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<mods:title id="E7C4BEDDFF7B998C962F4E084944FE29">Redescription of four Polish Endonura Cassagnau, 1979 (Collembola, Neanuridae, Neanurinae), with a nomenclature of the ventral chaetae of antennae</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="BCD4F29FCD3D241AFF4FF8F3EB8E7219" box="[151,490,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F471A114CD3D241AFF4FF8F3EB8E7219" blockId="2.[151,490,1804,1830]" box="[151,490,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="AF391678CD3D241AFF4FF8F3EB8E7219" bold="true" box="[151,490,1804,1830]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3D241AFF4FF8F3EB8E7219" authority="Cassagnau, 1979" authorityName="Cassagnau" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,490,1804,1830]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3D241AFF4FF8F3EB8E7219" bold="true" box="[151,490,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3D241AFF4FF8F3EB777219" bold="true" box="[151,275,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Endonura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="905FDCE5CD3D241AFEC2F8F3EB8E7219" author="Cassagnau" box="[282,490,1804,1830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Cassagnau, P. (1979) Les Collemboles Neanuridae des Pays Dinaro-Balkaniques: leur interet phylogenetique et biogeographique. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 8, 185 - 203." type="journal article" year="1979">Cassagnau, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCD4F29FCD3D241AFF4FF8A8E8147251" box="[151,624,1879,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F471A114CD3D241AFF4FF8A8E8147251" blockId="2.[151,757,1879,1934]" box="[151,624,1879,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D4DE863ACD3D241AFF4FF8A8E8147251" box="[151,624,1879,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3D241AFF4FF8A8E80F7251" authority="Cassagnau, 1979: 192" authorityName="Cassagnau" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1979" box="[151,619,1879,1902]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Neanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Endonura">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3D241AFF4FF8A8EA907251" box="[151,244,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Neanura</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3D241AFEDCF8A8EB0B7251" box="[260,367,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Endonura</emphasis>
)
<treatmentCitation id="756F8705CD3D241AFEA6F8A8E80F7251" author="Cassagnau" box="[382,619,1879,1902]" page="192" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="905FDCE5CD3D241AFEA6F8A8E8527251" author="Cassagnau" box="[382,566,1879,1902]" pageId="2" pageNumber="35" refString="Cassagnau, P. (1979) Les Collemboles Neanuridae des Pays Dinaro-Balkaniques: leur interet phylogenetique et biogeographique. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 8, 185 - 203." type="journal article" year="1979">Cassagnau, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 192
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCD4F29FCD3D241AFF4FF888E89172B1" box="[151,757,1911,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F471A114CD3D241AFF4FF888E89172B1" blockId="2.[151,757,1879,1934]" box="[151,757,1911,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<typeStatus id="2B751FB6CD3D241AFF4FF888EAA872B1" box="[151,204,1911,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3D241AFEF5F888E89472B1" authority="Stach, 1929: 282" authorityName="Stach" authorityPageNumber="282" authorityYear="1929" box="[301,752,1911,1934]" class="Collembola" family="Neanuridae" genus="Achorutes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poduromorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrophtalmus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3D241AFEF5F888E85772B1" box="[301,563,1911,1934]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Achorutes tetrophtalmus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="905FDCE5CD3D241AFDE2F888E8DF72B1" author="Stach" box="[570,699,1911,1934]" pageId="2" pageNumber="36" refString="Stach, J. (1929) Verzeichnis der Apterygogenea Ungarns. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, Budapest, 26, 282 - 283." type="journal article" year="1929">Stach, 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 282
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCD4F29FCD3D241BFF4FF840E9E874CD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F471A114CD3D241BFF4FF840E9E874CD" blockId="2.[151,1436,1983,2009]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,152,1138]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3D241AFF4FF840EB7472E6" bold="true" box="[151,272,1983,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3D241AFEF9F840EBC972E6" box="[289,429,1983,2009]" class="Entognatha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Collembola</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3D241AFE63F840E82172E6" box="[443,581,1983,2009]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Neanurinae">Neanurinae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3D241AFD8BF840E8A872E6" box="[595,716,1983,2009]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="2" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Neanurini">Neanurini</taxonomicName>
. 02 + 02 eyes, pigmented or not. Colour of body blue or white, never yellow or red. Dorsal tubercles present, well developed. Mouth part reduced: maxilla styliform, mandible slender or rarely strong. Labrum chaetotaxy: 4/2, 4 or 0/2, 2. Sensilla S on ant. IV of similar size. Head with 10 or 12 tubercles. Tubercles Af and Cl separate or sometimes fused. Tubercles Di and De on head separate, sometimes Di not differentiated. Arrangement of chaetae Di and De on head of the uncross-type (
<bibRefCitation id="905FDCE5CD3C241BFF47FEC7EB0C746D" author="Deharveng" box="[159,360,312,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Deharveng, L. (1983) Morphologie evolutive des Collemboles Neanurinae en particulier de la lignee neanurienne. Travaux du Laboratoire d'Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Edaphiques, Toulouse, 4 (2), 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1983">Deharveng 1983</bibRefCitation>
). Tubercles L and So on head fused. S-chaetae present in typical arrangement and number; 22/11111 on each half tergite from th. II to abd. V. Abdomen IV with 8 tubercles: 2 Di, 2 De, 2 Dl and 2 L, or 5 tubercles: (Di+Di), 2 (De+Dl) and
<specimenCount id="E2C86A9DCD3C241BFD90FE77E81C749D" box="[584,632,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="generic">2 L.</specimenCount>
Abdomen V with 3 tubercles: 2 (De+Dl+L) and (Di+Di) or 2 tubercles: 2 (Di+De+Dl+L). Tubercles Di on abd. V fused or separate. Cryptopygy absent or rarely present. Tibiotarsal chaetotaxy 19, 19, 18. Claw with inner tooth or untoothed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BCD4F29FCD3C241BFF1DFE00E821714D" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F471A114CD3C241BFF1DFE00EEA97695" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFF1DFE00EB2D7726" bold="true" box="[197,329,511,537]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Discussion</emphasis>
. Till now, a definition of the genus
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFD22FDFFE90B7726" box="[762,879,512,537]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFD22FDFFE90B7726" box="[762,879,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was mainly based on the following characters: 02 + 02 eyes, reduced mouth part, the uncross-type of chaetotaxy on head, separate tubercles Di and De on head, 8 tubercles (2 Di, 2 De, 2 Dl, 2 L) on abdomen IV and 3 tubercles on abdomen V (tubercles Di fused).
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFA5BFDAFEB7577AE" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Biloba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incolorata">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFA5BFDAFEFF17756" box="[1411,1429,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFF4FFD87EB7577AE" box="[151,273,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">incolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFE93FD87EBD977AE" box="[331,445,632,657]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Neanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dudichi">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFE93FD87EBD977AE" box="[331,445,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">E dudichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess all mentioned characters except the number of tubercles on abdominal segments (in
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFEF8FD5FEB1C7786" box="[288,376,672,697]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Neanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dudichi">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFEF8FD5FEB1C7786" box="[288,376,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">dudichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
5 tubercles: (Di+Di), 2 (De+Dl) and 2 L on abd. IV; in
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFB5FFD5FEF657786" box="[1159,1281,672,697]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Biloba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incolorata">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFB5FFD5FEF657786" box="[1159,1281,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">incolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2 tubercles (Di+De+Dl+L) on abd.V). However, the uniqueness of both characters does not seem to be a sufficient reason to erect a new genera, especially a monotypic one. Moreover, both mentioned species are closely related to
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFF4FFCE7EB1D760E" box="[151,377,792,817]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatricola">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFF4FFCE7EB1D760E" box="[151,377,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endonura tatricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and altogether form a group of species well separated morphologically from other members of the genus (see: Discussion of
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFD89FCBFE8B37666" box="[593,727,832,858]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tatricola">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFD89FCBFE8077666" box="[593,611,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFDAAFCBFE8B37666" box="[626,727,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">tatricola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In addition, their distribution is strictly limited to the Carpathians which were probably the centre of their origin. In the light of the facts presented above I decided to place
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFF04FC6FEB127696" box="[220,374,912,938]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Biloba" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incolorata">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFF04FC6FEA8A7696" box="[220,238,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFF24FC6FEB127696" box="[252,374,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">incolorata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFE77FC6FE8457696" box="[431,545,912,937]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Neanura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dudichi">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFE77FC6FE8457696" box="[431,545,912,937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">E dudichi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within this genus and to modify its diagnosis accordingly.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F471A114CD3C241BFF1DFC47E821714D" blockId="3.[151,1437,152,1138]" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">
Because of chaetotaxy and arrangement of tubercles on head,
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFC71FC47EE7A76EE" box="[937,1054,952,977]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFC71FC47EE7A76EE" box="[937,1054,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to the European genus
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFF3AFC1FE85F76C5" authority="Cassagnau, 1979" authorityName="Cassagnau" authorityYear="1979" box="[226,571,992,1018]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Cryptonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFF3AFC1FEB0F76C6" box="[226,363,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Cryptonura</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="905FDCE5CD3C241BFEA9FC1FE85F76C5" author="Cassagnau" box="[369,571,992,1018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Cassagnau, P. (1979) Les Collemboles Neanuridae des Pays Dinaro-Balkaniques: leur interet phylogenetique et biogeographique. Biologia Gallo-Hellenica, 8, 185 - 203." type="journal article" year="1979">Cassagnau, 1979</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, they can be easily distinguished by the number of tubercles on abd.V (in
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFEE3FBF7EBD4711E" box="[315,432,1032,1057]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFEE3FBF7EBD4711E" box="[315,432,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
two or three tubercles, in
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFD2FFBF7E9E4711E" box="[759,896,1032,1057]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Cryptonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFD2FFBF7E9E4711E" box="[759,896,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Cryptonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
four tubercles). In addition, most species of
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFF4FFBCFEB447176" box="[151,288,1072,1097]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Cryptonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFF4FFBCFEB447176" box="[151,288,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Cryptonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by strong cryptopygy (in
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFCE0FBCFE9C97176" box="[824,941,1072,1097]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFCE0FBCFE9C97176" box="[824,941,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
absent or weak developed) and massive mandibles (in
<taxonomicName id="33CEDA97CD3C241BFEE6FBA7EBD7714E" box="[318,435,1112,1137]" class="Entognatha" family="Neanuridae" genus="Endonura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="3" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C6BA7D06CD3C241BFEE6FBA7EBD7714E" box="[318,435,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="12">Endonura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather thin).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>