279 lines
35 KiB
XML
279 lines
35 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1C6D445A4A2012B98F707FE573EF079B">On some lesser known sea cucumbers in the Natural History Museum, UK (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FBC101F6586E5B06BA04D72B7D7A777A">Thandar, Ahmed S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="79DA6F2D17A1DC884057D596D4E40363">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038C87E5BF60FF93FF50FE927F0D640C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159812123" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038C87E5BF60FF93FF50FE927F0D640C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038C87E5BF60FF93FF50FE927F0D640C" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="369" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF60FF9CFF50FE927F6A614B" box="[151,378,286,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF60FF9CFF50FE927F6A614B" blockId="7.[151,378,286,349]" box="[151,378,286,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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<heading id="D0D2819FBF60FF9CFF50FE927F6A614B" bold="true" box="[151,378,286,313]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFF50FE927F6A614B" bold="true" box="[151,378,286,313]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFF50FE927F11614A" bold="true" box="[151,257,286,313]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFF63FE927F11614A" ID-CoL="7Q4FF" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[164,257,286,313]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Thyone</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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sp. indet.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF60FF9CFF50FECE7F49612E" box="[151,345,322,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF60FF9CFF50FECE7F49612E" blockId="7.[151,378,286,349]" box="[151,345,322,349]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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<figureCitation id="131E2A76BF60FF9CFF50FECE7EE5612F" box="[151,245,322,348]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1943,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1338,722,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1338,722,1923]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. A. Thyone?elegans / T.?roscovita (ex Isle of Muck), specimen entire; B. Aquapharyngeal bulb of?Thyone sp. (ex St Mary’s Scilly Island); C. Calcareous ring of Thyone?elegans / T.?roscovita (ex Isle of Muck); D. Calcareous ring of Thyone sp.; E. Tube feet end-plates of Thyone?elegans / T.?roscovita (ex Isle of Muck). MDIR = mid-dorsal interradial plate." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3516799/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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(B & D)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF60FF9CFF50FE057A2461D7" box="[151,1076,393,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF60FF9CFF50FE057A2461D7" blockId="7.[151,1437,393,709]" box="[151,1076,393,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFF50FE057F9161D7" bold="true" box="[151,385,393,420]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Material examined.</emphasis>
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1967.10.4.5, St. Mary’s, Scilly Island; Sub-Aqua Expedition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF60FF9CFF00FE217F7B62B7" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF60FF9CFF00FE217F7B62B7" blockId="7.[151,1437,393,709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFF00FE217F4961BB" bold="true" box="[199,345,429,456]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Description.</emphasis>
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Only calcareous ring and introvert with tentacles preserved. Tentacles 10, clearly dendritic, dark brown, ventral two reduced, others of unequal length, longest about
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<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF60FF9CFC60FE5E7DEA619E" box="[935,1018,466,493]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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. Small portion of the creamish body wall with some, apparently scattered tube feet, still persists, attached to part of introvert. Calcareous ring elongate, complex, radial and interradial plates fused, of more or less equal length, radial plates anteriorly bifid, bifurcate posterior processes of radial plates almost the length of ring, both tube and processes highly fragmented. Polian vesicle single, elongate, about
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<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF60FF9CFE35FDEE7C52620E" box="[498,578,610,637]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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in length; stone canals three, highly convoluted, tendril-like, longest
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<quantity id="4CDD9B16BF60FF9CFA93FDED7B88620E" box="[1364,1432,609,637]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, madreporic bodies horse-shoe shaped. No ossicles in tentacles, introvert, tube feet, or in the remaining minute fragment of body wall.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF5A667BBF60FF9CFF50F81B7B59678B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516799" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3516799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3516799/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" startId="7.[151,250,1943,1968]" targetBox="[151,1338,722,1915]" targetPageId="7">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF60FF9CFF50F81B7B59678B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFF50F81B7F0367C3" bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
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A.
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFEFFF8147F9367C3" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[312,387,1944,1968]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFEFFF8147F9367C3" box="[312,387,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFE54F8147FF067C3" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" box="[403,480,1944,1968]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFE54F8147FF067C3" box="[403,480,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFE33F8147C6767DC" box="[500,631,1944,1967]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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T.?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFDD1F8147C6767DC" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[534,631,1944,1967]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">roscovita</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(ex Isle of Muck), specimen entire; B. Aquapharyngeal bulb of?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFACFF8147B4367C3" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[1288,1363,1944,1968]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFACFF8147B4367C3" box="[1288,1363,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (ex St Mary’s Scilly Island); C. Calcareous ring of
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFDB7F8307CAB67A7" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[624,699,1980,2004]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFDB7F8307CAB67A7" box="[624,699,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFD0CF8307D0867A7" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" box="[715,792,1980,2004]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFD0CF8307D0867A7" box="[715,792,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFCECF8307DBE67A0" box="[811,942,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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T.?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFC8AF8307DBE67A0" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[845,942,1980,2003]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">roscovita</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(ex Isle of Muck); D. Calcareous ring of
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFA95F8307B8D67A7" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[1362,1437,1980,2004]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFA95F8307B8D67A7" box="[1362,1437,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.; E. Tube feet end-plates of
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFE0AF86C7C08678B" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[461,536,2016,2040]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFE0AF86C7C08678B" box="[461,536,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">Thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFDEEF86C7C66678B" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" box="[553,630,2016,2040]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFDEEF86C7C66678B" box="[553,630,2016,2040]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">elegans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
/
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF60FF9CFD4DF86C7D1D6784" box="[650,781,2016,2039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="368">
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T.?
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF60FF9CFD6BF86C7D1D6784" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[684,781,2016,2039]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="7" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">roscovita</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(ex Isle of Muck). MDIR = mid-dorsal interradial plate.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C33F6578BF6FFF93FF00FF157F0D640C" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B9A36F3BF6FFF93FF00FF157F0D640C" blockId="8.[151,1437,153,1151]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FF00FF157F2B60C0" bold="true" box="[199,315,153,179]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Because of the presence of only the aquapharyngeal bulb and the absence of ossicles in the small, retained part of the body wall, tentacles, introvert and tube feet, both the generic and specific identity of this material is in doubt. Judging from the structure of the calcareous ring and the assumed distribution of podia, it perhaps belongs to
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FF74FE897F15616C" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[179,261,261,287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FF74FE897F15616C" box="[179,261,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Of the four European species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FDBEFE897CDB616C" authorityName="Oken" authorityYear="1815" box="[633,715,261,287]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FDBEFE897CDB616C" box="[633,715,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Thyone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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listed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FCF1FE897DEB616C" author="McKenzie, J. D." box="[822,1019,261,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="123 - 171" refId="ref11951" refString="McKenzie, J. D. (1991) The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians (Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 25 (1), 123 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770091" type="journal article" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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as the last reviser,
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FB0BFE897EE96130" authority="Muller, 1776" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="1776" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fusus">
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<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FB0BFE897B4F616C" box="[1228,1375,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Thyone fusus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FAA3FE897EE96130" author="Muller, O. F." pageId="8" pageNumber="369" refId="ref12041" refString="Muller, O. F. (1776) Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus. typis Hallageriis, Havniae, 274 pp." type="book" year="1776">Müller, 1776</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FEEAFEA67C726130" authority="Madsen, 1941" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1941" box="[301,610,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wahrbergi">
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||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FEEAFEA67FAC6130" box="[301,444,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. wahrbergi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FE05FEA57C726130" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[450,610,297,323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref11847" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1941) On Thyone wahrbergi n. sp., a new holothurian from the Skagerrak, with remarks on T. fusus (O. F. M.) and other related species. Goteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps. och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar. Meddelanded fran Goteborgs Musei Zoologiska Avdelning, 85, 6 (1), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1941">Madsen, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, always contain ossicles, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FC05FEA67AE96130" authority="Herouard, 1889" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[962,1273,297,323]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FC05FEA67A546130" box="[962,1092,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. roscovita</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FB8DFEA57AE96130" author="Herouard, R." box="[1098,1273,297,323]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="535 - 704" refId="ref11494" refString="Herouard, R. (1889) Recherches sur les holothuries des cotes de France. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 2, 535 - 704." type="journal article" year="1889">Hérouard, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FAE9FEA67F336114" authority="Heller, 1869" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FAE9FEA67B8C6130" box="[1326,1436,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
Heller, 1869
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack ossicles in the main body wall except the anal region, tentacles and introvert.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FB15FEC17B8C6114" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1234,1436,333,359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" refId="ref11998" refString="Mortensen, T. (1927) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Humphery Milford. Oxford, University Press, London, 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841" type="book" year="1927">Mortensen (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also showed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FE9CFEFE7FDB61F8" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" box="[347,459,370,395]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FE9CFEFE7FDB61F8" box="[347,459,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has ossicles in the posterior region of the body wall and tentacles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FB07FEFE7EC261DC" authority="Norman, 1869" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FB07FEFE7B2261F8" box="[1216,1330,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FAFEFEFD7EC261DC" author="Norman, A. M." pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="47 - 336" refId="ref12062" refString="Norman, A. M. (1869) Shetland final dredging report ii. On the Crustacea, Tunicata, Polyzoa, Echinodermata, Actinozoa, Hydrozoa and Porifera. Report of the British Association of the Advancement of Science, 1869, 47 - 336." type="journal article" year="1869">Norman, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described from the Shetlands as being totally devoid of body wall ossicles, was suspected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FB1FFE197B8C61DC" author="McKenzie, J. D." box="[1240,1436,405,431]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="123 - 171" refId="ref11951" refString="McKenzie, J. D. (1991) The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians (Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 25 (1), 123 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770091" type="journal article" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as a possible synonym of either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FE3FFE367C7661A0" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" box="[504,614,442,467]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FE3FFE367C7661A0" box="[504,614,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FD4EFE367D1B61A0" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[649,779,442,467]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FD4EFE367D1B61A0" box="[649,779,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. roscovita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8851BF6FFF93FC8EFE357D6961A0" box="[841,889,441,467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FBCCFE367A6C61A0" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" box="[1035,1148,441,467]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FBCCFE367A6C61A0" box="[1035,1148,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is still extant in the NHMUK, is completely devoid of ossicles as noted by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FD38FE517DD56184" author="McKenzie, J. D." box="[767,965,477,503]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="123 - 171" refId="ref11951" refString="McKenzie, J. D. (1991) The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians (Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 25 (1), 123 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770091" type="journal article" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and confirmed by the writer. However, its tentacle ossicles were described as a dense layer of plates (?rosettes) and end plates were stated to be present. There are no tentacle ossicles in the current specimen for any comparison with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FC0DFDA97A9B6233" author="Norman, A. M." box="[970,1163,549,576]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="47 - 336" refId="ref12062" refString="Norman, A. M. (1869) Shetland final dredging report ii. On the Crustacea, Tunicata, Polyzoa, Echinodermata, Actinozoa, Hydrozoa and Porifera. Report of the British Association of the Advancement of Science, 1869, 47 - 336." type="journal article" year="1869">Norman’s (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species. Although some aspects of the calcareous ring of the current material with multiple stone canals may resemble those of some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FF72FDE17EE962F4" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[181,249,621,647]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Stolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FF72FDE17EE962F4" box="[181,249,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Stolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lack of body-wall ossicles (abundant in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FCCCFDE17D5F62F4" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" box="[779,847,621,647]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Stolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FCCCFDE17D5F62F4" box="[779,847,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Stolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.) and the absence of this genus in the North-East Atlantic waters, lend no support. The writer is of the opinion that the multiplicity of the stone canals may be a significant feature for the future description of another species when complete specimens become available. Because of the incompleteness of the specimen it is here left unassigned but its locality and presence of a calcareous ring in which the radials are prolonged before bifurcation and not deeply cleft perhaps indicate that it may be either a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FADDFD727B8C6364" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[1306,1436,766,791]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FADDFD727B8C6364" box="[1306,1436,766,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. roscovita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FF70FCAE7F3A6348" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" box="[183,298,801,827]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FF70FCAE7F3A6348" box="[183,298,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FE55FCAE7C136348" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" box="[402,515,802,827]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FE55FCAE7C136348" box="[402,515,802,827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has deeply cleft radial plates.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FC6AFCAD7A7E6348" author="McKenzie, J. D." box="[941,1134,801,827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="123 - 171" refId="ref11951" refString="McKenzie, J. D. (1991) The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians (Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 25 (1), 123 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770091" type="journal article" year="1991">Mckenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suspects the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FF50FCCA7F0B632C" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,283,838,863]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FF50FCCA7F0B632C" box="[151,283,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. roscovita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FE92FCCA7FD9632C" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" box="[341,457,837,863]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FE92FCCA7FD9632C" box="[341,457,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and did not consider Pawson & Miller’s (1981)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FC38FCCA7A60632C" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" box="[1023,1136,838,863]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FC38FCCA7A60632C" box="[1023,1136,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as identical to the species he described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FE8DFCE67FAA63F0" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" box="[330,442,874,899]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FE8DFCE67FAA63F0" box="[330,442,874,899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but gives no reasons for this. Subsequently
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FC6EFCE57A8663F0" author="Hendler, G & Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M." box="[937,1174,872,899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" refId="ref11440" refString="Hendler, G, Miller, J. E.. Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins and allies of Florida and the Caribbean, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC,. xi + 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FBCDFCE67A5363F0" box="[1034,1091,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in their analysis of the Carribean and Florida echinoderms, accepted
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FD5EFC017D4563D4" author="Madsen, F. J." box="[665,853,909,935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref11847" refString="Madsen, F. J. (1941) On Thyone wahrbergi n. sp., a new holothurian from the Skagerrak, with remarks on T. fusus (O. F. M.) and other related species. Goteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps. och Vitterhets-Samhalles Handlingar. Meddelanded fran Goteborgs Musei Zoologiska Avdelning, 85, 6 (1), 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1941">Madsen’s (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
viewpoint and described the Carribean species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FA4FFC027F3C63B8" authorityName="Madsen" authorityYear="1941" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="deichmannae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FA4FFC027F3C63B8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. deichmannae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which Madsen (suggested long before Deichmann’s revision (1947). Despite all the arguments presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB44B02BF6FFF93FECEFC597FC2639C" author="McKenzie, J. D." box="[265,466,981,1007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" pagination="123 - 171" refId="ref11951" refString="McKenzie, J. D. (1991) The taxonomy and natural history of north European dendrochirote holothurians (Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 25 (1), 123 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939100770091" type="journal article" year="1991">McKenzie (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, WoRMS [edited by Paulay in 2015 (accessed
|
||
<date id="FF9B1033BF6FFF93FC27FC597A40639C" box="[992,1104,981,1007]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" value="2019-07">July 2019</date>
|
||
) and based on several works] lists both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FEC4FC767F626460" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" box="[259,370,1018,1043]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FEC4FC767F626460" box="[259,370,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FE60FC767C396460" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[423,553,1018,1043]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FE60FC767C396460" box="[423,553,1018,1043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. roscovita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but regards
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FD75FC767D336460" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1869" box="[690,803,1017,1043]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="elegans">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FD75FC767D336460" box="[690,803,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. elegans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a synonym of the former. This may be true as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="549E8851BF6FFF93FAABFC757B8C6460" box="[1388,1436,1017,1043]" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">type</typeStatus>
|
||
localities of both are
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E1F811BF6FFF93FE43FB917C2C6444" box="[388,572,1053,1079]" country="United Kingdom" name="Shetland Islands" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">Shetland Islands</collectingRegion>
|
||
or its vicinity. However, the deeply cleft radials in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FBBBFB927AFC6444" authorityName="Heller" authorityYear="1869" box="[1148,1260,1054,1079]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FBBBFB927AFC6444" box="[1148,1260,1054,1079]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and posteriorly prolonged radials in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C254D70BF6FFF93FEB8FBCE7FEA6428" authorityName="Herouard" authorityYear="1889" box="[383,506,1090,1115]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="8" pageNumber="369" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="roscovita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B951EAE1BF6FFF93FEB8FBCE7FEA6428" box="[383,506,1090,1115]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="369">T.roscovita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and clinal variations of a single species along the north-west Atlantic, might speak against this.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |