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<document id="EDCC2CD7289676C0091AA858DCDDCE0E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3936.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="64b181f8-9a7d-4589-bc0f-d727ac3f8514" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="245778" ID-ZooBank="6F30423D-5B67-474F-A773-D747837AC611" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461016041793" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ruiz-Escobar, Fernando, Valadez-Vargas, Diana K. &amp; Oliveira, Otto M. P." docDate="2015" docId="03C387E572512A071587FBF5FBACF6B2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03936p445.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3936 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Beroe forskalii Milne Edwards 1841" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="443" masterDocId="FFFAFF9D72572A0F1510FFBBFF97F57A" masterDocTitle="Ctenophores from the Oaxaca coast, including a checklist of species from the Pacific coast of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="445" masterPageNumber="435" pageNumber="441" updateTime="1698568809574" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0F19FDE042FEFC7321E71E29248C60E8">Ctenophores from the Oaxaca coast, including a checklist of species from the Pacific coast of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D5B5590B352C83506A2B3106B640474F">Ruiz-Escobar, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4EC5435C7C00582D2E928D07163D435E">Oliveira, Otto M. P.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="8BD536F372512A091587FBF5FDCAF112" blockId="6.[151,605,1102,1162]" box="[151,605,1102,1128]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<heading id="D09D819F72512A091587FBF5FDCAF112" bold="true" box="[151,605,1102,1128]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7072512A091587FBF5FDCAF112" ID-CoL="68K5M" authority="Milne Edwards, 1841" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1841" box="[151,605,1102,1128]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="forskalii">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A091587FBF5FDCAF112" bold="true" box="[151,605,1102,1128]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A091587FBF5FEDCF112" bold="true" box="[151,331,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Beroe forskalii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0272512A091442FBF5FDCAF112" author="Milne" box="[338,605,1102,1128]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Milne Edwards, M. H. (1841) Observations sur la structure et les fonctions de quelques Zoophytes, Mollusques et Crustaces des cotes de la France. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Serie 2, 16, 193 - 232." type="journal article" year="1841">Milne Edwards, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536F372512A091587FBCAFEDBF1F0" blockId="6.[151,605,1102,1162]" box="[151,332,1137,1162]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
(
<figureCitation id="13512A7672512A09158FFBCAFF72F1F0" box="[159,229,1137,1162]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,195,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[191,1384,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Beroe forskalii Milne Edwards, 1841. A, stomodeal view of adult swimming vertically; B, adult in stomodeal view; C, preserved specimen, view of the aboral portion; D, preserved specimen, closed view of substomodeal ctene plates. Legend: ao, apical organ; di, diverticulum; fg, female gametes; mg, male gametes; mo, mouth; sscp, substomodeal ctene plate; sscr, substomodeal ctene row; stcr, subtentacular ctene row." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245782/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6E8034872512A0915E0FBCAFED4F1F0" box="[240,323,1137,1162]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,236,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Morphometry of Beroe forskalii, based on the specimen shown in Fig. 4 A." pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370657872512A091587FB02FDD1F018" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD536F372512A091587FB02FDD1F018" blockId="6.[151,1437,1209,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A091587FB02FE1EF1A8" bold="true" box="[151,393,1209,1234]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Material examined.</emphasis>
Oaxaca,
<collectingCountry id="F37D766372512A091713FB02FDCAF1A8" box="[515,605,1209,1234]" name="Mexico" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Mexico</collectingCountry>
: Four specimens; one specimen
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long at Puerto Ángel Bay,
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,
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,
<date id="FFD4103372512A09173DFB65FC93F18C" box="[557,772,1245,1270]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" value="2013-12-07">7 December 2013</date>
, surface, coll. A. Ramos-Silva, placed in 70% ethanol, dissolved after 24 h; UMAR-CTEN-005,
<specimenCount id="9D6CFD7A72512A09177BFAB9FD61F060" box="[619,758,1281,1306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
(Zipolite,
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,
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,
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,
<date id="FFD4103372512A0911CBFABAFA0FF060" box="[1243,1432,1281,1306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" value="2014-01-25">25 January 2014</date>
, coll. F. Ruiz-Escobar); UMAR-CTEN-006, one specimen (Carrizalillo,
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,
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, surface,
<date id="FFD4103372512A091090FA9EFEA9F018" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" value="2014-02-15">15 February 2014</date>
, coll. F. Ruiz-Escobar).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370657872512A0915D7FAD6FCA1F3B0" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD536F372512A0915D7FAD6FCA1F3B0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1209,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A0915D7FAD6FECEF0FC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1389,1414]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Description.</emphasis>
Body long, very flattened at the tentacular plane, typically conical, at least in the aboral half, with a broad mouth (
<figureCitation id="13512A7672512A09145EFA2AFE03F0D0" box="[334,404,1425,1450]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,249,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[191,1383,195,1882]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[191,1384,195,1882]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Beroe forskalii Milne Edwards, 1841. A, stomodeal view of adult swimming vertically; B, adult in stomodeal view; C, preserved specimen, view of the aboral portion; D, preserved specimen, closed view of substomodeal ctene plates. Legend: ao, apical organ; di, diverticulum; fg, female gametes; mg, male gametes; mo, mouth; sscp, substomodeal ctene plate; sscr, substomodeal ctene row; stcr, subtentacular ctene row." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/245782/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Apical organ at the aboral extremity, surrounded by two sets of seven branched aboral papillae, of pink color, the five proximal longer, and two distal shorter. Subtentacular and substomodeal ctene rows about the same length, extending from near the aboral end to about 1/7 of the body distance to the mouth. Meridional canals covered by the ctene rows, with a small uncovered part, never reaching the circular canal around the mouth. Numerous anastomosed diverticulae connecting the meridional canals, and these with the circular canal. Paragastric canals running along both surfaces of the pharynx, also connecting with the anastomosed branches between every two subtentacular meridional canals. Gonads present along the meridional canals and nearest parts of the diverticulae; testes formed between subtentacular and substomodeal meridional canals; ovaries formed between subtentacular and substomodeal meridional canals.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370657872512A0915D7F96EFB10F220" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD536F372512A0915D7F96EFB10F220" blockId="6.[151,1437,1209,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A0915D7F96EFEACF394" bold="true" box="[199,315,1749,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Remarks.</emphasis>
The morphology of the studied specimens is similar to those described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0272512A09119FF96EFA0FF394" author="Wrobel" box="[1167,1432,1749,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Wrobel, D. &amp; Mills, C. (2003) Pacific Coast Pelagic Invertebrates - A Guide to the Common Gelatinous Animals. Sea Challengers and the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, 108 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wrobel &amp; Mills (2003)</bibRefCitation>
. Although the macrociliary patterns were not checked, we had no doubts about species identification, since we found only large adult specimens with full morphological characteristics. It would be different if we had seen juveniles (
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A09141CF8F9FEBCF223" box="[268,299,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">viz</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0272512A091422F8FAFDD8F220" author="Oliveira" box="[306,591,1857,1882]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2014) First occurrence of Beroe forskalii (Ctenophora) in South American Atlantic coastal waters, with notes on the use of macrociliary patterns for beroid identification. Zootaxa, 3779 (4), 470 - 476. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3779.4.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Oliveira &amp; Migotto 2014</bibRefCitation>
), whose morphology is sometimes less distinctive.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C370657872512A0715D7F8DEFBACF6B2" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD536F372512A0915D7F8DEFA12F2BC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1209,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A0915D7F8DEFEF7F204" bold="true" box="[199,352,1893,1918]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Distribution.</emphasis>
This species is widely distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, as well as in the Mediterranean Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0272512A091466F832FDFDF2D8" author="Wrobel" box="[374,618,1929,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Wrobel, D. &amp; Mills, C. (2003) Pacific Coast Pelagic Invertebrates - A Guide to the Common Gelatinous Animals. Sea Challengers and the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, 108 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wrobel &amp; Mills 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0272512A091765F832FC06F2D8" author="Oliveira" box="[629,913,1929,1954]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P &amp; Migotto, A. E. (2014) First occurrence of Beroe forskalii (Ctenophora) in South American Atlantic coastal waters, with notes on the use of macrociliary patterns for beroid identification. Zootaxa, 3779 (4), 470 - 476. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3779.4.5" type="journal article" year="2014">Oliveira &amp; Migotto 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In the Eastern Pacific, it occurs along most of the
<collectingCountry id="F37D766372512A0915D0F815FF6FF2BC" box="[192,248,1966,1990]" name="United States of America" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">USA</collectingCountry>
coast to
<collectingCountry id="F37D766372512A09144CF816FE27F2BC" box="[348,432,1965,1990]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Canada</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFFB4B0272512A0914AFF816FD24F2BC" author="Wrobel" box="[447,691,1965,1990]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Wrobel, D. &amp; Mills, C. (2003) Pacific Coast Pelagic Invertebrates - A Guide to the Common Gelatinous Animals. Sea Challengers and the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California, 108 pp." type="book" year="2003">Wrobel &amp; Mills 2003</bibRefCitation>
) and south as far as the Peruvian coast (Oliveira
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172512A0911C8F815FA9EF2BF" box="[1240,1289,1965,1989]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">et al</emphasis>
., in press).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD536F372502A081587F83BFD65F288" blockId="7.[151,1437,1920,2034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172502A081587F83BFE83F2EF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1920,1942]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D7072502A08140EF83AFD34F2EC" authority="Milne Edwards, 1841" authorityName="Milne Edwards" authorityYear="1841" box="[286,675,1920,1942]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="forskalii">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172502A08140EF83AFE2FF2EC" box="[286,440,1920,1942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Beroe forskalii</emphasis>
Milne Edwards, 1841
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172502A0817A0F83BFD5FF2EF" bold="true" box="[688,712,1920,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">A,</emphasis>
stomodeal view of adult swimming vertically;
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172502A0811ABF83BFB45F2EF" bold="true" box="[1211,1234,1920,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">B,</emphasis>
adult in stomodeal view;
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172502A0815C7F825FF67F2CE" bold="true" box="[215,240,1950,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C,</emphasis>
preserved specimen, view of the aboral portion;
<emphasis id="B91EEAE172502A0817FFF824FC9FF2CE" bold="true" box="[751,776,1951,1972]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">D,</emphasis>
preserved specimen, closed view of substomodeal ctene plates. Legend: ao, apical organ; di, diverticulum; fg, female gametes; mg, male gametes; mo, mouth; sscp, substomodeal ctene plate; sscr, substomodeal ctene row; stcr, subtentacular ctene row.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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<emphasis id="B91EEAE1725F2A071587FF23FE90F5D5" bold="true" box="[151,263,152,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Morphometry of
<taxonomicName id="4C6A4D70725F2A0714D8FF23FDF1F5D5" box="[456,614,151,175]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="forskalii">
<emphasis id="B91EEAE1725F2A0714D8FF23FDF1F5D5" box="[456,614,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Beroe forskalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, based on the specimen shown in Fig. 4A.
</paragraph>
</caption>
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Total length of the body
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</paragraph>
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Maximum width of the body
<quantity id="4C929B16725F2A0716FEFF4FFBDFF470" box="[1006,1096,244,266]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2199999999999998" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="22.2">22.2 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536F3725F2A07158FFEA6FBDFF449" blockId="8.[159,1146,202,968]" box="[159,1096,285,307]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
Length of the subtentacular ctene rows
<quantity id="4C929B16725F2A0716FEFEA6FBDFF449" box="[1006,1096,285,307]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.71" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="37.1">37.1 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536F3725F2A07158FFEFDFBDFF426" blockId="8.[159,1146,202,968]" box="[159,1096,326,348]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
Length of the substomodeal ctene rows
<quantity id="4C929B16725F2A0716FEFEFDFBDFF426" box="[1006,1096,326,348]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.82" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="38.2">38.2 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536F3725F2A07158FFECBFBDFF4A2" blockId="8.[159,1146,202,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
Maximum width between substomodeal and subtentacular ctene rows up to
<quantity id="4C929B16725F2A071138FECBFBE2F4FC" box="[1064,1141,368,390]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="5.2">5.2 mm</quantity>
Maximum width between subtentacular ctene rows up to
<quantity id="4C929B16725F2A071138FE22FBE2F4D5" box="[1064,1141,409,431]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="7.6">7.6 mm</quantity>
Width of the mouth
<quantity id="4C929B16725F2A0716FEFE79FBDFF4A2" box="[1006,1096,450,472]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="mm" value="17.5">17.5 mm</quantity>
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<paragraph id="8BD536F3725F2A07158FFE57FBADF778" blockId="8.[159,1146,202,968]" box="[159,1082,492,514]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Number of ctene plates in subtentacular ctene rows 97107</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536F3725F2A07158FFDAEFBADF751" blockId="8.[159,1146,202,968]" box="[159,1082,533,555]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Number of ctene plates in substomodeal ctene rows 92105</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536F3725F2A07158FFD85FBDFF72E" blockId="8.[159,1146,202,968]" box="[159,1096,574,596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Length of the polar field 2785 µm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD536F3725F2A07158FFDD3FBACF6B2" blockId="8.[159,1146,202,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">Length of the papillae up to 823 µm Diameter of the meridional canals up to 950 µm Diameter of the diverticulae up to 253 µm Diameter of the paragastric canals up to 654 µm Diameter of the adradial canal up to 591 µm Diameter of the radial canal up to 443 µm Width of the ctene plates 1901160 µm Distance between ctene plates 169401 µm Diameter of the statocyst 189 µm</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>