606 lines
59 KiB
XML
606 lines
59 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5277.2.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7889930" ID-ZooBank="FA625455-0777-4046-B2F8-1F88CAFFE885" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1683100320620" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio, Giacomelli, Arthuro De Castro Stolf, Fernández-Triana, José L., Watanabe, Isabela Midori, Santos, Eliaber Barros, Santos, Jakeline Maria Dos, Fazolin, Wilian Xavier & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria" docDate="2023" docId="03C756591A777D384AA2FF0DC69FFA1A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5277.2.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5277 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5277.2.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Apanteles aratiku Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias 2023, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="356" masterDocId="FFFE2E211A787D294A35FF9AC552FFDB" masterDocTitle="The Apanteles adelinamoralesae species group (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Brazil, with descriptions of three new species reared from fruit borers (Lepidoptera, Depressariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="362" masterPageNumber="339" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1683130500015" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The Apanteles adelinamoralesae species group (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Brazil, with descriptions of three new species reared from fruit borers (Lepidoptera, Depressariidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shimbori, Eduardo Mitio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4655-2591</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">shimbori@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Giacomelli, Arthuro De Castro Stolf</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0009-0000-6617-639X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">arthurocsg@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fernández-Triana, José L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0425-0309</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">cnc.braconidae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Watanabe, Isabela Midori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4753-7150</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">imwatanabe88@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Santos, Eliaber Barros</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-6929-0972</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eliaber25@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Santos, Jakeline Maria Dos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5935-8347</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jakelineagro@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fazolin, Wilian Xavier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0009-0008-1096-7465</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wilian.fazolin@usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-8371-5591</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">angelica@ufscar.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-05-02</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5277</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>339</mods:start>
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<mods:end>362</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5277.2.5</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5277.2.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7889930</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FA625455-0777-4046-B2F8-1F88CAFFE885</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C756591A777D384AA2FF0DC69FFA1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C756591A777D384AA2FF0DC69FFA1A" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<subSubSection box="[151,564,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,564,151,213]" box="[151,564,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,564,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,564,151,178]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<taxonomicName authority="Shimbori" authorityName="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,490,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratiku" status="sp. n.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,365,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Apanteles aratiku</emphasis>
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Shimbori
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[498,564,151,177]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,277,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,564,151,213]" box="[151,277,187,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,268,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-37@16.[179,1407,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Apanteles aratiku sp. n. A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Fore wing; C, Hypopygium and ovipositor sheaths; D, Antenna; E, Head, frontal view; F, Head, dorsal view; G, Meso- and metasoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7889952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7889952/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Figure 11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" box="[151,526,253,280]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,325,253,280]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus box="[332,439,254,280]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Holotype</typeStatus>
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, female
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" box="[199,871,290,316]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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Type locality.
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<collectingCountry box="[358,429,290,316]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[439,592,290,316]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Alagoas state</collectingRegion>
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, Rio Largo municipality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-07" collectionCode="DCBU" collectorName="Santos J. M." country="Brazil" location="Rio Largo" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" specimenCode="DCBU 509734" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alagoas" typeStatus="holotype">
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Type specimen, female (
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<specimenCode box="[470,639,326,353]" collectionCode="DCBU" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5zzs-n4tg" name="Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">DCBU 509734</specimenCode>
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) “
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<collectingCountry box="[663,736,326,352]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[744,839,326,352]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C756591A777D384AA2FF0DC69FFA1A:8EB1B1941A777D264964FEDCC696FEBB" box="[849,964,326,352]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Largo" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" stateProvince="Alagoas">Rio Largo</location>
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,
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<date box="[974,1070,326,352]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" value="2018-07">
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<collectingDate box="[974,1070,326,352]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" value="2018-07">vii.2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<collectorName box="[1079,1209,326,352]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Santos J.M.</collectorName>
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col. / Ex.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Cerconota anonella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<taxonomicName box="[285,491,362,388]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamosa">
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<emphasis box="[285,491,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Annona squamosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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”
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<materialsCitation box="[199,904,398,425]" collectionCode="DCBU" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" specimenCode="DCBU 509735- 509745" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="7" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus box="[199,312,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCount box="[326,438,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount box="[500,589,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="male">7 males</specimenCount>
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(
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<specimenCode box="[610,895,398,425]" collectionCode="DCBU" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5zzs-n4tg" name="Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">DCBU 509735– 509745</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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, same as
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<typeStatus box="[1021,1123,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2006-10-25" collectionCode="DCBU, MZSP" collectorName="M. C. Mendonca" country="Brazil" location="Plato de Neopolis" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" specimenCode="DCBU 509746-509758, MZSP 115410-115422" specimenCount="26" specimenCount-female="10" specimenCount-male="16" stateProvince="Sergipe" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount box="[1137,1262,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount box="[1324,1433,398,424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="male">16 males</specimenCount>
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: “
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<collectingCountry box="[162,235,434,460]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[248,336,434,460]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C756591A777D384AA2FF0DC69FFA1A:8EB1B1941A777D264B68FE28C779FE17" box="[349,555,434,460]" country="Brazil" name="Plato de Neopolis" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" stateProvince="Sergipe">Platô de Neópolis</location>
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,
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<date box="[568,683,434,461]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" value="2006-10-25">
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<collectingDate box="[568,683,434,461]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" value="2006-10-25">25.x.2006</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<collectorName box="[696,881,434,460]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">M.C. Mendonça</collectorName>
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col. / Ex. larva in Atemoia (221.2—IB—CBE)” (
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<specimenCode box="[161,431,470,497]" collectionCode="DCBU" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5zzs-n4tg" name="Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">DCBU 509746–509758</specimenCode>
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;
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<specimenCode box="[442,703,470,497]" collectionCode="MZSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="Museum">MZSP 115410–115422</specimenCode>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,443,505,532]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Description. Female.</emphasis>
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Body color: body mostly dark except for some sternites which may be pale; mesopleuron frequently paler than body ventrally. Antenna color: scape, pedicel, and flagellum dark. Coxae color (pro-, meso-, metacoxa): dark, dark, dark. Femur color (pro-, meso-, metafemur): pale, anteriorly dark/posteriorly pale, dark. Tibiae color (pro-, meso-, metatibia): pale, pale, mostly dark but anterior 0.2 or less pale. Tegula and humeral complex color: tegula pale, humeral complex half pale/half dark. Pterostigma color: mostly pale and/or transparent, with thin dark borders. Fore wing veins color: partially pigmented (a few veins may be dark but most are pale).Antenna length/body length: antenna slightly shorter than body (~0.9 ×), at least extending beyond anterior 0.7 metasoma length. Body in lateral view: not distinctly flattened dorso–ventrally. Body length (head to apex of metasoma):
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<quantity box="[1238,1375,758,785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="3.3" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.5 mm</quantity>
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. Fore wing length:
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<quantity box="[305,446,794,820]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.6" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.6 mm</quantity>
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. Ocular–ocellar line/posterior ocellus diameter: 2.0–2.2. Interocellar distance/posterior ocellus diameter: 1.8–2.0. Antennal flagellomerus 2 length/width: 2.4–2.6. Antennal flagellomerus 14 length/width: 1.3–1.4. Length of flagellomerus 2/length of flagellomerus 14: 2.1–2.3. Tarsal claws: with single basal spine-like seta. Metafemur length/width: 2.9–3.1. Metatibia inner spur length/metabasitarsus length: 0.5–0.6. Anteromesoscutum: mostly with deep, dense punctures (separated by less than 2.0 × its maximum diameter). Mesoscutellar disc: with punctures near margins, central part mostly smooth. Number of pits in scutoscutellar sulcus: 9–10. Maximum height of mesoscutellum lunules/maximum height of lateral face of mesoscutellum: 0.7. Propodeum areola: completely defined by carinae, including transverse carina extending to spiracle. Propodeum background sculpture: mostly sculptured. Mediotergite 1 length/width at posterior margin: 1.25–1.30. Mediotergite 1 shape: nearly parallel sided throughout its length. Mediotergite 1 sculpture: mostly sculptured, excavated area centrally with transverse striation inside and/or a polished knob centrally on posterior margin of mediotergite. Mediotergite 2 width at posterior margin/ length: 4.1–4.3. Mediotergite 2 sculpture: with some sculpture, mostly near margin. Outer margin of hypopygium: with a wide, medially folded, transparent, semi-desclerotized area; usually with 4 or more pleats. Ovipositor thickness: about same width throughout its length. Ovipositor sheaths length/metatibial length: 1.2–1.3. Length of fore wing veins r/2RS: 1.8–1.9. Length of fore wing veins 2RS/2M: 1.2–1.4. Length of fore wing veins 2M/(RS+M)b: 0.7–0.8. Pterostigma length/width: 2.9–3.1. Point of insertion of vein r in pterostigma: clearly beyond halfway point length of pterostigma. Angle of vein r with fore wing anterior margin: clearly outwards, inclined towards fore wing apex. Shape of junction of veins r and 2RS in fore wing: distinctly but not strongly angled.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,268,1442,1468]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Male.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity box="[425,569,1442,1468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.4">2.4–3.2 mm</quantity>
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; fore wing length
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<quantity box="[779,922,1442,1468]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="2.8499999999999996" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.4">2.4–3.3 mm</quantity>
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; antenna slightly longer than body (~1.1 ×). Mesopleuron most frequently pale on ventral half; mesofemur mostly to entirely dark and profemur dark anteriorly; hind tibia mostly dark.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" box="[199,1319,1550,1576]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,388,1550,1576]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Molecular data.</emphasis>
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Attempts to retrieve DNA barcoding sequences for this species were unsuccessful.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,392,1585,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Biology/ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Solitary. The specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[741,829,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Annona</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[858,1066,1586,1612]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,1066,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Annona squamosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1082,1224,1586,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) were reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Sepp)" baseAuthorityName="Sepp" box="[151,455,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,373,1622,1648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Cerconota anonella</emphasis>
|
||
(Sepp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1883" box="[470,639,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Depressariidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Depressariidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1906" box="[650,804,1622,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Stenomatinae">Stenomatinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[846,941,1622,1648]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[951,1023,1622,1648]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The other
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1147,1299,1622,1648]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="generic">29 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were reared from Atemoya (
|
||
<emphasis box="[335,786,1658,1684]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[335,544,1658,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamosa">Annona squamosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
x
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[575,786,1658,1684]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cherimola">Annona cherimola</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[836,924,1658,1684]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
, from an unknown host, but it is possible to assume that hosts for the specimens reared from atemoya are likely
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[911,1133,1694,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[911,1133,1694,1720]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Cerconota anonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larvae, boring fruits.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[199,748,1729,1756]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" box="[199,748,1729,1756]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,353,1729,1755]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[359,430,1730,1756]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[442,527,1730,1756]" country="Brazil" name="Sergipe" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Sergipe</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[580,672,1730,1756]" country="Brazil" name="Alagoas" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Alagoas</collectingRegion>
|
||
states.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1766,1792]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Tupi language,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias" authorityYear="2023" box="[624,705,1766,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratiku">
|
||
<emphasis box="[624,705,1766,1792]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">aratiku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the name used by native Americans in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1173,1241,1766,1792]" name="Brazil" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
for the fruits and trees of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[355,442,1802,1828]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[355,442,1802,1828]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Annona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carvalho, M. R." box="[488,656,1802,1828]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" refId="ref13606" refString="Carvalho, M. R. (1987) Dicionario Tupi (antigo) - Portugues. Empresa Grafica da Bahia, Salvador, 314 pp." type="book" year="1987">Carvalho 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[151,1437,253,2008]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="356" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,482,1837,1863]" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">Comparative diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This new species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[831,970,1838,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luislopezi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,970,1838,1864]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">A. luislopezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having the tarsal claws with one basal spine-like setae, T2 at least partly sculptured and more than 3.5 × wider than long, and mesoscutellar disc mostly smooth, although it does not run close to it in the key because the metatibia in females is mostly yellowish-brown. Considering metatibia color, the new species is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[859,1056,1946,1972]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1056,1946,1972]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">A. wilbertharayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The new species is distinguished from both,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[278,444,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,444,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">wilbertharayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,614,1982,2008]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[500,610,1982,2008]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="354" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luislopezi">luislopezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
by the lighter color of pro- and mesofemora, which are entirely pale and posteriorly pale respectively, as compared to anteriorly dark and entirely dark in the other two species, and in a relatively shorter vein r, 1.8–1.9 × as long as vein 2RS (as compared to 2.3 × or more in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1219,1385,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1219,1385,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">wilbertharayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,258,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luislopezi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,258,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">luislopezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition, the ventral region of mesopleuron is frequently pale in the new species, but always entirely dark in the other species. Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[610,717,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luislopezi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[610,717,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">luislopezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it differs in having distinctly wider T2, 4.1–4.4 × wider than long, as compared to
|
||
<quantity box="[396,511,294,321]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.509" metricValueMax="8.89" metricValueMin="8.128" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" unit="in" value="3.35" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.5 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis box="[519,633,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[519,629,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luislopezi">luislopezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and shorter T1, 1.2–1.3 × longer than its posterior width, compared to 2.0–
|
||
<quantity box="[200,265,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.588" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" unit="in" value="2.2">2.2 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis box="[273,388,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[273,384,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luislopezi">luislopezi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Considering the biology of these two species, both parasitize
|
||
<emphasis box="[1092,1216,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1092,1212,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cerconota</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
however
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1329,1436,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luislopezi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1329,1436,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">luislopezi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is gregarious whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias, 2023" authorityName="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias" authorityYear="2023" box="[402,483,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratiku" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,483,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">aratiku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[490,553,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[490,553,367,393]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is solitary. Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[836,1002,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[836,1002,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">wilbertharayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, additional characters separating these two species are the relatively larger ocelli, OOL/OD 2.0–2.2 compared to
|
||
<quantity box="[986,1099,402,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" unit="in" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1106,1280,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1106,1275,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">wilbertharayai</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and POL/OD 1.8–2.0 compared to
|
||
<quantity box="[386,498,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="6.35" metricValueMin="5.842" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" unit="in" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,678,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[504,673,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">wilbertharayai</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
the shorter ovipositor, with sheaths 1.2–1.3 × longer than hind tibia, as compared to
|
||
<quantity box="[332,446,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.683" metricValueMax="3.81" metricValueMin="3.5559999999999996" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" unit="in" value="1.45" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.4">1.4–1.5 in</quantity>
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,627,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[454,623,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">wilbertharayai</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the tarsal claws with one basal spine-like setae, which is absent in
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,325,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[151,321,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">wilbertharayai</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Biology is also distinct in these two species, since
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[915,1081,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wilbertharayai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[915,1081,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">wilbertharayai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
parasitizes
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1217,1387,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Anadasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1346,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Anadasmus</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[334,490,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[334,451,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Cerconota</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7889952" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7889952" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7889952/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="355" startId="16.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[179,1407,181,1919]" targetPageId="16" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="16" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,295,1943,1967]" pageId="16" pageNumber="355">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias, 2023" authorityName="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias" authorityYear="2023" box="[304,486,1943,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="355" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratiku" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,486,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="355">Apanteles aratiku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[496,555,1944,1968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[496,555,1944,1968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="355" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, Habitus, lateral view; B, Fore wing; C, Hypopygium and ovipositor sheaths; D, Antenna; E, Head, frontal view; F, Head, dorsal view; G, Meso- and metasoma, dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1473]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,583,582,609]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Prospects for biological control</emphasis>
|
||
. The annona fruit borer or soursop moth,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Sepp)" baseAuthorityName="Sepp" box="[1087,1399,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1087,1313,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Cerconota anonella</emphasis>
|
||
(Sepp)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is considered the most important pest in fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[672,812,619,645]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[672,759,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Annona</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[825,967,619,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the Neotropics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pena, J. E. & Bennett, F. D." box="[1188,1431,618,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="329 - 349" refId="ref15236" refString="Pena, J. E. & Bennett, F. D. (1995). Arthropods associated with Annona spp. in the Neotropics. Florida Entomologist, 78 (2), 329 - 349. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3495906" type="journal article" year="1995">Peña & Bennett 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pena, J. E." box="[151,275,655,681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="1 - 430" refId="ref15157" refString="Pena, J. E. (2002) Introduction. In: Pena, J. E., Sharp, J. L. & Wysoki, M. (Eds.), Tropical fruit pests and pollinators: biology, economic importance, natural enemies, and control. CAB International, Cromwell Press, Trowbridge, pp. 1 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1057 / 9780230554696 _ 1" type="book chapter" year="2002">Peña 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pereira, M. C. T. & Bandeira, N. & Junior, R. A. & Nietsche, S. & de Oliveira Junior, M. X. & Alvarenga, C. D. & Dos Santos, T. M. & Oliveira, J. R." box="[288,505,655,681]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="389 - 396" refId="ref15411" refString="Pereira, M. C. T., Bandeira, N., Junior, R. A., Nietsche, S., de Oliveira Junior, M. X., Alvarenga, C. D., Dos Santos, T. M. & Oliveira, J. R. (2009) Efeito do ensacamento na qualidade dos frutos e na incidencia da broca-dos-frutos da atemoieira e da pinheira. Bragantia, 68, 389 - 396. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0006 - 87052009000200013" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Pereira
|
||
<emphasis box="[377,436,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), attacking several species in this genus, including most, if not all, commercially important species, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pallas (Non Lacerta Muricata Shaw" authorityYear="1801" box="[402,532,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muricata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,532,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">A. muricata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(soursop),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hartmann" authorityYear="1917" box="[654,790,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[654,790,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">A. reticulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(custard apple),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[971,1112,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[971,1112,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">A. squamosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sweetsop), and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1294,1437,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Miridae" genus="Annona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cherimola">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1437,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">A. cherimola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cherimoya) (Moura
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,440,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006). Losses caused by this species may range from 60 to 100% of the fruit production, most notably in soursop orchards (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J." box="[540,823,763,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="319 - 321" refId="ref14751" refString="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J. (1989) Distribucion geografica de Talponia sp., Cerconota anonella Sepp., y Bephratelloides sp., perforadores de flores y frutos de Guanabana en Venezuela. Agronomia Tropical, 39, 319 - 321." type="journal article" year="1989">Martinez & Godoy 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ruiz, R. V." box="[835,955,763,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="59 - 92" refId="ref15783" refString="Ruiz, R. V. (1991) Manejo de problemas entomologicos en huertos de Guanabana. In: XXII Foro Entomologico - Plagas de Frutales en Alternativas de Manejo. Casos: Guanabana, Curuba, Citricos. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, pp. 59 - 92." type="book chapter" year="1991">Ruiz 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Braga, S. R. & Bandeira, C. T. & Mesquita, A. L. M." box="[967,1165,763,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="539 - 541" refId="ref13336" refString="Braga, S. R., Bandeira, C. T. & Mesquita, A. L. M. (1999) Occurrence and damage of soursop pests in northeast Brazil. Crop Protection, 18 (8), 539 - 541. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0261 - 2194 (99) 00051 - 4" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Braga
|
||
<emphasis box="[1041,1098,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oliveira, M. A. S." box="[1177,1335,763,789]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" refId="ref15026" refString="Oliveira, M. A. S. (2001) Graviola. Producao: Aspectos Tecnicos. Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF). Embrapa Informac " o Tecnologica, Brasilia, 87 pp." type="book" year="2001">Oliveira 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Montiel
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,210,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014). As a result of those affectations, several studies were conducted and published to evaluate the best tactics for the control of this pest (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Broglio-Micheletti, S. M. F. & Agra, A. G. & Barbosa, G. V. & Gomes, F. L." box="[603,947,835,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="722 - 725" refId="ref13402" refString="Broglio-Micheletti, S. M. F., Agra, A. G., Barbosa, G. V. & Gomes, F. L. (2001) Controle de Cerconota anonella (Sepp.) (Lep.: Oecophoridae) e de Bephratelloides pomorum (Fab.) (Hym.: Eurytomidae) em frutos de graviola (Annona muricata L.). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 23, 722 - 725. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 29452001000300056" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Broglio-Micheletti
|
||
<emphasis box="[822,880,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, L. S. D. & Broglio, S. M. F. & Lemos, E. E. P. D. & Salvador, T. D. L. & Neves, M. I. R. D. S. D." box="[960,1152,835,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="305 - 309" refId="ref16420" refString="Silva, L. S. D., Broglio, S. M. F., Lemos, E. E. P. D., Salvador, T. D. L. & Neves, M. I. R. D. S. D. (2014) Controle de Cerconota anonella (Sepp.) (Lep.: Oecophoridae) e de Bephratelloides pomorum (Fab.) (Hym.: Eurytomidae) em frutos de pinha (Annona squamosa L.). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 36, 305 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 29452014000500036" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[1026,1084,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lemos, E. E. P. D." box="[1165,1310,835,861]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="77 - 85" refId="ref14614" refString="Lemos, E. E. P. D. (2014) The production of annona fruits in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, 36, 77 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0100 - 29452014000500009" type="journal article" year="2014">Lemos 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), including studies on biological (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pereira, M. J. & Berti-Filho, E. & Parra, J. R." box="[448,656,871,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="137 - 141" refId="ref15342" refString="Pereira, M. J., Berti-Filho, E. & Parra, J. R. (2003). Artificial diet for rearing the Annona fruit borer Cerconota anonella Sepp, 1830 (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 23 (2), 137 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 174275840002035 X" type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
Pereira
|
||
<emphasis box="[534,591,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and ethological aspects (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Da Silva, E. L. & De Carvalho, C. M. & Do Nascimento, R. R. & Mendonca, A. L. & Da Silva, C. E. & Goncalves, G. B. & De Freitas, M. D. & Sant'Ana, A. E." box="[947,1176,871,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="971 - 976" refId="ref13633" refString="Da Silva, E. L., De Carvalho, C. M., Do Nascimento, R. R., Mendonca, A. L., Da Silva, C. E., Goncalves, G. B., De Freitas, M. D. & Sant'Ana, A. E. (2006) Reproductive behaviour of the Annona fruit borer, Cerconota anonella. Ethology, 112 (10), 971 - 976. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0310.2006.01255. x" type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Da Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[1052,1109,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pires, E. V. & Mendonca, A. D. & Vanickova, L. & Serra, N. S. & da Silva, R. D. & dos Santos, D. C. & Campos, R. D. & Sant'Ana, A. E. & do Nascimento, R. R." box="[1187,1375,871,897]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="72 - 80" refId="ref15509" refString="Pires, E. V., Mendonca, A. D., Vanickova, L., Serra, N. S., da Silva, R. D., dos Santos, D. C., Campos, R. D., Sant'Ana, A. E. & do Nascimento, R. R. (2016) Identification and field and laboratory tests of the sex pheromone of Cerconota anonella Sepp. (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Journal of Applied Entomology, 140 (1 - 2), 72 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jen. 12228" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Pires
|
||
<emphasis box="[1250,1307,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The natural enemies of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[365,496,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[365,496,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">C. anonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and their prospect as biological control agents were also evaluated in a few studies, where
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[226,374,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,336,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Apanteles</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears as the main larval parasitoid of this pest in several countries in the Americas (i.e.,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1378,1432,943,969]" name="Peru" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,269,979,1005]" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[282,353,979,1005]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[367,480,979,1005]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[543,638,979,1005]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
) (Willie 1952;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J." box="[814,1100,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="155 - 161" refId="ref14714" refString="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J. (1983) Natural enemies of the sour-sop fruit borer, Cerconota anonella Sepp. Agronomia Tropical, 33, 155 - 161." type="journal article" year="1983">Martinez & Godoy 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pena, J. E. & Nadel, H. & Bustillo, A." box="[1113,1303,979,1005]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="503 - 509" refId="ref15285" refString="Pena, J. E., Nadel, H. & Bustillo, A. (1990) Pest management of Annona spp. in Florida and South America. In: Proceedings of the 26 th Caribbean Food Crops Society annual meeting. Jay-Ce Printing, Rio Piedras, pp. 503 - 509." type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
Peña
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1235,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bustillo, A. E. & Pena, J. E." pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="81 - 84" refId="ref13563" refString="Bustillo, A. E. & Pena, J. E. (1992) Biology and control of the Annona fruit borer Cerconota anonella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Fruits, 47 (1), 81 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">Bustillo & Peña 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Broglio-Micheletti, S. M. F. & Berti-Filho, E." box="[286,729,1015,1041]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="565 - 566" refId="ref13497" refString="Broglio-Micheletti, S. M. F. & Berti-Filho, E. (2000) Parasitoides de Cerconota anonella (Sepp., 1830) (Lep.: Oecophoridae) em gravioleira (Annona muricata L.). Scientia Agricola, 57 (3), 565 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0103 - 90162000000300031" type="journal article" year="2000">Broglio-Micheletti & Berti-Filho 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Natural control provided by
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1074,1184,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1074,1184,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Apanteles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranged from 2–5% in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[151,261,1051,1077]" name="Colombia" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 2% in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[395,488,1051,1077]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pena, J. E. & Nadel, H. & Bustillo, A." box="[504,693,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="503 - 509" refId="ref15285" refString="Pena, J. E., Nadel, H. & Bustillo, A. (1990) Pest management of Annona spp. in Florida and South America. In: Proceedings of the 26 th Caribbean Food Crops Society annual meeting. Jay-Ce Printing, Rio Piedras, pp. 503 - 509." type="book chapter" year="1990">
|
||
Peña
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,626,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bustillo, A. E. & Pena, J. E." box="[706,953,1051,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="81 - 84" refId="ref13563" refString="Bustillo, A. E. & Pena, J. E. (1992) Biology and control of the Annona fruit borer Cerconota anonella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Fruits, 47 (1), 81 - 84." type="journal article" year="1992">Bustillo & Peña 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) up to 51.61% in one region of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1321,1436,1051,1077]" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J." box="[159,450,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="155 - 161" refId="ref14714" refString="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J. (1983) Natural enemies of the sour-sop fruit borer, Cerconota anonella Sepp. Agronomia Tropical, 33, 155 - 161." type="journal article" year="1983">Martínez & Godoy 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[506,577,1087,1113]" name="Brazil" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Broglio-Micheletti, S. M. F. & Berti-Filho, E." box="[592,1054,1087,1113]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="565 - 566" refId="ref13497" refString="Broglio-Micheletti, S. M. F. & Berti-Filho, E. (2000) Parasitoides de Cerconota anonella (Sepp., 1830) (Lep.: Oecophoridae) em gravioleira (Annona muricata L.). Scientia Agricola, 57 (3), 565 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0103 - 90162000000300031" type="journal article" year="2000">Broglio-Micheletti & Berti-Filho (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found total natural parasitism of 32.92%, of which
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[362,514,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[362,472,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Apanteles</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
accounted for 74%, promoting control throughout the year. However, during the more than 70 years since
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[442,552,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[442,552,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Apanteles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded, the correct identity of the species is still uncertain.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J." pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="155 - 161" refId="ref14714" refString="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J. (1983) Natural enemies of the sour-sop fruit borer, Cerconota anonella Sepp. Agronomia Tropical, 33, 155 - 161." type="journal article" year="1983">Martinez & Godoy (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided the only tentative identification at species level, after consultation with taxonomist Paul M. Marsh, who suspected that to be
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[586,727,1231,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenomae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,727,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">A. stenomae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Currently, it is not possible to confirm the accuracy of this identification. However, the image provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J." box="[685,981,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" pagination="155 - 161" refId="ref14714" refString="Martinez, N. B. & Godoy, F. J. (1983) Natural enemies of the sour-sop fruit borer, Cerconota anonella Sepp. Agronomia Tropical, 33, 155 - 161." type="journal article" year="1983">Martinez & Godoy (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, of the habitus of
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1180,1333,1267,1293]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
in dorsal view, is good enough to detect a few important differences as compared to the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1015,1113,1303,1329]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1148,1278,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1148,1274,1303,1329]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenoma">A. stenoma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
especially the proportions of T2, which seem within the range for
|
||
<emphasis box="[723,930,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fernandez-Triana" authorityYear="2014" box="[723,927,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adelinamoralesae">adelinamoralesae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
but is much narrower in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1206,1349,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1206,1346,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenomae">A. stenomae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and the much less sculptured T1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[463,601,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stenomae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,601,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">A. stenomae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In conclusion, the possibility that more than one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1284,1394,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1284,1394,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">Apanteles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are important parasitoids of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[424,553,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Cerconota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anonella">
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,553,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">C. anonella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not discarded, one of these species being
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias, 2023" authorityName="Shimbori & Giacomelli & Fernández-Triana & Watanabe & Santos & Santos & Fazolin & Penteado-Dias" authorityYear="2023" box="[1043,1155,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aratiku" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1043,1155,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">A. aratiku</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1161,1223,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1161,1223,1411,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="356" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Direct comparison of the specimens reared in previous works is required to confirm identity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |