355 lines
46 KiB
XML
355 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="A5D6AF9001F584CC8370102F949A4BEF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.170552" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6eb78e14-413e-4776-acc2-cdff2806a458" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="170552" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461100988507" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hall, Jason P. W., Willmott, Keith R. & Busby, Robert C." docDate="2005" docId="03827D0FFFE8FF83DE5ADFDBFE05F8CA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00797.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Penaincisalia caeruleanota Hall & Willmott, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFBB0577FFEAFF86DF52D902FFD4FFC4" masterDocTitle="Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698591368378" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="F03773063D4F02B9E4D155CBA3519A0D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D089B4B327C6560C72894DD2B0344270">
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<mods:title id="46D29BC56F9C5AFD5A9C2EDF14E929CF">Five new Penaincisalia species (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="ADB0E204E8E4DA3C12A699824AE36028" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="632CA70847D101DAE71A408AEA5F90FA">Hall, Jason P. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0BCFFCB5405DF86F88F8AF359DBC4D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3E775FC77A9BB4C266EE8A15367C67E7">Willmott, Keith R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="BFDDCD1FCEBA6D92823A343DAB24995D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="972912AF893630EE52E6667925DB8B84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="54D6A4756AEF8B211A3171DF2FCD08D3">Busby, Robert C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0B912C1AC66D3C6BF6E8A7CF7A7801F0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="94CB25218D363E728EFFF99FBE704A4C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="1FF205F94A597AC5F4293252479A159C">
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<mods:date id="88327FD567C916DB5AFE7C425B219733">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C335EA35FE231D51EB535C7CDC941A64" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="8421571AAF4C6BB4EB040A1F09AB25C0">797</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="21D1E193C57775D7C205C800DA8B0F14">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="22CB518E323BAB4E5F38B4300C580BB7" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.170552</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FFE1422FAD1D32511055F172CD611289" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="04F40340BC628935F9687181537A7D33" type="Zenodo-Dep">170552</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03827D0FFFE8FF83DE5ADFDBFE05F8CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6266634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6266634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03827D0FFFE8FF83DE5ADFDBFE05F8CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03827D0FFFE8FF83DE5ADFDBFE05F8CA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="C3319F92FFE8FF84DE5ADFDBFDEEF8DF" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFE8FF84DE5ADFDBFDEEF8DF" blockId="2.[264,952,1753,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFE8FF84DE5ADFDBFCC9F937" authority="Hall & Willmott" authorityName="Hall & Willmott" box="[264,797,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE8FF84DE5ADFDBFD86F937" bold="true" box="[264,594,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Penaincisalia caeruleanota</emphasis>
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Hall & Willmott
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26CAD70FFE8FF84DC7ADFDBFC6CF937" box="[808,952,1753,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE8FF84DC7ADFDBFC6CF937" bold="true" box="[808,952,1753,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">new species</emphasis>
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1310D09CFFE8FF84DE43DE03FE8AF8DF" box="[273,350,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[264,368,1470,1494]" captionTargetBox="[267,1318,320,1437]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[264,1323,315,1446]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Penaincisalia adults (dorsal surface on left, ventral surface on right) at x 1.6 lifesize. A, paratype ɗ P. caeruleanota, Cerro Palma, S. Ecuador (JHKW). B, paratype Ψ P. caeruleanota, km. 11 YanganaCerro Toledo rd., S. Ecuador (RCB). C, paratype ɗ P. juliae, km. 34 JimburaSan Andrés rd., S. Ecuador (JHKW). D, paratype Ψ P. juliae, La Playa, Huicungo, P. N. Río Abiseo, N. Peru (MUSM). E, holotype ɗ P. andreae, Río San Francisco, ZamoraLoja rd., S. Ecuador (USNM). F, holotype ɗ P. libertada, Cumpang, between Tayabamba and Ongón, N. Peru (MUSM). G, holotype ɗ P. i s m a e l i, km. 10 LojaZamora rd., S. Ecuador (USNM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170553/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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A,B; 2A; 3A,B; 5)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3319F92FFE8FF82DE5ADE53FE07FB92" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFE8FF85DE5ADE53FD5AFAE2" blockId="2.[264,1323,1873,1899]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1323,284,1881]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Description.— Male: Forewing length of
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<typeStatus id="549072BBFFE8FF84DDAEDE53FCBDF8AF" box="[764,873,1873,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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[HT]
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<quantity id="4CD361FCFFE8FF84DCE5DE53FBD8F8AF" box="[951,1036,1873,1899]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
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(
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<typeStatus id="549072BBFFE8FF84DB4FDE53FB45F8AF" box="[1053,1169,1873,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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[PTs]
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<quantity id="4CD361FCFFE8FF85DBB0DE53FEEFFEF2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="15.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="14.0">14–16 mm</quantity>
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). Forewing costal margin approximately straight, distal margin slightly concave around vein Cu2 and convex in apical half of wing, apex pointed; hindwing anal margin convex, apex rounded and tornus elongated to form a prominent, tailless, spatulate lobe, creating a notably concave distal margin; venation typical for genus (see the venation of
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<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFE9FF85DA47D895FDEAFE1D" authority="in Johnson, 1992" authorityName="in Johnson" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loxurina">
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE9FF85DA47D895FEBFFE1C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. loxurina</emphasis>
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in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFE9FF85DEC2D8BDFDEAFE1D" author="Johnson" box="[400,574,447,473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) Genera and species of the Neotropical " elfin " - like hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 22 (1 - 2), 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE9FF85DD03D8BDFCD4FE1C" box="[593,768,447,472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
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: Both wings dull iridescent dark purple, except for a variably broad black border at distal margin that broadens at apex (very broad on hindwing, occupying distal half of wing), a very narrow black border at costal margin of forewing and a broad black border at costal margin of hindwing, and a gray hindwing anal fold, hindwing tornal lobe with reddish brown scaling along inner half and a small, oval patch of brilliant pale blue scales in outer half; forewing androconial cluster appears to be a scent pad, versus a scent patch (
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE9FF85DDC9DBADFD08FD0C" box="[667,732,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFE9FF85DDB6DBADFC51FD0D" author="Clench" box="[740,901,687,713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Clench, H. (1975) Introduction. In: W. H. Howe, The Butterflies of North America. Doubleday and Co., Garden City, New York, pp. 1 - 72." type="book chapter" year="1975">Clench, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFE9FF85DCC0DBADFB95FD0D" author="Robbins" box="[914,1089,687,713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" refString="Robbins, R. K. (1991) Evolution, comparative morphology, and identification of the eumaeine butterfly genus Rekoa Kaye (Lycaenidae: Theclinae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 498, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1991">Robbins, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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), with very densely layered, elongate, smoothtipped black scales, scent pad oval and centered around upper distal corner of discal cell, with a few androconial scales extending along discal cell end (
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<figureCitation id="1310D09CFFE9FF85DE43DA25FE83FC85" box="[273,343,807,833]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[264,368,856,880]" captionTargetBox="[269,1316,290,835]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,289,842]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male Penaincisalia dorsal forewing scent pads. A, P. caeruleanota. B, P. juliae. C, P. andreae. D, P. libertada. E, F (higher magnification view of E), P. is ma eli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170554/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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A); fringe of both wings on both surfaces reddish brown, with variably long whitish scales forming an outer whitish fringe that is most prominent on hindwing.
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE9FF85DBCEDA4DFEECFC54" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Ventral surface</emphasis>
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: Ground color of both wings rufous brown, becoming paler towards anal margin of forewing, darker towards base (almost black in places) and along distal margin of both wings, and yellowish brown around discal cell ends and throughout much of region between postdiscal and submarginal bands of both wings, tornal lobe with a sparse scattering of white scales; discal cell ends marked by a black spot on forewing and a dark rufous brown line on hindwing; broader, dark rufous brown postdiscal bands have an illdefined proximal edge and a distal edge more sharply defined by a heavier concentration of dark scales, forewing band extends from costal margin to vein 2A and is diagonal above vein M3 and vertical below it; jagged hindwing band extends from costal margin to vein Cu2 before turning sharply toward anal margin; dark brown submarginal spots on both wings prominent in all cells except Cu2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFE9FF85DE6ADC35FB3EF985" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE9FF85DE6ADC35FEA3FA94" box="[312,375,1335,1360]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Head</emphasis>
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: Labial palpi brown dorsally, white ventrally; second segment with long, dense, ventrally directed scales, rufous brown along outer margin and whitish along inner margin; third segment short, pointed slightly downwards; eyes brown and densely setose, surrounded by predominantly brown scaling; frons with long, dense, rufous brown setae, some whitish setae ventrally; antennae 50–60% length of forewing, segments brown with darker sclerotization around tip and white scaling at base, white scaling more widespread ventrally on segments immediately before clubs, clubs predominantly orangebrown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFE9FF85DE6ADF4DFC6DF97D" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE9FF85DE6ADF4DFEA0F9AC" box="[312,372,1615,1640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Body</emphasis>
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: Thorax dark brown and hairy, with dull blue gray setae dorsally, tegula dark brown; all legs brown to rufous brown, with scattered whitish scaling on mid and hindlegs; abdomen dark brown dorsally and orangebrown ventrally.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFE9FF82DE6ADFC5FBBFFD02" blockId="3.[264,1323,284,1881]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFE9FF85DE6ADFC5FE72F924" box="[312,422,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="1310D09CFFE9FF85DEE4DFC5FDDCF925" box="[438,520,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[264,368,1719,1743]" captionTargetBox="[268,1322,310,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[257,1330,308,1695]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Penaincisalia male genitalia in lateral (A, C, F, I) and ventral (B, D, G, J) views, with lateral view of eighth tergite in E and H; all genitalia are figured at approximately the same scale, with the width of each boxed figure 3.4 mm. A, B, P. caeruleanota. C, D, E, P. juliae. F, G, H, P. andreae. I, J, P. libertada." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170555/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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A,B): Uncus with smoothly rounded posterior margin and very deep medial indentation dorsally; gnathos smoothly rounded at elbow, constricted in diameter before tip; tegumen enlarged into a broadly triangular, slightly inwardly curved, posterioventral projection six times width of lower portion of vinculum, small saccus is triangular in ventral view and extends at approximately 120° from vinculum; valvae in lateral view consist of elongate, narrowly triangular posterior processes, with a short, broadly triangular projection at their ventral base that has a convex ventral margin, valvae joined at anteriodorsal margin by membranous tissue; aedeagus long and uniformly narrow throughout, with a prominently convex anterior half, a shallowly concave posterior half, and a blunt angular tip, ductus ejaculatorius exits anterior region of aedeagus from an elongate dorsal area immediately before rounded anterior aedeagal tip (caecum), two cornuti present in distal portion of aedeagus when vesica uneverted, first a narrow, flattened, convexconcave and serratetipped rod positioned dorsally in posterior third of aedeagus, and second a short, anteriorly tapered, prominently convex and dorsally serrate spine positioned below posterior tip of first cornutus; eighth abdominal tergite a simple rectangle.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEEFF82DE6ADBD6FBB8FBC2" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Female: Differs from male as follows: Forewing length
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<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEEFF82DCBCDBD6FB8BFD2A" box="[1006,1119,724,750]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
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. Forewing distal margin markedly more convex; hindwing distal margin straight, tornal lobe has a long, broad tail extending from vein 2A.
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DDE7DA26FCB3FCF9" box="[693,871,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
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: Ground color of both wings slightly paler; dull iridescent dark purple replaced on both wings by pale blue, which is slightly reduced on forewing, oval patch of pale blue scales in hindwing tornal lobe absent and reddish brown scaling along inner margin of lobe more prominent, forewing androconial pad absent.
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DE34DAC6FDC8FC19" box="[358,540,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ventral surface</emphasis>
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: Ground color a more uniform reddish brown; postdiscal bands slightly less prominent, white scaling in hindwing tornal lobe more dense.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEEFF82DE6ADD16FE07FB92" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DE6ADD16FEA0FBE9" box="[312,372,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Body</emphasis>
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: Dorsal surface of thorax, abdomen and tegula paler and brighter bluish gray; all legs paler brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3319F92FFEEFF82DE6ADD66FC64FA7A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEEFF82DE6ADD66FBA4FB62" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<typeStatus id="549072BBFFEEFF82DE6ADD66FEA6FBBA" box="[312,370,1124,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
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material.—
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<typeStatus id="549072BBFFEEFF82DD7ADD66FD41FBBA" box="[552,661,1124,1150]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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ď,
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<collectingCountry id="F33C8C89FFEEFF82DDB2DD66FCA6FBBA" box="[736,882,1124,1150]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
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:
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<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DCDCDD66FC10FBB9" box="[910,964,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Loja</emphasis>
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, km. 7 LojaZamora rd.,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1FAADEFFEEFF82DE5ADD8EFEACFB62" box="[264,376,1164,1190]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="9" value="-3.9875">3°59.25'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE1FAADEFFEEFF82DE2EDD8EFE2BFB62" box="[380,511,1164,1190]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="9" value="-79.153336">79°9.20'W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEEFF82DD58DD8EFDB2FB62" box="[522,614,1164,1190]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2500.0">2500 m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FF95EAD9FFEEFF82DD20DD8EFD18FB62" box="[626,716,1164,1190]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1916-05">16 May</date>
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(I. Aldas & R. C. Busby) (
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<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DB5ADD8EFBB7FB62" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1032,1123,1164,1190]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USNM</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEEFF82DE6ADDB6FC64FA7A" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
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<typeStatus id="549072BBFFEEFF82DE6ADDB6FE7AFB0A" box="[312,430,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C8C89FFEEFF82DEEFDDB6FD84FB0A" box="[445,592,1204,1230]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DD0CDDB6FD40FB09" box="[606,660,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Loja</emphasis>
|
||
, same locality data as
|
||
<typeStatus id="549072BBFFEEFF82DCE2DDB6FBCEFB0A" box="[944,1050,1204,1230]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, 1ď Oct (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DBC4DDB6FB25FB0A" box="[1174,1265,1204,1230]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rm44-by7m" name="Museo Ecuadoriano de Ciencias Naturales" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MECN</collectionCode>
|
||
), 1ď Dec (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DE1ADDDEFE77FB32" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[328,419,1244,1270]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1ď, km. 10 LojaZamora rd.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1FAADEFFEEFF82DC48DDDEFC5FFB32" box="[794,907,1244,1270]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="9" value="-3.985">3°59.10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1FAADEFFEEFF82DCC2DDDEFBC5FB32" box="[912,1041,1244,1270]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="9" value="-79.1425">79°8.55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEEFF82DB4CDDDEFBAFFB32" box="[1054,1147,1244,1270]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
, Nov (I. Aldas & R. C. Busby) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DE83DC06FDF8FADA" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[465,556,1284,1310]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); 2ď, Cerro Palma, km. 27 LojaCuenca rd.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEEFF82DB6CDC06FB4EFADA" box="[1086,1178,1284,1310]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF95EAD9FFEEFF82DBF4DC06FB3EFADA" box="[1190,1258,1284,1310]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7 Apr</date>
|
||
(J. P. W. Hall & K. R. Willmott) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DDF4DC2EFD2AFA82" box="[678,766,1324,1350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">JHKW</collectionCode>
|
||
); 1Ψ, km. 11 YanganaCerro Toledo rd.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1FAADEFFEEFF82DE5ADC56FEBEFAAA" box="[264,362,1364,1390]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="92" value="-4.383333">4°23.0'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1FAADEFFEEFF82DE3DDC56FE24FAAA" box="[367,496,1364,1390]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="9" value="-79.14833">79°8.90'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEEFF82DEA9DC56FD82FAAA" box="[507,598,1364,1390]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2550.0">2550 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF95EAD9FFEEFF82DD30DC56FD6FFAAA" box="[610,699,1364,1390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1923-09">23 Sept</date>
|
||
(R. C. Busby) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DC27DC56FC61FAAA" box="[885,949,1364,1390]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hi46-2qx9" name="RIKEN Cell Bank" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">RCB</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DC98DC56FB4DFAA9" box="[970,1177,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MoronaSantiago</emphasis>
|
||
, 1ď, km. 18 LimónGualaceo rd.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEEFF82DD5ADC7EFDB2FA52" box="[520,614,1404,1430]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2400.0">2400 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF95EAD9FFEEFF82DD21DC7EFD61FA52" box="[627,693,1404,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">3 Oct</date>
|
||
(R. C. Busby) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DC25DC7EFC6CFA52" box="[887,952,1404,1430]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hi46-2qx9" name="RIKEN Cell Bank" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">RCB</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DC9FDC7EFBC7FA51" box="[973,1043,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Azuay</emphasis>
|
||
, 1ď, km. 20 Gualaceo Limón rd.,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEEFF82DEDEDCA6FE33FA7A" box="[396,487,1444,1470]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</quantity>
|
||
, Sept (I. Aldas & R. C. Busby) (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED3A54DCFFEEFF82DC31DCA6FC77FA7A" box="[867,931,1444,1470]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hi46-2qx9" name="RIKEN Cell Bank" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">RCB</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3319F92FFEEFF82DE6ADCCEFC1CF9F2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEEFF82DE6ADCCEFC1CF9F2" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.— This species name is derived from the Latin words “caerulea” and “nota”, meaning sky blue and spot, respectively, in reference to the characteristic, iridescent pale blue spot in the tornal lobe of the dorsal hindwing.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3319F92FFEEFF83DE6ADF46FD9AFA0A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEEFF83DE6ADF46FB45FD8A" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1325,284,1806]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Diagnosis.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEEFF82DE8BDF46FCC8F999" box="[473,796,1604,1629]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DE8BDF46FCC8F999" box="[473,796,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Penaincisalia caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems to form a monophyletic group with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEEFF82DA47DF46FDDAF942" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DA47DF46FE8EF941" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. browni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DE31DF6EFDDAF942" author="Johnson" box="[355,526,1644,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) Genera and species of the Neotropical " elfin " - like hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 22 (1 - 2), 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DD6BDF6EFD57F941" box="[569,643,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">regala</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DDDFDF6EFC19F942" author="Le" box="[653,973,1644,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Le Crom, J. F. & Johnson, K. (1997) Additional new species and records of elfin butterflies from Colombia (Lycaenidae). Review of Colombian Theclinae, 1, 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1997">Le Crom & Johnson, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEEFF82DCB6DF6EFADCF942" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" box="[996,1288,1644,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saraha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DCB6DF6EFB81F941" box="[996,1109,1644,1669]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. saraha</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DB0FDF6EFADCF942" author="Johnson" box="[1117,1288,1644,1670]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) Genera and species of the Neotropical " elfin " - like hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 22 (1 - 2), 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DE5ADF96FE56F969" box="[264,386,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pantanosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DEDDDF96FD12F96A" author="Johnson" box="[399,710,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Johnson, K. & Adams, M. J. (1993) Elfin butterflies from the Adams / Bernard expeditions to Colombia and Venezuela (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 25, 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="1993">Johnson & Adams, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DDB2DF96FC9EF969" box="[736,842,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. v i t t a t a</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DC09DF96FBD8F96A" author="Johnson" box="[859,1036,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) Genera and species of the Neotropical " elfin " - like hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 22 (1 - 2), 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEEFF82DB4CDF96FE91F912" authority="Johnson, 1992" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DB4CDF96FB62F969" box="[1054,1206,1684,1709]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DB91DF96FE91F912" author="Johnson" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) Genera and species of the Neotropical " elfin " - like hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 22 (1 - 2), 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DED6DFBEFDDEF911" box="[388,522,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">P. p u r p u re a</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DD47DFBEFD14F912" author="Johnson" box="[533,704,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) Genera and species of the Neotropical " elfin " - like hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 22 (1 - 2), 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(=
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DDBBDFBEFC87F911" box="[745,851,1724,1749]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">amazona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DC09DFBEFB59F912" author="Balint" box="[859,1165,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Balint, Z. & Wojtusiak, J. (2003) Notes on Ecuadorian and Peruvian species of the genus Thecloxurina Johnson, 1992 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae, Eumaeini), with descriptions of three new species. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 104 B, 363 - 386." type="journal article" year="2003">Bálint & Wojtusiak, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), species formerly treated under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEEFF82DEA5DFE6FDE6F939" box="[503,562,1764,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DEA5DFE6FDE6F939" box="[503,562,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DD10DFE6FD25F93A" author="Johnson" box="[578,753,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Johnson, K. (1992) Genera and species of the Neotropical " elfin " - like hairstreak butterflies (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae). Reports of the Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point), 22 (1 - 2), 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1992">Johnson, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFBAB1E8FFEEFF82DDAFDFE6FC77F93A" author="Balint" box="[765,931,1764,1790]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Balint, Z. (2001 b) The genus Pons Johnson, 1992 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini). Genus, 12 (3), 373 - 383." type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Bálint, 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All six of these species, hereafter referred to as the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEEFF82DD44DE0EFDBCF8E1" box="[534,616,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEEFF82DD44DE0EFDBCF8E1" box="[534,616,1804,1829]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group”, have a sexually dimorphic hindwing shape that is unique among the Neotropical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEEFF82DD25DE36FD3FF88A" box="[631,747,1844,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eumaeini">Eumaeini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Males have a hindwing tornus that is elongated into a tailless, spatulate lobe, whereas females (that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DCD6D81EFBC2FEF1" box="[900,1046,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DCD6D81EFBC2FEF1" box="[900,1046,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unknown to us) have a tail extending from that lobe along vein 2A. The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DC94D846FBF3FE99" box="[966,1063,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DC94D846FBF3FE99" box="[966,1063,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, described below, has the same hindwing shape, but because its male genital morphology is so divergent, and several subtle wing pattern characters suggest that it belongs in a different species group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DE5AD8BEFE7DFE11" box="[264,425,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DE5AD8BEFE7DFE11" box="[264,425,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Penaincisalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we conclude that a tailless, spatulatelobed hindwing tornus has evolved independently in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DE81D8E6FDE6FE39" box="[467,562,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Pons" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juliae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DE81D8E6FDE6FE39" box="[467,562,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. juliae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DDF3D8E6FD27FE39" box="[673,755,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DDF3D8E6FD27FE39" box="[673,755,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group”. The six “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DC96D8E6FBC2FE39" box="[964,1046,484,509]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DC96D8E6FBC2FE39" box="[964,1046,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” species are also unusual within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DEEEDB0EFD89FDE1" box="[444,605,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DEEEDB0EFD89FDE1" box="[444,605,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Penaincisalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a prominent, short, triangular process at the ventral base of the male genital valve tip, instead of a rounded process or none at all.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEFFF83DE6ADB5EFD9AFA0A" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DE9DDB5EFD5CFDB1" box="[463,648,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DE9DDB5EFD5CFDB1" box="[463,648,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most readily distinguished from other “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DB2DDB5EFB05FDB1" box="[1151,1233,604,629]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DB2DDB5EFB05FDB1" box="[1151,1233,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” members by having a small oval patch of brilliant pale blue scales in the outer half of the tornus on the dorsal hindwing, but it also has less purple on the dorsal hindwing, which is confined to the basal half of the wing. It is worth noting that the ventral surface of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DA47DBD6FE77FCD1" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DA47DBD6FE77FCD1" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be rather variable, but this variability is actually largely due to the condition of the specimen. Worn specimens lose the prominent white fringe and become brown in the postdiscal areas, where the yellow scaling has been rubbed off. Both sexes are additionally diagnosed by having a prominently angular, instead of roughly straight, postdiscal band on the ventral forewing, which extends diagonally from the costal margin to vein M3 and then vertically below it.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DDB6DAC6FBFCFC19" box="[740,1064,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DDB6DAC6FBFCFC19" box="[740,1064,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Penaincisalia caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be confused only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DE19DAF3FE0FFBCE" box="[331,475,1009,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DE19DAF3FE0FFBCE" box="[331,475,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as both species have a very undulating, instead of approximately straight, postdiscal band on the ventral hindwing. However, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DCA9DD1BFB61FBF6" box="[1019,1205,1049,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DCA9DD1BFB61FBF6" box="[1019,1205,1049,1074]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this band is: 1) at its most distally extended between cells M1 and M3 and at its least distally extended in cell Cu1, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DDD7DD6EFCD9FB41" box="[645,781,1132,1157]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DDD7DD6EFCD9FB41" box="[645,781,1132,1157]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the band is at its most distally extended in cell M1 and at its least distally extended between cells M2 and M3; 2) equally distally extended in cells 2A and Cu2, instead of less distally extended in cell 2A compared to Cu2; and 3) bulbously undulating at its distal margin, instead of jaggedly undulating and produced into tiny points at most veins. Aside from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DD95DC16FC85FAE9" box="[711,849,1300,1325]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DD95DC16FC85FAE9" box="[711,849,1300,1325]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. purpurea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other candidate for the closest relative to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DEDDDC3EFD98FA91" box="[399,588,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DEDDDC3EFD98FA91" box="[399,588,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DD25DC3EFCD9FA91" box="[631,781,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DD25DC3EFCD9FA91" box="[631,781,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as both species have nearly identical wing shapes. The male genitalia vary very little among the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DCD8DC66FC08FAB9" box="[906,988,1380,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="browni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DCD8DC66FC08FAB9" box="[906,988,1380,1405]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">browni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group” species, but those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DE5ADC8EFE14FA61" box="[264,448,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DE5ADC8EFE14FA61" box="[264,448,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
do have a slightly more prominent triangular process at the ventral base of the valve tip in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3319F92FFEFFF83DE6ADCDEFD27F952" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEFFF83DE6ADCDEFD27F952" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Biology.— This species inhabits elfin cloud forest from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEFFF83DC87DCDEFB41FA32" box="[981,1173,1500,1526]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="2800.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400 to 3200 m</quantity>
|
||
. Males were encountered in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C8C89FFEFFF83DEEFDF06FDCBF9DA" box="[445,543,1540,1566]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
perching as solitary individuals or in small groups on hilltops and ridgetops. They rested on bushes
|
||
<quantity id="4CD361FCFFEFFF83DDF6DF2EFCC5F982" box="[676,785,1580,1606]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2 to 4 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground, and were active on their perching posts from the mid morning to mid afternoon. The only known female was found flying low to the ground along a ridgetop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3319F92FFEFFF83DE6ADFA6FE05F8CA" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B94CC19FFEFFF83DE6ADFA6FE05F8CA" blockId="5.[264,1325,284,1806]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Distribution.—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C2BB79AFFEFFF83DEA4DFA6FCEBF979" box="[502,831,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caeruleanota">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95F100BFFEFFF83DEA4DFA6FCEBF979" box="[502,831,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Penaincisalia caeruleanota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently is known only from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C8C89FFEFFF83DE5ADFCEFEBEF922" box="[264,362,1740,1766]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MoronaSantiago, Azuay and Loja), but almost certainly ranges into northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33C8C89FFEFFF83DE5ADFF6FEE9F8CA" box="[264,317,1780,1806]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="1310D09CFFEFFF83DE29DFF6FE16F8CA" box="[379,450,1780,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[264,368,1430,1454]" captionTargetBox="[271,1316,712,1402]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[264,1323,707,1406]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Topographic maps of the northern Andes, illustrating the known geographic ranges of the five new Penaincisalia species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/170557/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |