145 lines
20 KiB
XML
145 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="1F1C53C7DAA31B4E4D0CDF68CD3F9068" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074595" ID-ZooBank="A1982CE0-AD2F-496B-80AB-FB3C4FA69F7A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625556599242" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Monniot, Francoise" docDate="2021" docId="03A6FD6CFF9EE83E55E337FBFD8EFED1" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4996.3.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4996 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Protoholozoa incrustans Monniot 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="448" masterDocId="FF9F8514FF9AE83B5574370CFFBCFFCC" masterDocTitle="New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region" masterLastPageNumber="468" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="447" updateTime="1698992134275" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="74BDD64B306FA0CD05038EA1D7D945F4">
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<mods:title id="2B2EC7590C1229B566CBC38637D081C3">New records of deep-sea ascidians (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) from the New Caledonia region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="89751AF0D3E3525FCAD1059E50CBBDFA">Monniot, Francoise</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E06CF660721DE32E6C3D22BE2DA24864">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="61C6EE462230CB1352E1FDBBF5082678">
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<mods:date id="14805A02270D8E4E6123B331569C24F6">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9D09CB00C3B7ED16A61A5B0D19DF445C">2021-07-06</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="812A1E8CD47A2B5AE51437A4AC0224AE">4996</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="B47CE96193B97F0D0463B8CD441F271F" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4996.3.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A6FD6CFF9EE83E55E337FBFD8EFED1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074691" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A6FD6CFF9EE83E55E337FBFD8EFED1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A6FD6CFF9EE83E55E337FBFD8EFED1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF9EE83F55E337FBFDAEFEDE" box="[151,530,247,274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF9EE83F55E337FBFDAEFEDE" blockId="4.[151,530,247,311]" box="[151,530,247,274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<heading id="D0F8FB16FF9EE83F55E337FBFDAEFEDE" bold="true" box="[151,530,247,274]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F55E337FBFDAEFEDE" bold="true" box="[151,530,247,274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9EE83F55E337FBFE0DFEDE" authority="Monniot, 2021" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,433,247,274]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incrustans" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F55E337FBFE0DFEDE" bold="true" box="[151,433,247,274]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Protoholozoa incrustans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2482D13FF9EE83F54CD37F4FDAEFEDE" box="[441,530,248,274]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF9EE83E55E33610FDA8FF19" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF9EE83F55E33610FEA0FEFB" blockId="4.[151,530,247,311]" box="[151,284,284,311]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF9EE83F55E33610FEBEFEFA" box="[151,258,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="4.[151,251,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,406,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-66@4.[151,1435,406,1202]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE. 4. Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. colony, scale bar = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074603/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF9EE83F547A3610FEA0FEFB" box="[270,284,284,311]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,309,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-67@5.[151,1435,309,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. A, B, C, three zooids, scale bar = 0.5 mm; D, E, larvae, scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF9EE83F55E33668FABEFEB2" blockId="4.[151,1282,356,383]" box="[151,1282,356,383]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<materialsCitation id="3B674627FF9EE83F55E33668FB42FEB2" box="[151,1278,356,383]" collectionCode="MNHN" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" specimenCode="A3" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
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Station: Kanadeep 12-743-04. Two colonies (
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<typeStatus id="54B4F2D8FF9EE83F57D53668FCB5FEB2" box="[673,777,356,382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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<collectionCode id="ED1ED4BFFF9EE83F56643669FCDAFEB3" box="[784,870,357,383]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">MNHN</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBA9E401FF9EE83F561F3668FC2CFEB2" box="[875,912,356,382]" collectionCode="MNHN" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">A3</specimenCode>
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. PRO 8 – slides A3. 1494-1498)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF701CF2FF9EE83F55E333C5FCD6FB2D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074603" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5074603" box="[151,874,1225,1249]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074603/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" startId="4.[151,251,1225,1249]" targetBox="[151,1435,406,1202]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF9EE83F55E333C5FCD6FB2D" blockId="4.[151,874,1225,1249]" box="[151,874,1225,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F55E333C5FEA5FB2D" bold="true" box="[151,281,1225,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">FIGURE. 4.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9EE83F545433C5FDA5FB2D" authority="Monniot, 2021" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="2021" box="[288,537,1225,1249]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incrustans" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F545433C5FDA5FB2D" box="[288,537,1225,1249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Protoholozoa incrustans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2482D13FF9EE83F576B33C6FDD2FB2D" box="[543,622,1226,1249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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colony, scale bar = 1cm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF9EE83F55E33203FA39F8A6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1295,2042]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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Both colonies form soft transparent crusts on sponges or didemnids. The largest colony (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF9EE83F51FC3203FB71FAE6" box="[1160,1229,1295,1322]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="4.[151,251,1225,1249]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,406,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-66@4.[151,1435,406,1202]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE. 4. Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. colony, scale bar = 1cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074603/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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) is
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<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF9EE83F518D321CFA8DFAE6" box="[1273,1329,1296,1322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
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in extent and
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<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF9EE83F55B2323FFEA0FA82" box="[198,284,1331,1358]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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in thickness. The glassy tunic contains sparse sand. The zooids do not show a particular design in their arrangement and their oral apertures could not be seen at the surface of the contracted colonies. The zooids are not perpendicular to the colony surface, the oral apertures being superficial but the atrial siphon is located deeper inside the colony thickness nevertheless no common atrial cavities obviously appear in the soft tunic. The thorax reaches
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||
<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF9EE83F55E332C8FF53FA12" box="[151,239,1476,1502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
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in maximum length and is followed without constriction by the abdomen
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||
<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF9EE83F514A32CFFB29FA12" box="[1086,1173,1475,1502]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
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||
long (
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||
<figureCitation id="133450FFFF9EE83F519432CFFAE1FA12" box="[1248,1373,1475,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,309,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-67@5.[151,1435,309,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. A, B, C, three zooids, scale bar = 0.5 mm; D, E, larvae, scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Fig. 5A–C</figureCitation>
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). The oral siphon is short with 6 pointed lobes. The atrial siphon in posterior position is enlarged in an ampulla narrowed at its extremity with a dented rim (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF9EE83F576C3107FD2EF9EA" box="[536,658,1547,1574]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,309,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-67@5.[151,1435,309,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. A, B, C, three zooids, scale bar = 0.5 mm; D, E, larvae, scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
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). The body wall is thin and transparent; no muscles are present on the thorax except two long transverse fibres on each side at the base of the thorax which extend from the endostyle along the sides of the atrial siphon. Four to six short oral tentacles are present just below the oral rim. A prepharyngeal band encircles the base of the siphon. The pharynx contains 3 thick transverse branchial bars on each side attached ventrally to a long endostyle and which are dorsally linked to triangular rapheal papillae. The abdomen in continuity with the thorax contains a closed digestive loop. In less contracted zooids the stomach seems square-shaped with 4 low longitudinal crests. The hermaphrodite gonad forms a round mass inside and partly protruding out of the gut loop. No postabdominal process was detected. A single tadpole is often present inside the dilated atrial siphon (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF9EE83F501B300BFF60F88A" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,309,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-67@5.[151,1435,309,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. A, B, C, three zooids, scale bar = 0.5 mm; D, E, larvae, scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Fig. 5A, C</figureCitation>
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). The larval body is
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<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF9EE83F54C83027FDA3F88A" box="[444,543,1835,1862]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" unit="mm" value="0.55">0.55 mm</quantity>
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in diameter surrounded by a tail with one and a half turn (
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<figureCitation id="133450FFFF9EE83F51E83027FAAFF88A" box="[1180,1299,1835,1862]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1706,1730]" captionTargetBox="[158,1409,309,1678]" captionTargetId="figure-67@5.[151,1435,309,1682]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. Protoholozoa incrustans sp. nov. A, B, C, three zooids, scale bar = 0.5 mm; D, E, larvae, scale bar = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5074605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5074605/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
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). Three well spaced adhesive papillae are placed in a line between an arc of round vesicles on each side. An otolith is present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF9EE83E55B3307FFDA8FF19" blockId="4.[151,1437,1295,2042]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="448" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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According to the larval structure and its mode of incubation this new species belongs to the genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9EE83F5071307FFEB2F87D" authority="Kott, 1969" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1969" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F5071307FFA20F841" box="[1285,1436,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Protoholozoa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF9EE83F55E33094FEB2F87D" author="Kott, P." box="[151,270,1943,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref9471" refString="Kott, P. (1969) Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1969">Kott, 1969</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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as redefined in
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF9EE83F54CB309BFD60F87E" author="Monniot, F. & Tatian, M." box="[447,732,1943,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" pagination="261 - 268" refId="ref10114" refString="Monniot, F. & Tatian, M. (2020) Questions on the taxonomic status of species of Protoholozoa Kott, 1969 (Ascidiacea, Aplousobranchia, Holozoidae) with a description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 4718 (2), 261 - 268. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4718.2.7." type="journal article" year="2020">Monniot & Tatian (2020)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9EE83F5792309BFC45F87D" authority="Monniot, 2021" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="2021" box="[742,1017,1943,1969]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incrustans" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F5792309BFC45F87D" box="[742,1017,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Protoholozoa incrustans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F568B3094FBE4F87E" bold="true" box="[1023,1112,1944,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2482D13FF9EE83F568B3094FBE4F87E" box="[1023,1112,1944,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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has common characters with
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9EE83F55E330B7FD80F81A" authority="Monniot F., 1974" authorityName="Monniot F." authorityYear="1974" box="[151,572,1979,2006]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pigra">
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<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F55E330B7FECFF819" box="[151,371,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Protoholozoa pigra</emphasis>
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Monniot F., 1974
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</taxonomicName>
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collected from the Açores at
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<quantity id="4CF7E19FFF9EE83F56F330B0FC61F81A" box="[903,989,1980,2006]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
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depth which possesses a flat encrusting colony and 3 transverse branchial bands.
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9EE83F571D30D3FCC1F835" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="2021" box="[617,893,2015,2041]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="incrustans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9EE83F571D30D3FCC1F835" box="[617,893,2015,2041]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">Protoholozoa incrustans</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
differs from the Atlantic species by the thoracic musculature and the shape of the long inflated atrial siphon in which larvae are incubated. The larva of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9FE83E5061379BFAD2FF7C" box="[1301,1390,151,176]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pigra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9FE83E5061379BFAD2FF7C" box="[1301,1390,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">P. pigra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its incubation mode are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3151FF1FF9FE83E55B337D3FD8EFED1" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB04C7AFF9FE83E55B337D3FD8EFED1" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,285]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C0F37F9FF9FE83E55B337D3FDD5FF35" authority="Kott 1969" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="1969" box="[199,617,223,249]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Protoholozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pedunculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97B9068FF9FE83E55B337D3FE4CFF35" box="[199,496,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">Protoholozoa pedunculata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF9E318BFF9FE83E548C37D3FDD5FF35" author="Kott, P." box="[504,617,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" pagination="1 - 239" refId="ref9471" refString="Kott, P. (1969) Antarctic Ascidiacea. Antarctic Research Series, 13, 1 - 239." type="journal article" year="1969">Kott 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a cone-like colony on a peduncle; its larva is incubated in the thorax and has 3 adhesive papillae in a line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |