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<mods:title id="E7AEAA6A4CD11ABD9594C4686A0A9F4D">Redescription of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 and M. danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb. (Fabriciidae, Sabellida, Polychaeta)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="556B606D6A185A6CCAE8558603FD3B47">Bick, Andreas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F10C71DC863FCA1FFA0AA74B218E27E1">Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine &amp; Spezielle Zoologie, Universitätsplatz 2, D- 18055 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA7C0E2A979E327BF2DD95D8D8E8345C">Oberrisser, Philipp</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="40B7CE02DF0999BB50C5E23F5F9D641C">ARGE Oekologie, Technisches Büro für Ökologie, Neubaugasse 64 - 66 / 2 / 10, A- 1070 Wien, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EAF8C4BA9BE02B47B89B47D22531CE94">Bastrop, Ralf</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="48C32801DE321E7CFE62DDBA3957EF52">Universität Rostock, Institut für Biowissenschaften, Tierphysiologie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3, D- 18055 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<heading id="D0DEB808FFC8C62CFF1AFE206CCFFE5C" bold="true" box="[151,736,438,465]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC8C62CFF1AFE206C40FE5D" authority="Bacescu, 1944" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[151,623,438,465]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF1AFE206F97FE5C" bold="true" box="[151,440,438,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Manayunkia danubialis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFE4DFE206C40FE5D" author="Bacescu" box="[448,623,438,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref10430" refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica &quot; Vasile Adamachi &quot;, IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153." type="journal article" year="1944">Băcescu, 1944</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFC8C62CFDFBFE216CCFFE5C" box="[630,736,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC8C62CFF1AFE4D6F00FE78" blockId="10.[151,736,438,501]" box="[151,303,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
(
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFF12FE4D6F08FE78" box="[159,295,475,501]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionStartId-1="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionStartId-2="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionStartId-3="15.[152,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetBox-2="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,187,716]" captionTargetId-0="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId-2="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId-3="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionTargetPageId-2="14" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Figures 6–9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC8C62CFF1AFD896FF4FDBA" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,475,543,567]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="caspica" subSpecies="danubialis">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF1AFD896FF4FDBA" box="[151,475,543,567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Manayunkia caspica danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFE7FFDB66FD0FDBA" box="[498,511,544,567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">ă</emphasis>
cescu, 1944: 153.
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC8C62CFF1AFDA86FF4FDDB" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" box="[151,475,574,598]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="caspica" subSpecies="danubialis">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF1AFDA86FF4FDDB" box="[151,475,574,598]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Manayunkia caspica danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFE7FFDA86FD0FDD8" box="[498,511,574,597]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">ă</emphasis>
cescu, 1948: 7 (foot note 2).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC8C62CFF1AFDCA6FFFFDF9" box="[151,464,604,628]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="caspica" subSpecies="fluviatilis">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF1AFDCA6FFFFDF9" box="[151,464,604,628]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Manayunkia caspica fluviatilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
B
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFE6AFDCB6FDBFDF9" box="[487,500,605,628]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">ă</emphasis>
cescu, 1948: pl. 1, fig. 6 (without any description).
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC8C62CFF1AFDED6C05FD1E" ID-CoL="3XSX5" authority="Annenkova, 1929" authorityName="Annenkova" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,554,635,659]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF1AFDED6F45FD1E" box="[151,362,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Manayunkia caspica</emphasis>
Annenkova, 1929
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:
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFDB8FDED6CD2FD1E" author="Marinov, T." box="[565,765,635,659]" page="216" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFDB8FDED6CD2FD1E" author="Marinov, T." box="[565,765,635,659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 258" refId="ref12127" refString="Marinov, T. (1977) Fauna Bulgarica 6, Polychaeta. In: Aedibus Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae. Institutum Zoologicum, Sofia, pp. 1 - 258." type="book chapter" year="1977">Marinov 1977: 216</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 30, fig. 1a–e.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFC49FDED6B15FD1E" author="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D. &amp; Dikanovic, V. &amp; Milosevic, S. &amp; Cakic, P." box="[964,1338,635,659]" page="35" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFC49FDED6B15FD1E" author="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D. &amp; Dikanovic, V. &amp; Milosevic, S. &amp; Cakic, P." box="[964,1338,635,659]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="35 - 36" refId="ref11675" refString="Jakovcev-Todorovic, D., Dikanovic, V. Milosevic, S. &amp; Cakic, P. (2006) Discovery of polychaete species Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 in the Serbian sector of the Danube. Archive of Biological Science, 58 (4), 35 - 36. https: // doi. org / 10.2298 / ABS 060435 PJ" type="journal article" year="2006">
Jakovčev-Todorović
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFB2FFDEA6AF9FD1E" box="[1186,1238,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
2006: 35
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFF4AFD0C6C3DFD3F" author="Popescu-Marinescu, V." box="[199,530,666,690]" page="23" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="2008">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFF4AFD0C6C3DFD3F" author="Popescu-Marinescu, V." box="[199,530,666,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref12446" refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. (2008) Spreading and ecology of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Romanian Danube stretch. Romanian Journal of Biology, Zoology, 52 / 53, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="2008">Popescu-Marinescu 2008: 23–31</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFDBDFD0C6D73FD3F" author="Atanackovic, A. &amp; Zoric, K. &amp; Tomovic, J. &amp; Ilic, M. &amp; Tubic, B. &amp; Csanyi, B. &amp; Paunivic, M." box="[560,860,666,690]" page="621" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="2020">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFDBDFD0C6D73FD3F" author="Atanackovic, A. &amp; Zoric, K. &amp; Tomovic, J. &amp; Ilic, M. &amp; Tubic, B. &amp; Csanyi, B. &amp; Paunivic, M." box="[560,860,666,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="619 - 622" refId="ref10276" refString="Atanackovic, A., Zoric, K., Tomovic, J., Ilic, M., Tubic, B., Csanyi, B. &amp; Paunivic, M. (2020) Range extension of the Ponto- Caspian polychaete Manayunkia capsica Annenkova, 1929 (Annelida: Fabriciidae) in the Danube River. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 72 (4), 619 - 622." type="journal article" year="2020">
Atanacković
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFD36FD0D6CC1FD3F" box="[699,750,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
2020: 621
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, fig. 1.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFC3AFD0C6AB3FD3F" author="Pavel, A. B. &amp; Menabit, S. &amp; Pop, I. C. &amp; Stanescu, I." box="[951,1180,666,690]" page="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="2021">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFC3AFD0C6AB3FD3F" author="Pavel, A. B. &amp; Menabit, S. &amp; Pop, I. C. &amp; Stanescu, I." box="[951,1180,666,690]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref12323" refString="Pavel, A. B., Menabit, S., Pop, I. C. &amp; Stanescu, I. (2021) The spatio-temporal distribution in the lower sector of the Danube River and in Danube delta. Global Ecology and Conservation, 28 (1 - 2), e 01623. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. gecco. 2021. e 01623" type="journal article" year="2021">
Pavel
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFC77FD0D6A02FD3F" box="[1018,1069,666,690]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">et al.</emphasis>
2021: 6–7
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, fig. 5.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB39284AFFC8C62CFF1AFD2F6F1BFD62" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
Not
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFF4EFD2E6C88FD5C" author="Annenkova, N. P." box="[195,679,696,721]" page="20" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="1929">
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC8C62CFF4EFD2E6C88FD5C" ID-CoL="3XSX5" authority="Annenkova, 1929 a: 18 - 20" authorityName="Annenkova" authorityPageNumber="18 - 20" authorityYear="1929" box="[195,679,696,721]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF4EFD2E6FBAFD5D" box="[195,405,696,720]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Manayunkia caspica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFE14FD2E6C88FD5C" author="Annenkova, N. P." box="[409,679,696,721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref10193" refString="Annenkova, N. P. (1929 a) Uber die pontokaspischen Polychaeten. II. Die Gattungen H ypaniola, Parhypania, Fabricia und Manayunkia. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, 30, 13 - 20." type="journal article" year="1929">Annenkova, 1929a: 18–20</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 3, fig. 1–4, pl. 4, fig. 10–12.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFC72FD2E6B0AFD5C" author="Zenkewitsch, L. A." box="[1023,1317,696,721]" page="199" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFC72FD2E6B0AFD5C" author="Zenkewitsch, L. A." box="[1023,1317,696,721]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="195 - 203" refId="ref12930" refString="Zenkewitsch, L. A. (1935) Uber das Vorkommen der Brackwasserpolychaete Manayunkia (M. polaris n. sp.) an der Murmankuste. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 109, 195 - 203." type="journal article" year="1935">Zenkewitsch 1935: 199–201</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A882975FFC8C62CFAC9FD2F6F1FFD62" author="Hartman, O." page="389" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" year="1951">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC8C62CFAC9FD2F6F1FFD62" author="Hartman, O." pageId="10" pageNumber="455" pagination="379 - 391" refId="ref11444" refString="Hartman, O. (1951) Fabricinae (feather-duster polychaetous annelids) in the Pacific. Pacific Science, 4 (4), 379 - 391." type="journal article" year="1951">Hartman 1951: 389</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3335CEFFFC8C62CFF1AFC8B6F69FB12" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC8C62CFF1AFC8B6F69FB12" blockId="10.[151,1437,797,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF1AFC8B6F3DFCBA" bold="true" box="[151,274,797,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Eight thoracic and three abdominal chaetigers. Pectinated radioles present. Unbranched vascularized ventral filamentous appendages present. Dorsal lips erect, rounded. Anterior margin of anterior peristomial ring developed as a low membranous collar with distinct ventral lobe; anterior peristomial ring narrowly separated mid-dorsally; ciliated band ventrally on the posterior margin of the anterior peristomial ring. Border between anterior and posterior peristomial ring clearly visible. Inferior thoracic notochaetae on chaetigers 1 and 6–8 narrowly hooded, and pseudo-spatulate on chaetigers 2–5. Thoracic uncini of chaetigers 2–5 or 2–8 (sexual dimorphism?) with main fang and towards apical with about 4 rows of progressively smaller teeth. Where these uncini absent (females?), i.e., segments 6–8, transitional uncini without main fang and a multitude of rows of small, equal-sized teeth present. Dentate region of abdominal uncini with about 6–8 rows of equal-sized teeth, manubrium about three to four times as long as dentate region. Peristomial eyes black, pygidial eyes absent. Females with pigmented spermathecae and brood chamber.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3335CEFFFC8C62CFF4AFB3F6FE5FAD9" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC8C62CFF4AFB3F6FE5FAD9" blockId="10.[151,1437,797,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF4AFB3F6F97FB4E" bold="true" box="[199,440,1193,1219]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B410539FFC8C62CFE4BFB3F6F66FB6A" collectingDate="2022-02-15" collectingDateMax="2022-09-02" collectingDateMin="2022-02-15" collectionCode="EMZ" country="Austria" county="Jochenstein" latitude="48.2375" location="Danube" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="14.505834" municipality="Oberloiben" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2671, ZSRO-P2672, ZSRO-P2673" specimenCount="17">
<collectingCountry id="F33E4FF4FFC8C62CFE4BFB3F6C34FB4E" box="[454,539,1193,1219]" name="Austria" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Austria</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EF659BFFFC8C62CFDA0FB3F6CA6FB4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380BE72FFC8C629FF1AFE206A74FA26:8EF659BFFFC8C62CFDA0FB3F6CA6FB4E" box="[557,649,1193,1219]" country="Austria" county="Jochenstein" latitude="48.2375" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="14.505834" municipality="Oberloiben" name="Danube" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Danube</location>
:
<location id="8EF659BFFFC8C62CFD17FB3F6D29FB4E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380BE72FFC8C629FF1AFE206A74FA26:8EF659BFFFC8C62CFD17FB3F6D29FB4E" box="[666,774,1193,1219]" country="Austria" county="Jochenstein" latitude="48.2375" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="14.505834" municipality="Oberloiben" name="Hainburg" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Hainburg</location>
,
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,
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, date
<date id="FF9729A4FFC8C62CFB0EFB3F6B2BFB49" box="[1155,1284,1193,1220]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-02-15">
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</date>
,
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(
<specimenCode id="DB8FA71FFFC8C62CFF12FB5B6F12FB6A" box="[159,317,1229,1255]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">ZSRO-P2671</specimenCode>
),
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<materialsCitation id="3B410539FFC8C62CFEDCFB5B6B25FB6A" box="[337,1290,1229,1256]" collectingDate="2022-02-15" collectingDateMax="2022-09-02" collectingDateMin="2022-02-15" collectionCode="EMZ" country="Austria" county="Jochenstein" latitude="48.2375" location="Danube" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="14.505834" municipality="Oberloiben" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2671, ZSRO-P2672, ZSRO-P2673" specimenCount="17">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2951EFFC8C62CFEDCFB5B6FFDFB6A" box="[337,466,1229,1255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Oberloiben</collectingMunicipality>
,
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,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D69A3FFC8C62CFDFFFB5B6CDAFB65" box="[626,757,1229,1256]" degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="31.22" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="15.520333">15°31.22’E</geoCoordinate>
, date
<date id="FF9729A4FFC8C62CFCB5FB5B6D96FB65" box="[824,953,1229,1256]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-02-15">
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</date>
,
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(
<specimenCode id="DB8FA71FFFC8C62CFBEDFB5B6AD0FB6A" box="[1120,1279,1229,1255]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">ZSRO-P2672</specimenCode>
),
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<materialsCitation id="3B410539FFC8C62CFA9EFB5B6DEBFA86" collectingDate="2022-02-15" collectingDateMax="2022-09-02" collectingDateMin="2022-02-15" collectionCode="EMZ" country="Austria" county="Jochenstein" latitude="48.2375" location="Danube" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="14.505834" municipality="Oberloiben" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2671, ZSRO-P2672, ZSRO-P2673" specimenCount="17">
<collectingCounty id="62F777E8FFC8C62CFA9EFB5B6BB6FB6A" box="[1299,1433,1229,1255]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Jochenstein</collectingCounty>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D69A3FFC8C62CFF1AFB676F32FA86" box="[151,285,1265,1291]" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="31.16" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="48.519333">48°31.16’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D69A3FFC8C62CFEA1FB676F80FA86" box="[300,431,1265,1291]" degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="42.06" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="13.701">13°42.06’E</geoCoordinate>
, date
<date id="FF9729A4FFC8C62CFE7AFB676C57FA86" box="[503,632,1265,1291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-09-02">
<collectingDate id="EFD3D04CFFC8C62CFE7AFB676C57FA86" box="[503,632,1265,1291]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-09-02">09.02.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2FC4EDFFC8C62CFD0BFB676D27FA86" box="[646,776,1265,1291]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode id="DB8FA71FFFC8C62CFC97FB676D96FA86" box="[794,953,1265,1291]" collectionCode="ZSRO-P" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">ZSRO-P2673</specimenCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B410539FFC8C62CFC42FB676C85FABD" collectingDate="2022-02-15" collectingDateMax="2022-09-02" collectingDateMin="2022-02-15" collectionCode="EMZ" country="Austria" county="Jochenstein" latitude="48.2375" location="Danube" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="14.505834" municipality="Oberloiben" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2671, ZSRO-P2672, ZSRO-P2673" specimenCount="17">
Nussdorf,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D69A3FFC8C62CFBCAFB676AE3FA81" box="[1095,1228,1265,1292]" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="15.39" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="48.2565">48°15.39’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D69A3FFC8C62CFB51FB676B70FA86" box="[1244,1375,1265,1291]" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="22.12" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="16.368668">16°22.12’E</geoCoordinate>
, date
<date id="FF9729A4FFC8C62CFF1AFA836F37FABD" box="[151,280,1301,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFD3D04CFFC8C62CFF1AFA836F37FABD" box="[151,280,1301,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-02-15">15.02.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2FC4EDFFC8C62CFEAEFA806F81FAA2" box="[291,430,1301,1328]" count="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="generic">7 specimens</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED3897A1FFC8C62CFE31FA836FD6FAA2" box="[444,505,1301,1327]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">EMZ</collectionCode>
Rostock 9511),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B410539FFC8C62CFD3CFA836FE9FAD9" collectingDate="2022-02-15" collectingDateMax="2022-09-02" collectingDateMin="2022-02-15" collectionCode="EMZ" country="Austria" county="Jochenstein" latitude="48.2375" location="Danube" longLatPrecision="11" longitude="14.505834" municipality="Oberloiben" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" specimenCode="ZSRO-P2671, ZSRO-P2672, ZSRO-P2673" specimenCount="17">
Enghagen,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D69A3FFC8C62CFCBDFA836D99FABD" box="[816,950,1301,1328]" degrees="48" direction="north" minutes="14.25" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="48.2375">48°14.25’N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D69A3FFC8C62CFC4FFA836A6AFABD" box="[962,1093,1301,1328]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="30.35" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" precision="9" value="14.505834">14°30.35’E</geoCoordinate>
, date
<date id="FF9729A4FFC8C62CFB0BFA836B28FABD" box="[1158,1287,1301,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-02-15">
<collectingDate id="EFD3D04CFFC8C62CFB0BFA836B28FABD" box="[1158,1287,1301,1328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" value="2022-02-15">15.02.2022</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<specimenCount id="9D2FC4EDFFC8C62CFA9FFA836BB2FAA2" box="[1298,1437,1301,1327]" count="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
(NHMW-ZOO-EV-21535)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3335CEFFFC8C62DFF4AFACB6CD9F984" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC8C62CFF4AFACB6C4FF98A" blockId="10.[151,1437,797,2012]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC8C62CFF4AFACB6F76FAFA" bold="true" box="[199,345,1373,1399]" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Description.</emphasis>
Specimens with eight thoracic and three abdominal chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFBDBFACB6AF5FAFA" box="[1110,1242,1373,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A, E</figureCitation>
); total length of specimens, including radiolar crown, between 2.2 and
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC8C62CFC85FA176D4CFA11" box="[776,867,1409,1436]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
; width between
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC8C62CFBADFA176AA9FA11" box="[1056,1158,1409,1436]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC8C62CFB4DFA176B06FA11" box="[1216,1321,1409,1436]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
; length of radiolar crown between
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC8C62CFE21FA336C3EFA4D" box="[428,529,1445,1472]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.21">0.21 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC8C62CFDC6FA336C9FFA4D" box="[587,688,1445,1472]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.38">0.38 mm</quantity>
(exceptionally
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC8C62CFCECFA336DE7FA32" box="[865,968,1445,1472]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" unit="mm" value="0.53">0.53 mm</quantity>
) (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFC6CFA336A52FA32" box="[993,1149,1445,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A–C, E</figureCitation>
); ratio between length of radiolar crown and body length, without radiolar crown, between 0.1 and 0.2; body cylindrical, slender, slightly tapering posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFE0EFA7B6C7DF98A" box="[387,594,1517,1544]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A, D, F, H, I</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC8C62DFF4AF9876A04FEE8" blockId="10.[151,1437,797,2012]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="456" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">
Radiolar crown with three pairs of radioles and one pair of unbranched vascularized ventral filamentous appendages (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFEA1F9A36F84F9C2" box="[300,427,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
); surface of radioles and ventral filamentous appendages wrinkled (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFB34F9A36B17F9C2" box="[1209,1336,1589,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
); ventral filamentous appendages and all branches of radioles end at about same height (6A–C, E); radiolar lobes completely separated from one another (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFE58F9EB6C63F91A" box="[469,588,1661,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8D–F</figureCitation>
); first dorsal radioles branch off from the branchial lobe, median and ventral radioles arise from a common base (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFDA0F9376C87F936" box="[557,680,1697,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8B–D</figureCitation>
); ventral and median radioles asymmetrical branched or pectinated, dorsal radioles unbranched (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFE55F9536C78F952" box="[472,599,1733,1759]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–D</figureCitation>
); ventral radioles with 5 (left and right lobe), median radioles with 4 (left and right lobe) branches (only
<specimenCount id="9D2FC4EDFFC8C62CFE62F97C6CA6F88E" box="[495,649,1769,1796]" count="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="455" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
examined) (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFC98F97F6DBFF88E" box="[789,912,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8B–D</figureCitation>
); no morphological differences in the structure of the branches, except ventral filamentous appendages (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFC9EF89B6DA2F8AA" box="[787,909,1805,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
); branches of radioles and vascularized ventral filamentous appendages rectangular to square in cross-section, extension about 16–30 x 24–32 µm and 35–40 x 43–56 µm, respectively (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFE34F8C36C39F8E2" box="[441,534,1877,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
); vascularized ventral filamentous appendages with blood vessel (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFA99F8C36BBFF8E2" box="[1300,1424,1877,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–F</figureCitation>
), connecting to corresponding dorsally located branchial heart (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFCE5F8EF6DEAF81E" box="[872,965,1913,1939]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
); epidermis of radioles and vascularized ventral filamentous appendages medially with ciliated and laterally with non-ciliated epithelial cells; ciliated cells constitute a shallow food groove of radioles (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC8C62CFD1EF8576D20F856" box="[659,783,1985,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="455">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
); center of branches of radioles occupied by a large cavity bordered by a narrow band of cells; radioles with cylindrical cells laterally; extracellular matrix not visible between epithelia (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFE87FF2D6FA6FF58" box="[266,393,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 8A–C</figureCitation>
). Dorsal lips as triangular lobes, rounded at the upper margin, with ciliated epithelium all around (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFF7EFF496F46FF74" box="[243,361,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" captionTargetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetId="figure-29@14.[183,1403,181,1689]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 8. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 8B–F</figureCitation>
); about 20 to 30 µm long, dorsal lips connect dorsal radioli with vascularized ventral filamentous appendages; between base of branchial lobes and base of the dorsal lips, ciliated food groove forms as a continuation of the ciliated epithelial cells of the radioli, which extends ventrally to the mouth opening; mouth opening bounded ventrally by the anterior peristomial ring. Ventral lips or lip-like processes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AFEF96C9EFDB0" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
Peristomium slightly longer than first chaetiger, about as long as chaetiger 2, consisting of anterior and posterior ring; anterior peristomial ring distinctly shorter than posterior one (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFC65FE056A4CFE20" box="[1000,1123,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
); anterior margin of anterior peristomial ring developed as low membranous collar ventrally, narrowly separated mid-dorsally (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFA9DFE216BA0FE5C" box="[1296,1423,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
); ciliated band present ventrally on posterior margin of anterior peristomial ring (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFBB0FE4D6AB3FE78" box="[1085,1180,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Figs 6C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFB20FE4D6AFDFE78" box="[1197,1234,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">9A</figureCitation>
); border between anterior and posterior peristomial rings clearly visible (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFC9BFE696DBAFD94" box="[790,917,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6B, C</figureCitation>
); one pair of rounded black peristomial eyes present. Females with pigmented spermathecae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AFDD16E98FD24" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
Faecal groove dorsally deeply sunken in peristomial region, considerably lower on first and following chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFF12FDFD6ED4FD08" box="[159,251,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Figs 6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFE8AFDFD6F04FD08" box="[263,299,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">9B</figureCitation>
); shifting from dorsal midline to ventral midline at border between thorax and abdomen (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFA96FDFD6E85FD24" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A, D, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AFD256D45FD7C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
Metanephridia located in peristomium and first two chaetigers; nephridial duct first paired, then unpaired; nephropore dorsally between base of radiolar lobes (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFD6EFD416D73FD7C" box="[739,860,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="15.[152,255,742,766]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,716]" captionTargetId="figure-19@15.[151,1436,181,719]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 9. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AFD6D6F30FB9C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
First chaetiger slightly shorter than peristomium and second chaetiger, chaetigers 2 to 4 successively longer, chaetiger 5 slightly shorter than chaetiger 4; chaetigers 6 and especially 7 significantly longer, chaetiger 8 shorter again; first 5 thoracic chaetigers wider than long, last 3 thoracic chaetigers distinctly longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFAB1FCD56E84FC0C" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A, E</figureCitation>
); borders between thoracic chaetigers usually clear visible, except between last 3 thoracic chaetigers (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFAB9FCF16BA0FC0C" box="[1332,1423,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
), especially with females, if a brood chamber is present (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFC80FC1D6D49FC28" box="[781,870,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
); abdominal chaetigers short; abdomen, including pygidium, in total about as long as chaetiger 8 (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFD22FC396D26FC44" box="[687,777,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
); pygidium about same length as chaetiger 10, terminating as rounded lobe (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFED8FC456C0EFC60" box="[341,545,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6A, D, F, H, I</figureCitation>
); pygidium with fields of small epidermal glandular openings (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFB53FC456B03FC60" box="[1246,1324,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-29@12.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs.A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 6I</figureCitation>
); pygidial eyes absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AFB8D6F72FA4C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
First chaetiger with 2–3 short and 3–5 elongate, narrowly hooded notochaetae, neuropodial uncini absent (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFAE2FB8D6E92FBD4" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
); notopodia of chaetigers 2–5 superiorly with 4–6 elongate, narrowly hooded and inferiorly with 2–4 pseudospatulate chaetae (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFEE8FBF56FF2FBF0" box="[357,477,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7B, C</figureCitation>
); notopodia of chaetigers 6–8 superiorly with 4–6 elongate, narrowly hooded and 3–4 short, narrowly hooded chaetae (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFD8EFB116C72FB2C" box="[515,605,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
); neuropodia of chaetigers 2–6 or 2–8 with 6–8 (rarely 4) uncini with main fang and towards apical with about 4 rows of progressively smaller teeth (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFC44FB3D6A12FB48" box="[969,1085,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7F, G</figureCitation>
); sometimes uncini in a slightly offset double row (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFEFCFB596FE2FB64" box="[369,461,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7G</figureCitation>
); in a number of specimens, 3–5 transitional uncini on chaetigers 6–8, different from thoracic uncini on chaetigers 2–5; apical region of transitional uncini slightly longer than those of regular thoracic uncini, without main fang but with a multitude of rows of small, equal-sized teeth (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFBB9FA816AA5FABC" box="[1076,1162,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
); abdominal neuropodia with 3–5 elongate and 2–4 short, narrowly hooded chaetae (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFCCEFAAD6DB3FAD8" box="[835,924,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
); abdominal notopodia with 13–18 uncini on chaetigers 9, 8–12 uncini on chaetiger 10, and 5–12 uncini on chaetiger 11, respectively; abdominal uncini with about 6–8 rows of equal-sized teeth, about 5–6 teeth per row (
<figureCitation id="131213E1FFC9C62DFCC4FA156DB7FA10" box="[841,920,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetId="figure-19@13.[151,1435,181,1768]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Manayunkia danubialis Băcescu, 1944 n. comb., SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
); manubrium about three to four times as long as dentate region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AFA5D6CD9F984" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Females with brood chamber on chaetigers 6–8. Fixed specimens translucent, however radiolar crown, anterior intestinal region and nephridia are brownish in colour.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3335CEFFFC9C62DFF4AF9856FBDF850" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AF9856D10F8A4" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFF4AF9856F14F9A0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFECDF9856C68F9A0" authorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[320,583,1555,1581]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFECDF9856C68F9A0" box="[320,583,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Manayunkia danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFC9C62DFDC1F9856C83F9A0" box="[588,684,1555,1581]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
most closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFC39F9856A02F9A1" authorityName="Annenkova" authorityYear="1929" box="[948,1069,1555,1580]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFC39F9856A02F9A1" box="[948,1069,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">M. caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described above. The differences between the two species are described in the Remarks on
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFCA9F9A16D8FF9DD" authorityName="Annenkova" authorityYear="1929" box="[804,928,1591,1616]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFCA9F9A16D8FF9DD" box="[804,928,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">M. caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These differences are not very conspicuous. The character states also overlap. This is mainly because diagnostic characters, such as the number of thoracic and abdominal uncini, vary depending on the size of the specimens (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFC9C62DFCE7F9E96DCBF914" author="Bick, A." box="[874,996,1662,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" pagination="41 - 53" refId="ref10647" refString="Bick, A. (1995) Entwicklungsbedingte Veranderungen von morphologischen Merkmalen bei Marenzelleria viridis (Verill), Spionidae) und Manayunkia aestuarina (Bourne), Sabellidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 92 (Erganzungsband), 41 - 53." type="journal article" year="1995">Bick 1995</bibRefCitation>
). However, a comparison of specimens of comparable size shows that the number of thoracic uncini is greater in
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFC42F9356A45F930" authorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[975,1130,1699,1725]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFC42F9356A45F930" box="[975,1130,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">M. danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFC9C62DFBFFF9356AFBF930" box="[1138,1236,1699,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFAF3F9356F22F96C" authorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFAF3F9356F22F96C" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">M. danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFC9C62DFE98F9516F58F96C" box="[277,375,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
longer than
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC9C62DFD89F9516C6AF96C" box="[516,581,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
have on average 6–8 thoracic uncini, while those smaller than
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC9C62DFA87F9506B4FF96C" box="[1290,1376,1734,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
have only 2–4. In contrast, specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFDABF97D6C8DF889" authorityName="Annenkova" authorityYear="1929" box="[550,674,1771,1796]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="caspica">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFDABF97D6C8DF889" box="[550,674,1771,1796]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">M. caspica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that are longer than
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC9C62DFC05F97D6DE7F888" box="[904,968,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
have on average only 3–4 thoracic uncini and those that are smaller than
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFC9C62DFE79F8986C65F8A4" box="[500,586,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
have also 2–4 uncini.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AF8A56D33F8FC" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
As the Danube population has already been described as subspecies
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFC66F8A56AC5F8C0" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" box="[1003,1258,1843,1869]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="subSpecies" species="caspica" subSpecies="danubialis">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFC66F8A56AC5F8C0" box="[1003,1258,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">M. caspica danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, an erection to species status becomes necessary,
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFC9C62DFD95F8C16C9CF8FC" authorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[536,691,1879,1905]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="n. comb.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFD95F8C16C9CF8FC" box="[536,691,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">M. danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFC9C62DFD37F8C16D33F8FC" box="[698,796,1879,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFC9C62DFF4AF8EC6FBDF850" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFC9C62DFF4AF8EC6FDDF819" bold="true" box="[199,498,1914,1940]" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
So far only known from the Danube (
<collectingCountry id="F33E4FF4FFC9C62DFC3EF8ED6A37F818" box="[947,1048,1915,1941]" name="Romania" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Romania</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F33E4FF4FFC9C62DFBB2F8ED6AB8F818" box="[1087,1175,1915,1941]" name="Austria" pageId="11" pageNumber="456">Austria</collectingCountry>
). A further invasion of the upper Danube and its tributaries is likely. This means that migration beyond the Danube into Germany’s river systems will continue.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF565FECFFCEC62AFF15F8966F21F841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733207" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733207" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733207/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" startId="12.[152,255,1792,1816]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFCEC62AFF15F8966F21F841" blockId="12.[151,1437,1792,1996]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCEC62AFF15F8966F37F895" bold="true" box="[152,280,1792,1816]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFCEC62AFE93F8966C88F895" authority="Bacescu, 1944" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[286,679,1792,1816]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCEC62AFE93F8966C41F89A" box="[286,622,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="457">
Manayunkia danubialis
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCEC62AFD9EF8966C41F89A" author="Bacescu" box="[531,622,1792,1815]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref10430" refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica &quot; Vasile Adamachi &quot;, IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153." type="journal article" year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1944
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFCEC62AFD21F8966D28F895" box="[684,775,1792,1816]" pageId="12" pageNumber="457" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SEM micrographs. A. Total view of a complete specimen, lateral view. B. Anterior end, dorso-lateral view. C. Anterior end, ventral view. D Posterior end, lateral view; arrow pointing to the shift of the position of the faecal groove. E. Total view of a female, dorso-lateral view. F. Posterior end with anal opening and faecal groove, ventral view. G. Chaetigers 7 and 8; note the orientation of the thoracal uncini. H. Posterior end; lateral view. I. Posterior end of pygidium; arrows pointing to fields of epidermal gland openings. Scale bars. A, E 200 µm, B–D, F, G 100 µm, H, I 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF565FECFFCFC62BFF15F8966EEFF841" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733209" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733209" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733209/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="458" startId="13.[152,255,1792,1816]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1768]" targetPageId="13" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFCFC62BFF15F8966EEFF841" blockId="13.[151,1437,1792,1996]" pageId="13" pageNumber="458">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCFC62BFF15F8966F37F895" bold="true" box="[152,280,1792,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="458">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFCFC62BFE93F8966C87F895" authority="Bacescu, 1944" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[286,680,1792,1816]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="13" pageNumber="458" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCFC62BFE93F8966C40F89A" box="[286,623,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="458">
Manayunkia danubialis
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCFC62BFD99F8966C40F89A" author="Bacescu" box="[532,623,1792,1815]" pageId="13" pageNumber="458" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref10430" refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica &quot; Vasile Adamachi &quot;, IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153." type="journal article" year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1944
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFCFC62BFD23F8966D26F895" box="[686,777,1792,1816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="458" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, SEM micrographs. A. Notopodium of chaetiger 1 with short and long, narrowly hooded chaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 2 with pseudo-spatulate and long narrowly hooded chaetae. C. Pseudo-spatulate chaetae of chaetiger 3. D. Inferior thoracic notochaetae of chaetiger 7. E. Abdominal neurochaetae of chaetiger 9. F. Thoracic uncini of chaetiger 2. G. Thoracic neuropodium of chaetiger 3; note the slightly offset arrangement of uncini. H. Transitional uncini of chaetiger 8. I. Abdominal uncini of chaetiger 9. Scale bars. A, B 20 µm, C–E, I 5 µm, F, H 2 µm, G 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF565FECFFCCC628FF15F9266C42F864" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733211" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733211" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733211/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="459" startId="14.[152,255,1712,1736]" targetBox="[183,1403,181,1689]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFCCC628FF15F9266C42F864" blockId="14.[151,1437,1712,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="459">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCCC628FF15F9266F36F945" bold="true" box="[152,281,1712,1736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="459">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFCCC628FEACF9276C80F944" authority="Bacescu, 1944" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[289,687,1713,1737]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="459" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCCC628FEACF9276C5AF945" box="[289,629,1713,1737]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="459">
Manayunkia danubialis
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCCC628FD97F9276C5AF945" author="Bacescu" box="[538,629,1713,1736]" pageId="14" pageNumber="459" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref10430" refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica &quot; Vasile Adamachi &quot;, IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153." type="journal article" year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1944
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFCCC628FD3AF9276D3CF944" box="[695,787,1713,1737]" pageId="14" pageNumber="459" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, semithin sections (1 µm) through radiolar crown. A. Branches of radioles and ventral vascularized filamentous appendages, all separated. B. Branches of ventral and median radioles start to fuse; left dorsal lip visible (100 µm basal of section A). C. Fusion of branches of ventral and median radioles continues, dorsal radioles still separated; dorsal lips visible (28 µm basal of section B). D. Left ventral and median radioles fused, dorsal radioles still separated; left ventral vascularized filamentous appendage and dorsal lip fused (16 µm basal of section C). E. Radioles fused, and connected to ventral vascularized filamentous appendage by dorsal lips (40 µm basal of section D). F. Branchial heart dorsally, and ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe visible (16 µm basal of section E). Scale bars A–F 100 µm (abbr: bh branchial heart, dl dorsal lips, dr dorsal radiole, mr median radiole, v aprl ventral anterior peristomial ring lobe, vr ventral radiole, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF565FECFFCDC629FF15FD706FB4FC02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12733213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12733213" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12733213/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" startId="15.[152,255,742,766]" targetBox="[151,1436,187,716]" targetPageId="15" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFCDC629FF15FD706FB4FC02" blockId="15.[151,1437,742,911]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCDC629FF15FD706F34FD73" bold="true" box="[152,283,742,766]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFCDC629FEA9FD716C9AFD72" authority="Bacescu, 1944" authorityName="Bacescu" authorityYear="1944" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[292,693,743,767]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCDC629FEA9FD716C55FD73" box="[292,634,743,767]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">
Manayunkia danubialis
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCDC629FD92FD716C55FD73" author="Bacescu" box="[543,634,743,766]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" pagination="2 - 3" refId="ref10430" refString="Bacescu M. (1944) Urme de fauna marina in apele Dunarii la Cazanele Si Porțile de Fier. Revista Stiințifica &quot; Vasile Adamachi &quot;, IaSi, 30 (2 - 3), 151 - 153." type="journal article" year="1944">Băcescu,</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
1944
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFCDC629FD33FD716D33FD72" box="[702,796,743,767]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, semithin sections (1 µm) through base of radiolar crown. A. Base of radiolar crown, junction of the blood vessel from dorsal branchial heart to ventral vascularized filamentous appendages visible. B. Cross-section through the peristomial region lobe (43 µm basal of section A). Scale bars A, B 100 µm (abbr: aprl anterior peristomial ring lobe, bh branchial heart, fg faecal groove, np nephropore, oe oesophagus, vvfa ventral vascularized filamentous appendages).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3335CEFFFCDC629FF4AFC766A74FA26" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFCDC629FF4AFC766FE7FA96" blockId="15.[151,1437,992,1451]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCDC629FF4AFC766F08FC77" bold="true" box="[199,295,992,1018]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">Biology.</emphasis>
The following information on the biology of the species comes from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCDC629FBA9FC776B65FC76" author="Popescu-Marinescu, V. P." box="[1060,1354,993,1019]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" pagination="87 - 100" refId="ref12397" refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. P. (1964) La reproduction et le developpement des polychetes reliques ponto-Caspiens du Danube: Hypania kowalewskii (Grimm) et Manayunkia caspica Ann. Revue Roumaine de Biologie, Serie de Zoologie, 9 (2), 87 - 100." type="journal article" year="1964">Popescu-Marinescu (1964</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCDC629FAD9FC776BBEFC76" author="Popescu-Marinescu, V." box="[1364,1425,993,1019]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref12446" refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. (2008) Spreading and ecology of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Romanian Danube stretch. Romanian Journal of Biology, Zoology, 52 / 53, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFCDC629FF1AFB936F8EFB92" authorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[151,417,1029,1055]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCDC629FF1AFB936F8EFB92" box="[151,417,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">Manayunkia danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFCDC629FE27FB936C22FB92" box="[426,525,1029,1055]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
reaches abundances of thousands of specimens per one square meter in suitable habitats in the Romanian Danube. Females have oocytes in chaetiger 5 and males have sperm in chaetigers 6–8. Eggs are about
<quantity id="4CD1A281FFCDC629FECBFBDB6FC6FBEA" box="[326,489,1101,1127]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.23" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.23 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Chaetigers 6–8 of females are elongate and form a brood chamber. The peak of reproduction is in May. More than 40 per cent of individuals are then egg-carrying females. Another peak of egg laying is assumed to occur autumn (September–November). The egg-laying and development of larvae takes place in the maternal tube. Three to
<specimenCount id="9D2FC4EDFFCDC629FDBEFB2F6CE3FB5E" box="[563,716,1209,1236]" count="15" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
(mean number 8) in various stages of development were found simultaneously in the tubes of the females. A comparable reproductive period was described for
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFCDC629FB4EFB486B4FFB7A" baseAuthorityName="Bourne" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1219,1376,1246,1271]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aestuarina">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCDC629FB4EFB486B4FFB7A" box="[1219,1376,1246,1271]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">M. aestuarina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Baltic Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCDC629FECCFA976F94FA96" author="Bick, A." box="[321,443,1281,1307]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" pagination="287 - 298" refId="ref10695" refString="Bick, A. (1996) Reproduction and larval development of Manayunkia aestuarina (Bourne, 1883) (Polychaeta, Sabellidae) in a coastal region of the southern Baltic. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 50, 287 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02367157" type="journal article" year="1996">Bick 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFCDC629FF4AFAB36A55FAEE" blockId="15.[151,1437,992,1451]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">In the specimens we examined, two early developmental stages of 200 µm length were found in a maternal tube in February (study site Nussdorf), indicating an onset of the reproduction in early spring.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B960F64FFCDC629FF4AFAFB6A74FA26" blockId="15.[151,1437,992,1451]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCDC629FF4AFAFB6F03FA0A" bold="true" box="[199,300,1389,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">Ecology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2974E7FFCDC629FEBEFAFB6C12FA0A" authorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Bick &amp; Oberrisser &amp; Bastrop" baseAuthorityYear="1944" box="[307,573,1389,1415]" class="Polychaeta" family="Fabriciidae" genus="Manayunkia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="danubialis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DD376FFCDC629FEBEFAFB6C12FA0A" box="[307,573,1389,1415]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="460">Manayunkia danubialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E6E0DFFCDC629FDCBFAFB6C87FA0A" box="[582,680,1389,1415]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" rank="species">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a species that does not tolerate large salinity fluctuations, prefer oxygen-rich and stony habitats mainly in the riparian area (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB87295FFCDC629FCA1FA076A60FA26" author="Popescu-Marinescu, V." box="[812,1103,1425,1451]" pageId="15" pageNumber="460" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref12446" refString="Popescu-Marinescu, V. (2008) Spreading and ecology of Manayunkia caspica Annenkova, 1929 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Romanian Danube stretch. Romanian Journal of Biology, Zoology, 52 / 53, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="2008">Popescu-Marinescu 2008</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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