676 lines
81 KiB
XML
676 lines
81 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E9889829EB4247F49D4BD67B54E0848D">Review of the flower-inhabiting water scavenger beetle genus Cycreon (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae), with descriptions of new species and comments on its biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4E8F4CC56D2A685F0139340CDF9575FB">Arriaga-Varela, Emmanuel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB5AF4F6873CC2D933CBC7130FBCFECE">Wong, Sin Yeng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="77AC781C4748AF294389B1AA388CB0EC">Kirejtshuk, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A9EADB5697E8CD2D4FEEF9538F732A10">Fikacek, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="750B2D92BCC838EF1475E9AAEA762F7F">Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D880582EEF8BD76FE48DF9C5088CF914">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="178E409217E2D3C564B3140C57972EC5">65</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="A6F4AF532ED34006EE7302283370E1C7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="ECE68CE4CB91C8FFF158F8062A25C647" ID-GBIF-Taxon="145939619" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ADFC83BC-973B-4A18-AE6F-B906027D49A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ECE68CE4CB91C8FFF158F8062A25C647" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="8" pageNumber="107">
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<subSubSection id="D2C04308055E78C9613D1D6FAA8FEB99" pageId="8" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="153DBC3CF2BC84F2C48259A9691AF0A5" pageId="8" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="7445BB6A72A3CF414221CA3620ECE654" ID-CoL="5DYNZ" LSID="http://zoobank.org/ADFC83BC-973B-4A18-AE6F-B906027D49A1" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon floricola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">Cycreon floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FB8C863A77AD3B629451D8A7B0440F03" pageId="8" pageNumber="107">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1C, 3
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<normalizedToken id="932A892DF68914A65EE2D2DB7ED2FB40" originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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, 5
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<normalizedToken id="170AE113138CF9BDFEB2885A5AE4DE59" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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, 6
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<normalizedToken id="DE1CF7BD685DF29022D391F2B7B2CF3D" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6336C15401B8E627162215D4BC717432" pageId="8" pageNumber="107" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="CD902FA078637C238F8FD66BA958A053" pageId="8" pageNumber="107">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9EE14CE1E01165A905739C179011D008" pageId="8" pageNumber="107">Malaysia, Sabah, Tawau, Lahad Datu, Tawau Hills National Park, Kebun Botani, 305 m a.s.l., 4°23ʹ59.4ʺN 117°53ʹ17.2ʺE.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="281080F0748E58A4CDD3D5C7CBC31D91" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="8" pageNumber="107" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="6F72C810AB897F7E70FF2D439BD20490" pageId="8" pageNumber="107">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D8220DEE61BBCE66290864BD38B1394E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="8" pageNumber="107">
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Holotype (male: ZIN): "MALAYSIA: Sabah AR-2659 / Tawau, Lahad Datu, Tawau Hills / NP, Kebun Botani, 305m / 04°23ʹ
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<geoCoordinate id="478E88D161455C9E4FBAE8CF0D505D05" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="59.4">59.4N</geoCoordinate>
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117°53ʹ
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<geoCoordinate id="E1DB8DC26FA33BEFE699C6517EC185D4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="17.2">17.2E</geoCoordinate>
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/
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<taxonomicName id="3AC792D851090C0C9DF912BA8C631DD5" genus="Schistamoglottis" lsidName="Schistamoglottis calyptrata" pageId="8" pageNumber="107" rank="species" species="calyptrata">Schistamoglottis calyptrata</taxonomicName>
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group, / 8.vii.2016, Wong Sin Yeng, / P. C. Boyce & Zaiety binti Thomas". Paratypes: INDONESIA: Kalimantan Barat: Bengkayang
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<pageBreakToken id="1DE4A1F10632A67E0D2866FFE31E0B76" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" start="start">Pajintan</pageBreakToken>
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, Ayer Terjun Sibohe, 80 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="7A7828F1D3E82885A2BAFE776E704550" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="0.86550003">
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0°51
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<normalizedToken id="63FD70D4797D864FE000974B6B74DD06" originalValue="’55.8”">'55.8"</normalizedToken>
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N
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</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="72BED55F344060D438E2E1F6CF225E53" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.040306">
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109°2
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<normalizedToken id="D0EA23D1D5213D6E3F5E70E87EDFE890" originalValue="’25.1”">'25.1"</normalizedToken>
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E
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</geoCoordinate>
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, flowering
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<taxonomicName id="3D4C8EDAEB4152877A6D090D023714F9" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis modesta" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="modesta">Schismatoglottis modesta</taxonomicName>
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, 2.ix.2017, Wong & Boyce lgt. (AR-2812) (39: NMPC, ZIN). Kalimantan Selantan:
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<normalizedToken id="1A29BE35F4ED490A0E3FDC61552D749C" originalValue="ʻS">ʻS</normalizedToken>
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.O. Borneo / Grabowsky S. V.ʼ (1: ZMNH); Kendangan, 15.5.1882, Grabowsky S. V. [ca.: S 2.592552°, E 115.028244°] (5: ZMNH). MALAYSIA: Sabah: Tawau, Lahad Datu, Tawau Hills NP, HQ Area, 304 m, 4°23
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<normalizedToken id="8FCD6CF980D166DC9BFDFEF4CA52CF7B" originalValue="ʹ51.2”">ʹ51.2"</normalizedToken>
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N 117°53
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<normalizedToken id="465FEDF6372D7FA6D810EF67143D9B62" originalValue="ʹ25.1”">ʹ25.1"</normalizedToken>
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E, flowering
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<taxonomicName id="A0FCCB4B1438AF44818E689BB4BE7AD0" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alocasia longiloba" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiloba">Alocasia longiloba</taxonomicName>
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complex, 6.vii.2016, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AL-315) (1: ZIN); [same locality] flowering
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<taxonomicName id="700B30F0D707D0C1F2CA3ACB083759CB" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis calyptrata" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calyptrata">Schismatoglottis calyptrata</taxonomicName>
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complex, 7.vii.2016, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-2641) (101: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH, NHMW); Tawau, Lahad Datu, Tawau Hills NP, Air Terjun Bukit Gelas, 315 m, 4°24
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<normalizedToken id="2224A5FCEAB1B4FEA7E2694ADAF2E1F8" originalValue="ʹ48.4”">ʹ48.4"</normalizedToken>
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N 117°53
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<normalizedToken id="70CDAC7D01F7A9E4A59F144DD4DE693C" originalValue="ʹ29.3”">ʹ29.3"</normalizedToken>
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E, flowering
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<taxonomicName id="25B88D4BB318CBE0C1BE48A760CA0203" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Gamogyne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gamogyne loi" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loi">Gamogyne loi</taxonomicName>
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, 6.vii.2016, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-2638) (12: ZIN, NMPC); Tawau, Lahad Datu, Tawau Hills NP, Trail to Bukit Gelas, 319 m, 4°24
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<normalizedToken id="969F59CD4DCC632E6CF88CAA5C5E46BA" originalValue="ʹ37.0”">ʹ37.0"</normalizedToken>
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N 117°53
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<normalizedToken id="940D24F64B385CCBDAD499A0B37AEE14" originalValue="ʹ38.8”">ʹ38.8"</normalizedToken>
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E, flowering
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<taxonomicName id="2AF6449E5803005DB95CE90A91040544" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena hanneae" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hanneae">Homalomena hanneae</taxonomicName>
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complex, 6.vii.2016, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-2636) (18: ZIN, NMPC); [same locality] flowering
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<taxonomicName id="7BBC5F357565E69E10C498DCA76222F6" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis calyptrata" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calyptrata">Schismatoglottis calyptrata</taxonomicName>
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complex, 7.vii.2016, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-2652) (36: ZIN, NMPC); Tawau, Lahad Datu, Tawau Hills NP, Kebun Botani, 305 m, 04°23ʹ59.4ʺN 117°53ʹ17.2ʺE, flowering
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<taxonomicName id="CDDCE9AE959D405C16A9D916108660C5" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis calyptrata" order="Alismatales" pageId="9" pageNumber="108" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calyptrata">Schismatoglottis calyptrata</taxonomicName>
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complex, 8.vii.2016, Wong Sin Yeng, P.C.Boyce & Zaiety binti Thomas lgt. (AR-2659) (116: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH, NHMW, BMNH); Kg. Moyog, Jln. Tambunan, Penampang, 12.xii.2009, H. Takizawa lgt [ca. N 5.888455°, E 116.235335°] (11: EIHE, KMNH, NMPC, IBTP); [same locality and collector] 30.x.2008 (7: EIHE, KMNH); [same locality and collector,] 13.ix.2008 (7: EIHE, KMNH, IBTP); Poring park, Ranau, 19-20.ix.2008, H. Takizawa lgt [ca. N 6.047067°, E 116.703231°] (7: EIHE, KMNH, IBTP); [same locality and collector] 25-26.ix.2008 (5: EIHE, KMNH. IBTP); [same locality and collector] 8-9.i.2010 (7: EIHE, KMNH, IBTP); [same locality and collector] 11.xii.2008 (3: EIHE, KMNH); [same locality and collector] 27.v.2010 (1: EIHE); [same locality and collector] 25.ii.2009 (2: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 10.vii.2008 (1: EIHE); [same locality and collector] 12.iii.2009 (1: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 29.viii.2013 (1: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 12.iii.2009 (1: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 4-5.iv.2008 (3: KMNH, IBTP); [same locality and collector] 7.x.2012 (2: KMNH); Kg. Kiapad, Inanam, Kota Kinabalu, 7.ix.2008, H. Takizawa lgt [ca. N 5.988388°, E 116,190333°] (16: KMNH, EIHE, IBTP, NMPC); [same locality and collector] 2.i.2010 (3: KMNH, EIHE); [same locality and collector] 10.xi.2012 (16: KMNH, EIHE, IBTP, NMPC); [same locality and collector] 6.xii.2008 (18: KMNH, EIHE, IBTP, NMPC); [same locality and collector] 6.iv.2013 (7: KMNH, EIHE, IBTP); [same locality and collector] 5.vii.2008 (22: KMNH, EIHE, IBTP, NMPC); [same locality and collector] 4.x.2008 (3: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 7.xi.2009 (1: KMNH); Ulu Senagang subts., Keningau, 31.i.-2.ii.2011, H. Takizawa lgt. [ca. N 5.362946°, E 116.028679°] (14: KMNH, EIHE, IBTP); [same locality and collector] 24-26.vii.2010 (2: KMNH); Kinabalu PHQ, Ranau, 17-19.iii.2008, H. Takizawa lgt. [ca. N 6.021639°, E 116.542751°] (1: EIHE); Kinabalu Park, HQ, Ranau, 5.iii.2010, H. Takizawa lgt. [ca. N 6.021639°, E 116.542751°] (3: EIHE, KMNH); [same locality and collector] 14.iii.2012 (1: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 8.vii.2010 (2: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 23-25.iii.2010 (1: EIHE); [same locality and collector] 27-28.v.2008 (2: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 13-14.v.2010 (1: EIHE); [same locality and collector] 23-25.viii.2008 (2: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 23-25.vii.2008 (1: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 1.ii.2010 (1: KMNH); [same locality and collector] 23-24.ix.2008 (1: KMNH); [same locality
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<pageBreakToken id="B208B1DADB73A98EB01DBA6E6B833D77" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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collector] 17-19.x.2008 (1: KMNH); Muaya waterfall, Sipitang, 6-9.iii.2009, H. Takizawa lgt. [ca. N 4.903889°, E 115.760278°] (8: EIHE, KMNH, IBTP); Mahua waterfall, Crocker R. P., Tambunan, 26.vii.2011, H. Takizawa lgt [ca. N 5.797627°, E 116.408377°] (1: NMPC); Gn. Bombalai, Tawau Hills park, Tawau, 17.vi.2010, H. Takizawa lgt [ca. N 4.386858°, E 117.879748°] (4: EIHE, KMNH); Pk. Bundu Tuhan Kundasang, Ranau, 6.iii.2010, H. Takizawa lgt. [ca. N 5.996602°, E 116.528987°] (1: NMPC); Mesilau headgate, Kundasang, Ranau, 25.ii.2009, H. Takizawa lgt. [ca. N 6.044605°, E 116.596306°] (1: KMNH); Malangan, Kg. Tikolod, Tambunan, 12-14.iii.2010, H. Takizawa lgt. [ca. N 5.626763°, E 116.286933°] (1: EIHE); Pantai Barat, Kota Kinabalu, Inanam, Kionsom, Kionsom Waterfall, 230 m, 05 57 24.0N 116 12 25.3E, flowering
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<taxonomicName id="BB6C7C1E4D7BFFD7A5564A60DA2E76FF" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis corneri" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corneri">Schismatoglottis corneri</taxonomicName>
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, 18.iv.2014, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-4683) (7: ZIN, NMPC). Sarawak: Serian, Pichin, between Sugun Karang and Tahang Sipukam, Sungai Kakas, 48 m, 1°06ʹ09.7ʺN 110°28ʹ11.8ʺE, flowering
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<taxonomicName id="CD08AB4FAD1BE0606A339A9E702EBF9A" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis bulbifera" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulbifera">Schismatoglottis bulbifera</taxonomicName>
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, 28.vi.2014, Ooi Im Hin & Jeland ak Kisai lgt. (AR-4832) (1: ZIN); Kuching, Padawan, Puncak Borneo, Jungle Trail, 890 m, 1°07ʹ33.5ʺN 110°12ʹ57.4ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A47D628D75C3CEE16705A1A1B523680D" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia glans" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">Ooia glans</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 15.ix.2014, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-93) (92: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH, NHMW); Kuching, Padawan, Puncak Borneo, Sungai Semangas, 472 m, 1°08ʹ26.6ʺN 110°13ʹ36.1ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82100AECB31F451BDF2B306683BFF491" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia glans" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">Ooia glans</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 16.ix.2014, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-4979) (29: ZIN, NMPC, KMNH); Kuching, Matang, Kubah N.P., Sungai Bungen, 230 m, 1°36ʹ30.9ʺN 110°11ʹ35.0ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09B4F2839482E4EC84DE205970000360" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia glans" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">Ooia glans</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 28.vii.2007, P.C.Boyce, Wong Sin Yeng & S.Maclean lgt. (AR-2118) (27: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP); [same locality] flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1E9557385287ED6D53FA0F1BECE1F11" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis mayoana" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mayoana">Schismatoglottis mayoana</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 28.vii.2007, Wong & Maclean lgt. (AR-2122) (1: ZIN); Kuching, Matang, Kubah N.P., Waterfall Trail, 190 m, 1°35ʹ40.2ʺN 110°10ʹ45.9ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E3701C34E07CBD1E070FEF8A1057742" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia glans" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">Ooia glans</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 28.vii.2007, P.C.Boyce, Wong Sin Yeng & S.Maclean lgt. (AR-2117) (10: ZIN, NMPC); Sri Aman, Lubok Antu, Sungai Engkari, Nanga Segerak, Sungai Serjanggut, 332 m, 1°24ʹ46.5ʺN 112°00ʹ18.5ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33A4C85973C56BB11F0E6B7F8949EDF1" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ooia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., 17.iii.2015, Wong Sin Yeng, P.C. Boyce & Bada ak Chendai lgt. (AR-5169) (11: ZIN, NMPC); Sri Aman, Lubok Antu, Engkilili, Tempat Rekreasi Sungai Raya, Sungai Raya, 13 m, 1°06ʹ49.2ʺN 111°30ʹ56.8ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB6BDD65FA11B94359DEAF3A77350742" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis calyptrata" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calyptrata">Schismatoglottis calyptrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, 9.xii.2005, P.C.Boyce, Jeland ak Kisai, Jipom ak Tisai & Mael ak Late lgt. (AR-1632) (38: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH); Sri Aman, Lubok Antu, Sungai Sepipit, 108 m, 1°11ʹ54.9ʺN 111°57ʹ29.4ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0DC429F935D63C102C18626418FEE44C" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis petradoxa" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petradoxa">Schismatoglottis petradoxa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 27.vii.2014, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-4894) (1: ZIN); Kuching, Siburan, Kampung, Giam, Sugun Jawan, 70 m, 1°19ʹ20.7ʺN 110°16ʹ21.4ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C361A84031524AD8B4B6626E22A7B6E" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis giamensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giamensis">Schismatoglottis giamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 20.vi.2009, P.C.Boyce & Wong Sin Yeng lgt. (AR-2549) (56: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH); Kuching, Siburan, Kampung Sikog, Air Terjun Baan Gong, 70 m, 1°20ʹ16.1ʺN 110°20ʹ09.6ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EBA9676FC5A35D03D3CF26815B1FF24" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis baangongensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baangongensis">Schismatoglottis baangongensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 26.vii.2009, P.C.Boyce & Wong Sin Yeng lgt. (AR-2588) (63: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH); Miri, Marudi, Long Lama, Mulu N.P., Trail to Deer Cave, 60 m, 4°02ʹ23.8ʺN 114°48ʹ54.6ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B05EC8A855353EACE1E911E2713DCC47" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Phymatarum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phymatarum borneense" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borneense">Phymatarum borneense</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 5.viii.2006, P.C.Boyce, Wong Sin Yeng, Jeland ak Kisai & Mael ak Litis lgt. (AR-1931) (23: ZIN, NMPC); Miri, Marudi, Long Lama, Mulu N.P., Trail to Deer Cave, 60 m, 4°02ʹ02.0ʺN 114°49ʹ00.0ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="548426955380562AC0CC51568E66CD55" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis muluensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muluensis">Schismatoglottis muluensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 6.viii.2006, P.C.Boyce, Wong Sin Yeng, Jeland ak Kisai & Mael ak Litis lgt. (AR-1941) (110: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH, NHMW); Kuching, Siburan, Kampung Giam, Air Terjun Giam, 37 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B0B7E18533CF72A4E5A45B1017C2EBF7" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3197777">
|
||
01°19
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B298D5EB29952E606A427C33CDF38F4" originalValue="’11.2”">'11.2"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7964EABE2AA51F106808C222A804099A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="110.26984">
|
||
110°16
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8FA371B727ABE1F478780F68964B0B76" originalValue="’11.4”">'11.4"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC20B7A1089B562ED61AAED683F41DA9" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena giamensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="giamensis">Homalomena giamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 07.ii.2016, P.C.Boyce, Jeland ak Kisai & Wong Sin Yen lgt. (AR-1691) (13: ZIN, NMPC); Kampung, Sungai Temaga, trail to Gunung Pueh, 82 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0DD5160E8187ED1BD0DFEEF02E499035" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.7829444">
|
||
01°46
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E4ED2277FB6C9021AD917BF71F8D524D" originalValue="’58.6”">'58.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9D99887141C42C059D6A34743A11C38B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.7185">
|
||
109°43
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15E967474B4752A919401284C9B54950" originalValue="’06.6”">'06.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AF99C504AAC96D62004C900C71DECC4" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schismatoglottis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 23.iii.2014, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-4651) (1: ZIN); Kuching, Siburan, Air Terjun Baan Gong, 70 m, 01°20ʹ16.1ʺN 110°20ʹ09.6ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A3348E393E3511484FF8905656470D0" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena borneensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borneensis">Homalomena borneensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 26.vii.2009, P.C.Boyce & Wong Sin Yeng lgt. (AR-2575) (11: ZIN, NMPC); Kuching, Siburan, Sugun Jawan, 50 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="89C8430C64A0C43321716607CF97D7CC" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3211389">
|
||
01°19
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3CF1B679768FC8D50A5E256832B38C31" originalValue="’16.1”">'16.1"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="90BA6422FD72C1971117B50577ACF941" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="110.27131">
|
||
110°16
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ADF85501E93B11A4BC08CD6146530DE7" originalValue="’16.7”">'16.7"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D9E12DAC2B11B43A859189DE419B4F4" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena gastrofructa" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gastrofructa">Homalomena gastrofructa</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 09.vi.2009, P.C.Boyce & Wong Sin Yeng lgt. (AR-2559) (5: ZIN, NMPC); Miri, Niah N.P., Beside road margin, outside of the main entrance, 13 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9F3FCC9D6C7677DD6AA971793AC8D448" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.8266335">03°49.598'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8C3A772B2F5A5D79A5559AE8BC485AAC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="113.76138">113°45.683'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="43BC0DE72474FA7F49DE6E26EAE6C348" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="3.8262835">03°49.577'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="268F8BA755B9885A5A415D48FB630101" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="113.76183">113°45.710'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="216316F1B6230F609B45FE31F926FFDE" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schismatoglottis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 30.iii.2014, Hoe Yin Chen lgt. (AR-4665) (2: ZIN); Kuching, Sematan, Sungai Temaga, trail to Gunung Pueh, 82 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A335F5CAA05C1F4D2D4E1EA3A2692E18" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.7829444">
|
||
01°46
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D18B78B149062EBC8773924367B581C0" originalValue="’58.6”">'58.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4D5E7BADCE298ECCA336BFE2C296A8CD" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.7185">
|
||
109°43
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6A7712555C3B5BBF4A0652D855FF4392" originalValue="’06.6”">'06.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="682E24E5C4ACDAB710E6D7993FA248F4" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena caput-gorgonis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caput-gorgonis">Homalomena caput-gorgonis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 23.iii.2014, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-4659) (2: ZIN); Kuching, Kampung Sebat Dayak, Air Terjun Sebat, 70 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F8C888A2F5923DA7D80EEA3203C9DE50" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.8015555">
|
||
01°48
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EF26A46B972B842C33547C4D47F6B80A" originalValue="’05.6”">'05.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9CA49589356DAF12B93EC47E08990113" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.71934">
|
||
109°43
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0D1A6F311511ED39070776AD6E7DC14D" originalValue="’09.6”">'09.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="025A7E59DB79C0F1294451FE5AC8593D" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Piptospatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piptospatha elongata" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elongata">Piptospatha elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 21.iii.2014, Wong Sin Yeng & P.C.Boyce lgt. (AR-4367) (1: ZIN); Betong, Roban, Sebankoi, Taman Rekreasi Sebankoi, 154 m, 01°57ʹ27.4ʺN 111°26ʹ04.6ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65FC06E4F7AD7CD3E343648F1C47BD2F" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena ibanorum" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ibanorum">Homalomena ibanorum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 05.xii.2005, P.C.Boyce, Jeland ak Kisai, Jepom ak Tisai, Mael ak Late & Wong Sin Yeng lgt. (AR-1538) (7: ZIN, NMPC); Kuching, Matang, Maha Mariamman Temple, trail to Indian Temple, 350 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="045DC6F92169897022F320C137042765" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.5904721">
|
||
01°35
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C0E83C3FDB59A5DF6E77CA1C1E6B3770" originalValue="’25.7”">'25.7"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="92E1A4F774373C046A75E16B49528F66" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="110.22022">
|
||
110°13
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C1E50F4BD67131C953E819C2DC8E1631" originalValue="’12.8”">'12.8"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AC2FEEAA7A2F0BF9F8682050AF628AD" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena matangae" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="matangae">Homalomena matangae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 04.iii.2014, P.C.Boyce & Jeland ak Kisai lgt. (AR-230) (7: ZIN, NMPC); Kuching, Bau, Krokong, Gua Peri-peri, 30 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9D557949DC68A0687A7DC3DD1C2A054C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.3810834">
|
||
01°22
|
||
<normalizedToken id="663DC67CE2460915D0C0ECC9B7EBC5FD" originalValue="’51.9”">'51.9"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2241215BF8F734E1E676FCF56EDCA901" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="110.119255">
|
||
110°07
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0487B74F3379C9E653B0F26EE728FD55" originalValue="’09.3”">'09.3"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5DD87A257C2AAA7E29598DD74FCC06E9" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schismatoglottis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 09.v.2009, P.C.Boyce & Wong Sin Yeng lgt. (AR-2445) (2: ZIN); Kuching, Bau, Gua Angin, 45 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E23060B2DA97CC8599BD54B28AE4900F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.4152222">
|
||
01°24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17C39514B64A38CFE3D4AE25DE2FF77B" originalValue="’54.8”">'54.8"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1EC500FD9EA1D23007C5ADE7079300E3" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="110.13561">
|
||
110°08
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AAD62E01382E6D12A5C0B8D85104FD7C" originalValue="’08.2”">'08.2"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1B02F2853FB97F7EFB9E29DFADDD7C6" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schismatoglottis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 21.vi.2005, P.C.Boyce & Jeland ak Kisai lgt. (AR-1240) (8: ZIN, NMPC); Roban, Sebankoi, Taman Rekreasi Sebankoi, Site 1, 154 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="853D4CB2F8CA7B53024327041F014467" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.9576112">
|
||
01°57
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D073CBD17127C5AB0789042FD8D17E8C" originalValue="’27.4”">'27.4"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="096FB142C07987949A3940FA491C4AE7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="111.43461">
|
||
111°26
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C7B44FF41C4843938BDCCF6302234B0" originalValue="’04.6”">'04.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BBD0743B8CFF95CFC4BF4F4D44CCF712" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis sarikeense" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarikeense">Schismatoglottis sarikeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 07.ii.2010, Low Shook Ling lgt. (AR-3001) (4: ZIN); Kuching, Siburan, Kampung Sikog, Air Tejun Baan Gong, 70 m, 01°20ʹ16.1ʺN 110°20ʹ09.6ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E50BB8F3B8B148DEDFE31444A58FF29D" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena baangongensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="10" pageNumber="109" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baangongensis">Homalomena baangongensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 26.vi.2009, P.C.Boyce &
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="46E335A2FA008E3BC48ACD8529F20744" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" start="start">Wong</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Sin Yeng lgt. (AR-2574) (44: ZIN, NMPC, IBTP, KMNH); Kuching, Matang, Kubah N.P. Sungai Bungen, 230 m, 01°36ʹ30.9ʺN 110°11ʹ35.0ʺE, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2ABF7FDB8FD4556E63CB2F87B5DC9E4C" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia glans" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">Ooia glans</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ooi Im Hin lgt. (AR-2339) (2: ZIN); Kuching, Bau, Gua Angin, 45 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B63C95E3D6E76A45B108B92611FFA157" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.4152222">
|
||
01°24
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D3CE0B90BAD72AB7D34E29913B5C12C6" originalValue="’54.8”">'54.8"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B86CB3E8FADCFAAA1E650359606F73E0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="110.13561">
|
||
110°08
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0798C675C3E9F907DA796184525CF8D9" originalValue="’08.2”">'08.2"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="149505FD15C3512949780B16BDFD668E" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schismatoglottis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 21.vi.2005, P.C.Boyce & Jeland ak Kisai lgt. (AR-1240) (24: ZIN, NMPC). Miri, Miri, Marudi Long Lama, Mulu National Park, DC limestone, before Kenyalang trail junction, 65 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="290F7DB45F340817905490F5A1959AC9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="4.0415">
|
||
4°02
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9105427C7553275474957B1680576BCC" originalValue="’29.4”">'29.4"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5C3D613C190B6EE08A0352158EE4EEB2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="114.81231">
|
||
114°48
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C276C7DB7B13BA4604DFABFEAEE6CD5A" originalValue="’44.3”">'44.3"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFF586139612DC13D7A45BAF5180A1AB" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis muluensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muluensis">Schismatoglottis muluensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 25.xii.2017, SY Wang team lgt. (SK01) (38: NMPC); [same locality] DC limestone, before 2nd shelter, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B1980043B192E4D0AA8C9A6A784B0FB3" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis colocasioideae" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colocasioideae">Schismatoglottis colocasioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 27.xii.2017 (SK03) (11: NMPC); [same locality and host plant] 30.xii.2017 (SK07) (11: NMPC); [same locality] DC limestone, before Kenyalang trail junction, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46DDBCF248051246A96CF6702E0DF1F9" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis muluensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muluensis">Schismatoglottis muluensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1.i.2018 (SK10) (11: NMPC); [same locality] DC limestone, near Deer water cave, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4FFC3B0952540601D52633840E778322" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis muluensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muluensis">Schismatoglottis muluensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1.i.2018 (SK11) (33: NMPC, IBTP); [same locality] DC limestone, canopy trail, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F4BBE442771AEAC2DB36D35F5352E63" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis colocasioideae" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="colocasioideae">Schismatoglottis colocasioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 7.i.2018 (SK12) (13: NMPC); [same locality] BT right, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="21DDD8EF6BDD594FD7704FF286F327F5" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis serratodentata" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="serratodentata">Schismatoglottis serratodentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 8.i.2018 (SK13) (2: NMPC); [same locality and host plant] 23.i.2018 (SK17) (1: NMPC); [same locality] DC limestone, near Deer water cave, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08740016D2AC8033173FB720AA8045B9" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis pellucida" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellucida">Schismatoglottis pellucida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 30.i.2018 (SK18) (3: NMPC); [same locality] flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47C4792F1732967FFC78DF1B38FE3719" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis multinervia" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">Schismatoglottis multinervia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 31.i.2018 (SK19) (4: NMPC); [same locality and host plant] 3.ii.2018 (SK21) (3: NMPC); Kapit, Taman Rekreasi Sebabai, 84 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B95FF321BAA08B2126AD1DD5833D6123" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.94375">
|
||
1°56
|
||
<normalizedToken id="63212147155A0E0A8A399A2BF14AD168" originalValue="’37.5”">'37.5"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="61DF4F58AFF32653855FEEA2943A966C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="112.90689">
|
||
112°54
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0A2CE1AB8BC3753267DA999D64E12DAB" originalValue="’24.8”">'24.8"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6D53C697FE21BD8B7ABE00A99D9A475F" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia havilandii" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="havilandii">Ooia havilandii</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 22.ix.2017, Wong & Boyce lgt. (AR-3635) (23: NMPC, ZIN): Sarikei Bayong, Ulu Sarikei, Lubok Lemba, Rymah Nyuka, 55 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2B4C3C6E320C3CB902BE1FA8E4BDFDE1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.8948056">
|
||
1°53
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE33B56528438862FCF154535BCFC0A5" originalValue="’41.3”">'41.3"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B1FADE5AE5FB37A3A5BC184EE5A3A560" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="111.5032">
|
||
111°30
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6E4BCC210ED303D9B042894CC6DEACF2" originalValue="’11.5”">'11.5"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26F806497C391CBAE86F2F08B93FA953" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia secta" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="secta">Ooia secta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3.vi.2017, Wong & Boyce lgt. (AR-2756) (1: NMPC); Kuching Lundu, Gunung Gading NP, waterfall 1, 200 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="890E05E47C937984644112C979B44534" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.6911945">
|
||
1°41
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D976A84486C14FC454B0CFA1139325EA" originalValue="’28.3”">'28.3"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CD0669A1E7CA58D524C7EABF31CA4143" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="109.84544">
|
||
109°50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3987E0ED8AC110720BC38AA8F36DEA9B" originalValue="’43.6”">'43.6"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="63121B0549B48D10272DC54DDDD1EF58" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Homalomena</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 27.v.2017, Wong & Boyce lgt. (AR-2757) (3: NMPC); Sarikei Bayong, Ulu Sarikei, Lubok Lemba, Rymah Nyuka, 55 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9DA95584FADAE6D8A1EB210516219C99" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="1.8948056">
|
||
1°53
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A680A388B4AC5B4E0B187C36C168AC12" originalValue="’41.3”">'41.3"</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="447A9E038A111F2694F78169B1E31C41" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="111.5032">
|
||
111°30
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E76101F5D9F56DB8E9CCA1F37AA4DBF7" originalValue="’11.5”">'11.5"</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, flowering
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AE00EA816AC5209C0850A0164D216E3" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis erumpens" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erumpens">Schismatoglottis erumpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex, 3.vi.2017, Wong & Boyce lgt. (AR-2753) (4: NMPC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C8F055132B0192C5D683F52059201E1D" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="89A9B4D20E44474FDF4194E7736244B3" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B6187B380587393EE021637437694E9D" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
This species is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AB18CDE582EEED27FDC7C5F4A27EE2D" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon floricola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="floricola">Cycreon floricola floricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
with which it shares most external characters and genital morphology.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C2D5C936D58E571A82D78FB23B670E8" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon floricola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">Cycreon floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
ssp. n. can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="58EF857F6C7972732AE819B890AA5C32" lsidName="C. floricola" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="floricola">C. floricola floricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the shape of the pronotal punctation consisting only or largely of complete ring-like punctures. The dorsal coloration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C654C2F32BCF5F33391D19B0FCA7FC4" lsidName="C. floricola" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">C. floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is usually more uniform, with elytral colouration not much darker than pronotal one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="107D998658C45C72A15775639B0063A9" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0E06D058C3234B6C3F7AE9F9651391AE" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AA24FB2FC27E31B5DB86781472D4FB12" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Measurements. 2.2-3.4 mm long (length of holotype: 2.9 mm), 1.8
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B6D16509FE11A4427973911590A9EAD1" originalValue="–1.9×">-1.9x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, widest at basal fifth of elytra; weakly convex, 3.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="85F4B7375FB695F90C30A7D0C171EC5B" originalValue="–3.3×">-3.3x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as high (height of holotype: 2.8 mm). Colouration. Pale brown with weakly darker elytra (Fig. 1C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="15B0E4222B2017292E69DF9B4C18D5C3" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Pronotum 2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D9F1C4A0603434E26462A5924D40690A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than long; 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="05BBAFFE1068EA92BE30BC9A8C4CA267" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider at base than between anterior angles, 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C2A57592FE480FF746C10B85784ED935" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
wider than head including eyes. Punctation dense and shallow, consisting of complete ring-like impressions with one small setiferous puncture on posterior margin (Figs 4E, 5F), punctation of approximately same in size and density all over pronotum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="32EC71FC9BEBCA20C4535ACDF8911B7F" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Elytra widest at anterior fifth, 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3B583D58F2425CF22D4B742C779AA25D" originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, 2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C47E1D1054EC1CF64202598636B8C2D" originalValue="–3.0×">-3.0x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as pronotum, 1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7E90F85AA4BAC78DF6ABC606FE6AD0E9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as pronotum. Punctation on intervals composed of semicircular impressions with one setiferous puncture on posterior margin (Fig. 4F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BC335F45DEB1AD266BFE206E585D6B4E" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="B51D02DC46379B834AF01610FCC4885B" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB16B728DEF44199BBAADF6EF6347317" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
In most specimens examined from Borneo, the pronotal punctation consists exclusively of completely ring-like punctures. However, in few localities on the north-western coast of Borneo the punctation of 5-20% of specimens shows a mixture of complete and incomplete rings. In the absence of genetic data, we are unable to analyze this variation in detail, and hence temporarily treat even these specimens as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A66ACDE878286125ACAB7D44C6659B3" lsidName="C. floricola" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">C. floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7BE6EB8E5E112588CE6E41EFE943C2C4" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="26F08D8E8E9553BD9B9F6C66EDF0D221" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24E8830DD270A76B97D94AD781F2D5A5" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">The name of this species is derived from Borneo, the historical name of island where all the known specimens of this subspecies were collected.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="177DDCCC347FF02860C23E3967D4BACF" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5FE9D0C54297F729B1990D54620E8083" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D0C9E243C4358EB17F241E7B808B27E" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">The species seems to be widespread in Borneo, it is recorded from Indonesia: Kalimantan Barat and Kalimantan Selantan and Malaysia: Sabah, Sarawak (Fig. 7)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D0039ED2BB3F51A7896051DB374BDE16" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7C2E1398AAA5D9A1FF1BC18E25E6FD51" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7AE77CFA1CDAE497C93AC34DB0A1552" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
This subspecies has been collected in inflorescences of a number of plant species belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C14E69A9F7DF252F25F75F41F2D78514" family="Araceae" lsidName="Hydrophiloidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
family. It was collected in high numbers in flowers of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D753470846EBE7218FEB21F870DC7BD8" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schismatoglottis</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AB4DC15709C80A0292FD8794261A538B" lsidName="S. calyptrata" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="calyptrata">S. calyptrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32D05EFB2B32551A58279EA1DD053BF9" lsidName="S. colocasioideae" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="colocasioideae">S. colocasioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1707556884E52402DB5D717032F7ED3A" lsidName="S. erumpens" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="erumpens">S. erumpens</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF9D1EFBBCFBDEFC47FF5E62186CFD9D" lsidName="S. giamensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="giamensis">S. giamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 6G),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5B300866063059432AA0BB8604A5284" lsidName="S. mayoana" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="mayoana">S. mayoana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D8FFC3A00AC884AFE157C696DC11BCF" lsidName="S. modesta" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="modesta">S. modesta</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A5AE169A69AEEDFDCA48E82940BE74" lsidName="S. muluensis" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="muluensis">S. muluensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, S.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFECA0B9EB2F0AB06DA56AD6C3740D50" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hydrophiloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrophiloidea multinervia" order="Malvales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multinervia">multinervia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, S.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA005167BD294132FFC0DD87F7675951" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hydrophiloidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hydrophiloidea pellucida" order="Malvales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pellucida">pellucida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="916384DB74DA53222F8E2E2524B644FD" lsidName="S. petradoxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="petradoxa">S. petradoxa</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C6ED8D89303F33FF66DD2A4B1990F6B2" lsidName="S. serratodentata." pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="serratodentata.">S. serratodentata.</taxonomicName>
|
||
It has been also collected in numbers close to one hundred specimens in an inflorescence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB526D4A07475B6EA3032088D48F2EC9" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Ooia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ooia glans" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glans">Ooia glans</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8251E82258A3D3FC19606A02506413B2" originalValue="H–I">H-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43498D6EDA7EB4CC3AAEF4EF0BB2D98C" lsidName="O. havilandii." pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="havilandii.">O. havilandii.</taxonomicName>
|
||
Other known records of host plants include
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A671D053542419142BE877CF478E6006" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alocasia longiloba" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longiloba">Alocasia longiloba</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (Fig. 6F),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6DBEFD77CA74176491317B24E92A91CC" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Gamogyne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gamogyne loi" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loi">Gamogyne loi</taxonomicName>
|
||
, several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E3ED3FCEF8AD739A96D68F89BEDAAEF" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Homalomena</taxonomicName>
|
||
(this paper)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73DAB1DF4D80BA27BFB8F2D72DD58D30" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Phymatarum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phymatarum borneense" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borneense">Phymatarum borneense</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24F6EFFA2C5930E7873F23CA399DF609" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schottarum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schottarum sarikeense" order="Alismatales" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarikeense">Schottarum sarikeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2D7ADCA96228EEAC58A3C5939C2E64C5" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="686E0412E1E8719742301C3DBA0A4FCB" author="Low, SL" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" pagination="84 - 97" title="Floral diversity and pollination strategies of three rheophytic Schismatoglottideae (Araceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12320" volume="18" year="2016">Low et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to H. Takizawa (pers. comm. 2017),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85D75EE9742592B0EC7B0AFC8F5045AA" lsidName="C. borneanus" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="borneanus">C. borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in aggregations in a wide range of aroid inflorescences from lowlands to montane areas (ca. between 100-1500 m a.s.l), mainly in flowers on small open places like trail sides in or near well-preserved primary or secondary forests, or along small streams.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSection id="663A880A46CE041ADD65D88E8BEFF714" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" type="biology of cycreon">
|
||
<paragraph id="D1CED1EF9799E58BBD988961AFF34890" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED7370C4AFD083DAD264AB8735062EEB" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6F83ADEF9729072445D01608D8E404AF" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
All specimens of both subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D653AAF30A40EFCB411D51E03F48B5D7" lsidName="C. floricola" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="species" species="floricola">C. floricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been collected in inflorescences of various
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2DBF18384C1D76869399B1ED3BC05DE5" family="Araceae" lsidName="Hydrophiloidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera, often in high numbers, indicating their tight association with this microhabitat. The fact that there were only two specimens of the genus known up to now likely correspond with the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5C6AFDC936877AE2B257344D326B920" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles, since no study of flower-inhabiting beetles associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51AA04714F027D36D351F9FE573ADB0D" family="Araceae" lsidName="Hydrophiloidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Malaysian Peninsula and Sunda islands was performed previously.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7C22C8F3D4602774226BD606F06012DB" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="11" pageNumber="110">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="55B153B1F07BDA7E45422D5634DA8B27" author="Low, SL" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" pagination="84 - 97" title="Floral diversity and pollination strategies of three rheophytic Schismatoglottideae (Araceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12320" volume="18" year="2016">Low et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied the biology of insects associated with inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A881827922A8E09883348BB9E727DAD0" family="Araceae" lsidName="Hydrophiloidea" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Borneo and demonstrated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38DE536E8173E187B640CC5C9249DE68" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon floricola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="110" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">Cycreon floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="57D61E466CFC7800B638C9F856BD7404" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" start="start">are</pageBreakToken>
|
||
only present in the upper part of the inflorescences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14820133600C67B7801105C0ECD6D140" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Phymatarum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Phymatarum borneense" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="borneense">Phymatarum borneense</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E854CE9A1EEDB7ED4B4386957D99A5A" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schottarum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schottarum sarikeense" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarikeense">Schottarum sarikeense</taxonomicName>
|
||
, never in the pistillate zone (= bottom), and that they are not attracted by the smell of the inflorescences, unlike the co-occurring
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9382E697EA37FF4678A14DB91D954A6D" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Chaloenus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaloenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaloenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37C240634CF0E87C0F02352B1EF8425E" family="Chrysomelidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="family">Chrysomelidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1B602B4AB4C6493A1C8D01EF9036DD1" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colocasiomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colocasiomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4AFA820D9DF661E08363E36A75EB675D" family="Drosophilidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="family">Drosophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Observations of few specimens covered by pollen grains were reported, but only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCE2F84FD6EDFEE4FBEB02B7DBD87422" genus="Colocasiomia" lsidName="Colocasiomia" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="genus">Colocasiomia</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies were considered as pollinators. Subsequent investigations of the pollination biology of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="971F0469C8D10BA7DB098D7773681665" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis calyptrata" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calyptrata">Schismatoglottis calyptrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EBA25401F175DB05D7290CEA87AAAFF2" author="Hoe, YC" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" url="10.1111/plb.12687" year="2018">Hoe et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="263694B9CBABA73D4808EEEF688C98C6" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon floricola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">Cycreon floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
visited all the investigated species except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="957960C46FD0D1A40ACE375C7740F550" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis calyptrata" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calyptrata">Schismatoglottis calyptrata</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65AC4922BFC23FAAFCADEDB530842426" lsidName="S. laxipistillata" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="laxipistillata">S. laxipistillata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but their abundance differed based on host plant species: they were very abundant in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4B40DCEF91503C1E06FE2E8C9ADD23F0" lsidName="S. giamensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="giamensis">S. giamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, S. caesia and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FBF2E4722A48AE32F5240DE47FB30DE" lsidName="S. muluensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="muluensis">S. muluensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but present in single or few specimens only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96BE951F3AAAE61EE7A9E0F226480AE7" lsidName="S. pseudoniahensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="pseudoniahensis">S. pseudoniahensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77B3029EE18D56C110755A8E766EE515" lsidName="S. pantiensis" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="pantiensis">S. pantiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D267BEBCFBC37D40679C52535F2220A" lsidName="S. adducta" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="adducta">S. adducta</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="502CCB70BA90E36F537550F405DEBCBA" lsidName="S. roh" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="roh">S. roh</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1743B791E57E4869D8A9D41ED4897C52" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles were observed to feed on the exudations from the interpistillar staminodes, mated on the pistillate zone and remained inside the lower spathe chamber. They were also revealed as the most effective pollen carriers, carrying 6-15 times more pollen than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8709F44703E57CEE1D8A284C15D461F4" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colocasiomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colocasiomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies and hence considered as secondary pollinators (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="754005C356B86FB25451ACC2D64C67C6" class="Insecta" family="Drosophilidae" genus="Colocasiomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Colocasiomyia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Colocasiomyia</taxonomicName>
|
||
flies were 4-6 times more abundant and are hence considered as main pollinators). No hydrophilid larvae were found in the inflorescences, indicating that they may live in different microhabitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86D811848F43F87112241C8D71F68205" pageId="12" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Mouthparts of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="026B8D3BCA3E7E99A80A5D02266C17C1" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="106A8CFBBB78CEC672E066CD555B9350" originalValue="F–K">F-K</normalizedToken>
|
||
) are unusual when compared to other members of the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF5D1CBC0276B1CAF2A4AC888EBD6FC1" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined so far, differing from them in three aspects: (1) structure of the mandible with two large teeth on the apex (Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6B5D09F6B2C04BB3E933A50E9D38D710" originalValue="F–G">F-G</normalizedToken>
|
||
), (2) excision of the clypeus (varying from weak to very deep, depending of the species; Fig. 5), and (3) shape of the mentum, with deep anterior excision (Figs 1J, 2B, 5). The mandibles of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99F1A0864A572D9DA7111DBFD795B3C7" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined so far bear simple apex (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BAD6D1DAB648B6F77D1F8469ECC82ADF" author="Fikacek, M" editor="Jaech, MA" journalOrPublisher="Monographs of Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" pagination="365 - 394" title="Hydrophilidae: The genus Kanala Balfour-Browne (Coleoptera)." volume="3" volumeTitle="Water Beetles of New Caledonia, volume 1." year="2010">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="64C0172AA497D21667460C1EA4D211B6" originalValue="Fikáček">Fikacek</normalizedToken>
|
||
2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="63670FF4FFB4D3BC91DD50DBE02B39BD" author="Arriaga-Varela, E" journalOrPublisher="African Invertebrates" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" pagination="1 - 23" title="A new genus of coprophagous water scavenger beetle from Africa (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Sphaeridiinae, Megasternini) with a discussion on the CercyonsubgenusAcycreon." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.59.14621" volume="59" year="2018">Arriaga-Varela et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2168402D0F8F569398DC0685CB06BB9" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
have the apex deeply bifid and with two large teeth. When the mandible is examined in mesal view (Fig. 1H), both apical teeth are situated on sides of straight edge, and they become strongly abraded in some specimens (Fig. 1G). This may indicate that mandibular apex is used for processing of some hard/solid material, possibly for scraping organic material from internal parts of the aracean inflorescences, in agreement with the above observations by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="043FFE88E12DF703466E6537CD33C1C7" author="Hoe, YC" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" url="10.1111/plb.12687" year="2018">Hoe et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The inspection of the gut contents of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D6B5E70F64741D389CA1FD650149370" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon floricola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">Cycreon floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="896E7B54AF79EFAC842805FAC50AB729" originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
) revealed that the midgut contains two components, both stained by safranine dye: (1) pollen grains of the respective plant species and (2) the heterogeneous organic matter which cannot be further identified; it does not seem to be just remains of crushed pollen grains, as no partially crushed pollen grains or remains of their exine were found (safranine stains various organic compounds including cellulose, lignine, glucosamines and cell nuclei, and does not allow detailed identification of this component - it may represent organic detritus scraped by the beetles from interior of the inflorescence). The presence of this unspecified organic matter in the intestines indicates that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9138FEF325211D369F56B4A81F8E2D07" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles are not specialized pollen feeders, but the presence of pollen grains in the midgut content confirms that pollen is part of the diet and may be possibly digested. When compared to specialized pollen-feeding New Zealand genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B0496548F146F448B49E84ADFAD5BE8" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Rygmodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rygmodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rygmodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E300917C6F747B1C645EE2ABA81BBC5B" family="Hydrophilidae" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="family">Hydrophilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2CF489988DCB2E5C75E471D4C4D2499" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyclominae">Cyclominae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) analyzed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8909A073D0789434B3F6D7021CEA18A4" author="Minoshima, YN" journalOrPublisher="Webbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12316" year="2018">Minoshima et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, important differences in mandible morphology can be found, confirming that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05947A240BED4EDA17E65E3FD7D6B6A3" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not specialized pollen feeder: (1) mandibular apex is simple and spoon-like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1108C7413586061445F911AC3075865" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Rygmodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rygmodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rygmodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, whereas strongly bifid in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8AC18CDC1ACA6F227B8A4A5EFA54C111" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (2) mola is simply tuberculate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A463FBECEC2EEA1F47A2E8AAE054903A" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Rygmodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rygmodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rygmodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a supposed adaptation to disrupt the pollen exina by grinding), but bears poriferous lamellae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F0838F0A7347B3A9ECA7A72D09BDC51" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all other hydrophilids examined. Unlike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A43B982E2313070F5770A17A30C393C1" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the midgut of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC2F1E20FD5CA1CF19BDBB4FCE76730A" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Rygmodus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rygmodus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rygmodus</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains nearly exclusively pollen grains, with very little fine organic matter (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0E75FADD5BDF9194DFDCEC20A780FD5" author="Minoshima, YN" journalOrPublisher="Webbia" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/ens.12316" year="2018">Minoshima et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="07AE2A6BA6DF85EA62C88BB33373A23C" pageId="12" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The excised clypeus and anterior margin of mentum is unusual in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E60076336CEB2D68808BE6350B07916" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Excised mentum is only known in the Central American genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FBA7FB3ABD94110EFAC3FF95D35EC1F" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nitidulodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nitidulodes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nitidulodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also associated with aroid inflorescences (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0965422683A8AACE261918FDCE541EC0" author="Hansen, M" journalOrPublisher="Kongelige Danske videnskabernes selskab, Copenhagen" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" title="The Hydrophiloid beetles: phylogeny, classification and a revision of the genera (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea)." year="1991">Hansen 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Bloom et al. 2015). Excised clypeus is only present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C128352483255B156227F0BD9908C14" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, the strong variation of mentum and clypeus shape between different species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C606766E9610352D724CEC48CCF7C81C" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also unusual within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40790FEBE5C70DE5B4323049D51FB3A2" lsidName="" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="tribe" tribe="Megasternini">Megasternini</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Usually these characters are very similar in congeneric species and differ at most between genera. We suppose that this interspecific variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2627EB4D68FFDE39E82976E784D8A7E1" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
may indicate species-specific food and host-plant preferences. The data by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2FB7F997E649613BAF23C9B00337FFE1" author="Hoe, YC" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" url="10.1111/plb.12687" year="2018">Hoe et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicate some kind of specificity in host plants, which would be in agreement with this assumption. For example, various genera and species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7BF7E888756209F02151DAD73CCD567" lsidName="Schismatoglottideae" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="tribe" tribe="Schismatoglottideae">Schismatoglottideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were sampled in Mulu National Park (Malaysia, Sarawak) from December 2017 to February 2018, but
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2638AEC01511E19BCD6D5520660FEF39" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles were only found in sampled species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0627BEE630DDC76E73673C9E4747945" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Schismatoglottis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schismatoglottis" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Schismatoglottis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(beetles were present in all sampled plants), whereas not a single specimen was found in inflorescences of Anadendrum, Aglaonema,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B07549F5867D6C5968B95D8406E30DA" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Alocasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alocasia" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Alocasia</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Bucephalandra and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48B8008761D3CBC025A6A879D90597AD" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Lasia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lasia" order="Alismatales" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lasia</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, the material collected from various inflorescences of the single aroid tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="55F8E1B87667C7242943D84E2EDD8FF0" lsidName="Schismatoglottideae" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="tribe" tribe="Schismatoglottideae">Schismatoglottideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="12675ADE49633506C50CC4E6C53E0D70" author="Low, SL" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" pagination="607 - 617" title="Schottarum (Schismatoglottideae: Araceae) substantiated based on combined nuclear and plastid DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0906-7" volume="300" year="2014">Low et al. (2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="27D7C93D04B73D21E1740FF272935F09" author="Low, SL" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biology" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" pagination="84 - 97" title="Floral diversity and pollination strategies of three rheophytic Schismatoglottideae (Araceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12320" volume="18" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hoe & Wong (2016) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66E9DA7728FC26B06D05F93D50225BAD" author="Hoe, YC" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="13" pageNumber="112" url="10.1111/plb.12687" year="2018">Hoe et al. (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
includes two very closely related subspecies only (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7952813E463F894A78291824E756AA92" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon floricola" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="floricola">Cycreon floricola floricola</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46A58EADEA2A58812C2B5F5363AD60B9" lsidName="C. floricola" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="subSpecies" species="floricola" subSpecies="borneanus">C. floricola borneanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
), despite consisting of more than 1000 specimens; not a single specimen of another
|
||
<taxonomicName id="92512C208A25B9AE53C6A8E676CA9D70" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species was collected even in peninsular Malaysia, despite the sampled localities were close to those of two other species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A35005FA72B28E366BEC94F4FFCC1E89" lsidName="C. armandi" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="armandi">C. armandi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B76CFEBEB2EEB1A8D766FC0DACA5989" lsidName="C. adolescens" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" rank="species" species="adolescens">C. adolescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
). We suppose this may be caused by the focus on a single narrow group of host plants, and is congruent with the expected species-specific host preferences in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F97759449A1748DDC406E55D26C0681A" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
beetles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="4674C929B533B662D8939CE1AB9B012C" pageId="12" pageNumber="111">
|
||
<paragraph id="1A50E2142DD28EB81E2B89CC5DD95D6E" pageId="12" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Figure 7. Known distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7134403AF3B7DA37B18D4C034C31DD7A" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Cycreon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cycreon" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cycreon</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |