151,534,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<heading id="D09481AE253AFFADFF39E1937B2EFF59" bold="true" box="[151,534,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF39E1937B2EFF59" bold="true" box="[151,534,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFF39E193788EFF59" ID-CoL="4NB2Z" box="[151,438,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Psalmocharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akesensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF39E193788EFF59" bold="true" box="[151,438,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Psalmocharias akesensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457AB253AFFADFE13E1937B2EFF59" box="[445,534,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF39E1B879C1FF3D" blockId="2.[151,534,151,213]" box="[151,249,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFF39E1B879C1FF3D" box="[151,249,188,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1142,1164]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox-0="[193,1389,606,1816]" captionTargetBox-1="[212,1381,201,1112]" captionTargetBox-2="[197,1390,1254,1576]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[188,1398,591,1826]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[188,1398,193,1120]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[188,1398,1244,1584]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male, holotype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. abdomen, ventral view; E. left foreleg, showing the spines on fore femur; F. male pygofer, ventral view G. male pygofer, lateral view; H. aedeagus with apex enlarged showing the spines, lateral view; I. clasper, ventral view." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (female, paratype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. female terminalia, lateral view; D. female terminalia, ventral view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male). A, B & C. head and thorax, dorsal view, showing intraspecific variability on mesonotum." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/829133/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/829135/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/829137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFADFF39E0007C65FEA9" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF39E0007C65FEA9" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<materialsCitation id="3B0B3C9F253AFFADFF39E0007B98FEA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326018" collectingDate="2016-05-17" collectionCode="NWAFU" collectorName="Tiansheng Zhu & Ping Zhang" country="China" county="Wensu County" location="Akesu City" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF39E000787DFEF4" bold="true" box="[151,325,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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<typeStatus id="54D88860253AFFADFF39E00079EAFEF4" box="[151,210,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="54D88860253AFFADFEE2E0007881FEF4" box="[332,441,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFE6AE00178E1FEF5" box="[452,473,261,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE07253AFFADFE49E0007B69FEF5" box="[487,593,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">NWAFU</collectionCode>
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),
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||
<collectingCountry id="F3747652253AFFADFDCBE0007B94FEF4" box="[613,684,260,285]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">China</collectingCountry>
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||
:
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<collectingCounty id="62BD4E4E253AFFADFD19E0017A65FEF5" box="[695,861,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Wensu County</collectingCounty>
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,
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||
<location id="8EBC6019253AFFADFCC6E0007AD0FEF4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA87D4253AFFACFF39E1937BEFFDF1:8EBC6019253AFFADFCC6E0007AD0FEF4" box="[872,1000,260,285]" country="China" county="Wensu County" name="Akesu City" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur">Akesu City</location>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F820253AFFADFC5AE0007D9DFEF4" box="[1012,1189,260,285]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Xinjiang Uygur</collectingRegion>
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Autonomous Region,
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<collectingDate id="EF99E9EA253AFFADFF39E0237834FEA9" box="[151,268,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" value="2016-05-17">
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||
<date id="FFDD1002253AFFADFF39E0237834FEA9" box="[151,268,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" value="2016-05-17">17.V.2016</date>
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||
</collectingDate>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="26965314253AFFADFEE1E02378CFFEA9" box="[335,503,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Tiansheng Zhu</collectorName>
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&
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<collectorName id="26965314253AFFADFDB5E0237B98FEA9" box="[539,672,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Ping Zhang</collectorName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3C9F253AFFADFD05E02C7C61FEA9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326017" box="[683,1369,295,320]" collectingDate="2016-05-17" collectionCode="NWAFU" collectorName="Tiansheng Zhu & Ping Zhang" country="China" county="Wensu County" location="Akesu City" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" specimenCount="48" specimenCount-female="11" specimenCount-male="37" stateProvince="Xinjiang Uygur" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="54D88860253AFFADFD05E02C7A24FEA9" box="[683,796,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFC88E02C7A57FEA9" box="[806,879,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">37♂♂</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFCD4E02C7A92FEA9" box="[890,938,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">11♀</specimenCount>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="ED72AE07253AFFADFC17E02C7D1BFEA9" box="[953,1059,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">NWAFU</collectionCode>
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||
), same data as the
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||
<typeStatus id="54D88860253AFFADFB5DE0237C61FEA9" box="[1267,1369,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFADFF69E0487A15FE39" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E0487A15FE39" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF69E04878DDFE8C" bold="true" box="[199,485,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
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Measurements of
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<typeStatus id="54D88860253AFFADFE09E04878DDFE8C" box="[423,485,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">types</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFE55E0487B7CFE8D" box="[507,580,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">16♂♂</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFDFBE0487B42FE8D" box="[597,634,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
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; in mm). Body length:
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFC33E0487A88FE8D" box="[925,944,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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23.1–26.4,
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFB98E0487D7CFE8D" box="[1078,1092,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
23.5–25.8; fore wing length:
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFF39E0747992FE61" box="[151,170,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
25.0–29.7,
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFE83E0747803FE61" box="[301,315,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
25.7–28.9; fore wing width:
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFD23E0747B98FE61" box="[653,672,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
10.2–11.6,
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<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFC8CE0747A08FE61" box="[802,816,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
10.9–11.8;
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFC19E0747AF2FE61" box="[951,970,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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||
width of head including eyes:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFA82E0747C07FE61" box="[1324,1343,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
6.0–7.2,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFF39E090799DFE45" box="[151,165,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
6.8–7.5; pronotum width (including pronotal collar):
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFC8AE0907A00FE45" box="[804,824,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
8.3–10.3,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFC01E0907A85FE45" box="[943,957,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
10.4–11.4; mesonotum width:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFA82E0907C07FE45" box="[1324,1343,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
6.8–8.0,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFF39E0BC799EFE39" box="[151,166,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
8.1–8.5; expanse of forewings:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFDA3E0BC7B18FE39" box="[525,544,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
54.9–64.0;
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||
<specimenCount id="9D65FD4B253AFFADFD0FE0BC7B97FE39" box="[673,687,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
58.5–63.3.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFADFF69E0D87AB7FE1C" box="[199,911,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E0D87AB7FE1C" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" box="[199,911,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF69E0D87876FE1C" bold="true" box="[199,334,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species name is derived from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D88860253AFFADFD50E0D97A16FE1C" box="[766,814,477,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFADFF69E0FB7AA9F9E1" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E0FB7C19FD41" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF69E0FB7881FDF1" bold="true" box="[199,441,511,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Description of male.</emphasis>
|
||
Head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFDA2E0FB7B72FDF1" box="[524,586,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[193,1389,606,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,591,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male, holotype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. abdomen, ventral view; E. left foreleg, showing the spines on fore femur; F. male pygofer, ventral view G. male pygofer, lateral view; H. aedeagus with apex enlarged showing the spines, lateral view; I. clasper, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829133/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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||
A–C) narrower than mesonotum. Generally black with longitudinal central yellow fascia and two pairs of irregularly shaped yellow fasciae on posterior margins of head. Eyes dark brown, ocelli red. Supra-antennal plates yellow. Postclypeus black, with series of transverse fasciae yellow. Anteclypeus black. Rostrum yellow, with black apex extending to mid trochanter. Genae yellow, with dense, long silvery hairs. Distance between lateral ocellus and corresponding eye about as long as distance between lateral ocelli.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E3B07D48FC69" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFE82E3B07848FD25" box="[300,368,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[193,1389,606,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,591,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male, holotype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. abdomen, ventral view; E. left foreleg, showing the spines on fore femur; F. male pygofer, ventral view G. male pygofer, lateral view; H. aedeagus with apex enlarged showing the spines, lateral view; I. clasper, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829133/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A–C). Pronotum yellow, distinctly longer than head; inner area mostly yellow, with black longitudinal fasciae on either side of midline which are dilated anteriorly; two small posterior median fused black spots anterior to pronotal collar. Fissures light brown. Pronotal collar yellow with black markings along anterolateral margins. Mesonotum yellow with following black markings: pair of large fasciae on parapsidal sutures; pair of medial fascia surrounding scutal depression; pair of longitudinal fasciae along lateral sigilla. Cruciform elevation yellow. Thoracic sternites yellow, covered with dense golden hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E28979CBFC04" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFEA0E2887877FC4D" box="[270,335,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[193,1389,606,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,591,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male, holotype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. abdomen, ventral view; E. left foreleg, showing the spines on fore femur; F. male pygofer, ventral view G. male pygofer, lateral view; H. aedeagus with apex enlarged showing the spines, lateral view; I. clasper, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829133/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E). Yellow with black patches. Fore femur with three spines; primary spine pointed apically and oblique to femur; secondary spine large, erected and pointed; subapical spine shorter than secondary spine and pointed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E2F3781CFBB1" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Wings (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFEB1E2F37866FBF9" box="[287,350,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[193,1389,606,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,591,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male, holotype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. abdomen, ventral view; E. left foreleg, showing the spines on fore femur; F. male pygofer, ventral view G. male pygofer, lateral view; H. aedeagus with apex enlarged showing the spines, lateral view; I. clasper, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829133/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Hyaline, with 8 and 6 apical cells on fore wing and hind wing, respectively; veins yellow to ochraceous. Fore wing and hind wing with distinct, continuous infuscations on basal veins of apical cells 1–3, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E5607B0FFAE4" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFEE8E56078BEFB95" box="[326,390,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[193,1389,606,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,591,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male, holotype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. abdomen, ventral view; E. left foreleg, showing the spines on fore femur; F. male pygofer, ventral view G. male pygofer, lateral view; H. aedeagus with apex enlarged showing the spines, lateral view; I. clasper, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829133/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B, D). Covered with silvery hairs. Tergites II and III black; tergites IV–VIII yellow with black markings medially. Timbal covers yellow to ochraceous, short and incomplete, with white short pile; timbals with eight long ribs and seven intercalary ribs. Opercula yellow, rounded, strongly oblique posteriorly, just extending beyond posterior margin of sternite II. Abdominal sternites ochraceous with yellow posterior margins, and covered with dense silvery hairs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E4137AF6FA74" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFEEDE41378BFFAD9" box="[323,391,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[193,1389,606,1816]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,591,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male, holotype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. head and thorax, dorsal view; D. abdomen, ventral view; E. left foreleg, showing the spines on fore femur; F. male pygofer, ventral view G. male pygofer, lateral view; H. aedeagus with apex enlarged showing the spines, lateral view; I. clasper, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829133/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F–I). Pygofer rounded in ventral view. Dorsal beak long, pointed apically. Upper lobes moderately developed, rounded. Basal lobes undeveloped. Median uncal lobe short and rectangular, with apex truncated. Claspers deeply divided into two arms, recurving to sharp point apically. Aedeagus cylindrical, apex membranous, with two long straight spines and three short curved spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E4A37AA9F9E1" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF69E4A378F0FA29" bold="true" box="[199,456,1447,1472]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Description of female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFE77E4A37B18FA29" box="[473,544,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1142,1164]" captionTargetBox="[212,1381,201,1112]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1398,193,1120]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (female, paratype). A. habitus, dorsal view; B. habitus, ventral view; C. female terminalia, lateral view; D. female terminalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829135/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Opercula scarcely developed. Abdominal segment VII with posterior margin incised at middle. Abdominal segment IX yellow, with black marking in lateral view. Ovipositor sheath black, not extending beyond dorsal beak. Other characteristics similar to male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFADFF69E7107BCFF9C4" box="[199,759,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E7107BCFF9C4" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" box="[199,759,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF69E7107873F9C4" bold="true" box="[199,331,1556,1581]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFEFCE7107BCFF9C4" authority="Schrenk ex Mey." authorityName="Schrenk ex Mey." box="[338,759,1556,1581]" class="Gnetopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephedrales" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFEFCE7107B0BF9C4" box="[338,563,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Ephedra intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
Schrenk ex Mey.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFADFF69E7337B15F9B9" box="[199,557,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E7337B15F9B9" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" box="[199,557,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF69E7337858F9B9" bold="true" box="[199,352,1591,1616]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3747652253AFFADFEC9E7337892F9B9" box="[359,426,1591,1616]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A7F820253AFFADFE17E7337B1AF9B9" box="[441,546,1591,1616]" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Xinjiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3796549253AFFACFF69E7587BEFFDF1" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFADFF69E7587C2DF8A5" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFF69E7587803F99C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Intraspecific variability of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFDC5E7597BD4F99C" box="[619,748,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Psalmocharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akesensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFDC5E7597BD4F99C" box="[619,748,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">P. akesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457AB253AFFADFD58E7587A77F99C" box="[758,847,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFD58E7587A77F99C" bold="true" box="[758,847,1628,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
mainly occurs on markings on mesonotum of males. Two pairs of black fasciae on anterior margins and posterior margins of mesonotum are transitional (small-sized– medium-sized–large-sized) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFE74E7A07B1AF955" box="[474,546,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[197,1390,1254,1576]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[188,1398,1244,1584]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. (male). A, B & C. head and thorax, dorsal view, showing intraspecific variability on mesonotum." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829137/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). This new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFC0AE7A17D23F954" box="[932,1051,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="querula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFC0AE7A17A8AF955" box="[932,946,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFC6AE7A07D23F954" box="[964,1051,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">querula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can be distinguished by the following characters: abdominal sternites ochraceous with yellow posterior margins (abdominal sternites black with reddish brown posterior margins in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFDD5E7E97BCAF8EC" box="[635,754,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="querula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFDD5E7E97BCAF8EC" box="[635,754,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">P. querula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); male median uncal lobe short, lesser than 1/3 length of pygofer (male median uncal lobe long, about as long as 1/3 length of pygofer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFB97E6157D95F8C1" box="[1081,1197,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="querula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFB97E6157D95F8C1" box="[1081,1197,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">P. querula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); aedeagus with two long straight spines and three short spines apically (aedeagus with seven spines apically in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFB3FE6317C3CF8A4" box="[1169,1284,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="querula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFB3FE6317C3CF8A4" box="[1169,1284,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">P. querula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDC36C2253AFFACFF69E6537BEFFDF1" blockId="2.[151,1437,260,2013]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="370" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">
|
||
Adults of this new species are emerged in the middle of May at densities as great as 50–100 individuals/plant (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13582A47253AFFADFF31E67879DFF87D" box="[159,231,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,616,638]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,201,586]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,195,594]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Host plant and habitat of Psalmocharias akesensis sp. nov. A. host plant with cicadas feeding on the twigs; B. habitat; C. a cicada perching on the host plant." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829139/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is a truly amazing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFE5AE6787B07F87C" box="[500,575,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">cicada</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because it was found exclusively feeding on the medicinal plant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253AFFADFA92E6787828F850" class="Gnetopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephedrales" pageId="2" pageNumber="369" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253AFFADFA92E6787828F850" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="369">Ephedra intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Plants of this genus are important natural herbs and well known for containing various medicinally active alkaloids (notably ephedrine) which stimulate the central nervous system, influence muscle contraction of animals, and are widely used in preparations for the treatment of some diseases (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B33253BFFACFB9CE1937DC4FF59" author="Miao" box="[1074,1276,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" refString="Miao, Y. R., Yang, Q. H., Yu, S. Y., Luo, S. Q. & Zhang, Y. (2011) Research progress of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine. Journal of Inner Mongolia Medical College, 33 (4), 490 - 494. [in Chinese with English abstract]" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Miao
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFBD9E19D7D89FF59" box="[1143,1201,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Herbivorous insects have coexisted with higher plants for 250 million years (Brattsten, 1986). Plants produce many allelochemicals, such as alkaloids, terpenes, and phenols, for defense against insects (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B33253BFFACFB20E1DB7C79FF11" author="Fraenkel" box="[1166,1345,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" refString="Fraenkel, G. S. (1959) The Raison d'Etre of Secondary Plant Substances. Science, 129 (3361), 1466 - 1470. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 129.3361.1466" type="journal article" year="1959">Fraenkel, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These chemicals are often appreciably toxic and have favored the evolution of counteradaptions in plant-feeding insects, including behavioral adaptations, modified physiological processes, and biochemical mechanisms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B33253BFFACFA9FE02379EBFE8C" author="Fraenkel" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" refString="Fraenkel, G. S. (1959) The Raison d'Etre of Secondary Plant Substances. Science, 129 (3361), 1466 - 1470. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 129.3361.1466" type="journal article" year="1959">Fraenkel, 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Insects often rely on a complex of general-purpose defensive enzymes to overcome the potential toxicity of the plants they eat (Brattsten
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFE47E0757B1BFE61" box="[489,547,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1986). To our knowledge, insects that feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253BFFACFBE5E06B7D93FE61" box="[1099,1195,367,392]" class="Gnetopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephedrales" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFBE5E06B7D93FE61" box="[1099,1195,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">Ephedra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants are extremely few, except for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253BFFACFEDEE090788FFE44" box="[368,439,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Cicada" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="368" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">cicada</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253BFFACFE11E0907BF0FE44" authority="Chen" authorityName="Chen" box="[447,712,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Subpsaltria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yangi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFE11E0907BBDFE45" box="[447,645,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">Subpsaltria yangi</emphasis>
|
||
Chen
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the aphid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253BFFACFCC1E0907DD6FE44" authority="Szelegiewicz" authorityName="Szelegiewicz" box="[879,1262,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Aphididae" genus="Ephedraphis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aphidomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gobica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFCC1E0907D6AFE44" box="[879,1106,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">Ephedraphis gobica</emphasis>
|
||
Szelegiewicz
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to date (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B33253BFFACFAFEE0907822FE39" author="Luo" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" refString="Luo, C. & Wei, C. (2015 a) Intraspecific sexual mimicry for finding females in a cicada: males produce ' female sounds' to gain reproductive benefit. Animal Behaviour, 102, 69 - 76." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">Luo & Wei, 2015a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B33253BFFACFE8BE0BC78C3FE39" author="Luo" box="[293,507,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" refString="Luo, C. & Wei, C. (2015 b) Stridulatory sound-production and its function in females of the cicada Subpsaltria yangi. PLoS ONE, 10 (2), e 0118667." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">Luo & Wei, 2015b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B33253BFFACFDA9E0B37BCDFE39" author="Qiao" box="[519,757,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" refString="Qiao, G. & Zhang, G. (2002) Ephedraphis Hille Ris Lambers, a newly recorded genus from China (Homoptera: Aphididae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 27 (3), 544 - 547." type="journal article" year="2002">Qiao & Zhang, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The discovery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253BFFACFC60E0BD7D6CFE39" box="[974,1108,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadidae" genus="Psalmocharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akesensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFC60E0BD7D6CFE39" box="[974,1108,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">P. akesensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457AB253BFFACFBF5E0B37D8DFE39" box="[1115,1205,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFBF5E0B37D8DFE39" bold="true" box="[1115,1205,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C634D41253BFFACFA92E0B37829FE1C" class="Gnetopsida" family="Ephedraceae" genus="Ephedra" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ephedrales" pageId="3" pageNumber="370" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="intermedia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917EAD0253BFFACFA92E0B37829FE1C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="370">Ephedra intermedia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
provides important experiment materials for future studies of detoxification mechanism in insects and for the protection of this important medicinal plant.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |