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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.207.3237" ID-GBIF-Dataset="18e27f99-7c53-4700-bc0f-42729127150f" ID-PMC="PMC3409683" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-207-37" ID-PubMed="22855639" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-207-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 207" ModsDocTitle="White-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Crocidura) of coastal islands of Vietnam" checkinTime="1451248903565" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Abramov, Alexei V., Bannikova, Anna A. &amp; Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V." docDate="2012" docId="6C40291913F9016D788EA36CF2864A85" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 207: 37-47" docOrigin="ZooKeys 207" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.207.3237" docTitle="Crocidura fuliginosa Blyth 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="FFC548187263E949FFEAFF8A5410282C" masterDocTitle="White-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Crocidura) of coastal islands of Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1668154149000" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>White-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Crocidura) of coastal islands of Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Abramov, Alexei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Bannikova, Anna A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Rozhnov, Viatcheslav V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number>207</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Crocidura_fuliginosa" authority="Blyth, 1855" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa (Blyth, 1855)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
We have found this species on Con Son Island only. A single specimen was collected near Nui Nha Ban on the north slope of Nui Chua Mt. in the central part of island. The pitfall traps (
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="8.713611">08°42'49&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="106.62028">106°37'13&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
) were set in moist primary forest at an elevation of 250 m asl. Despite considerable trapping efforts (more than 1200 trap
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="40" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
nights) we collected only one specimen. This species was firstly reported from Con Son by
<bibRefCitation author="Van Peenen, PFD" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="419 - 424" title="A collection of mammals from Con Son Island, Vietnam." url="10.2307/1378509" volume="51" year="1970">Van Peenen et al. (1970)</bibRefCitation>
. A single adult male (USNM 357348, Smithsonian Institution) was caught in a small Sherman trap at the side of a trail leading to Nui Nha Ban, at the elevation of 80 m asl. Another specimen (ZMMU S-144368, Zoological Museum of Moscow University) was collected in 1987 in the forest of Bai Canh Islet located just 1 km eastward of the Con Son Island.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
This is a large, long-tailed
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
; tail 79% of head and body length, on average. Means and extremes of measurements (in mm) from 3 adults are: head and body length, 87.0 (83-90); tail length, 68.3 (67-71); hind foot length, 15.7 (15-17); weight (n=1), 16.7 g.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
The mtDNA analysis suggests that specimen from the Con Son Island belongs to
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
Many papers listed
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
as being widespread in mainland Vietnam (Heaney and Timm 1983;
<bibRefCitation author="Huynh, DH" journalOrPublisher="Publ. House &quot; Science &amp; Technics &quot;, Hanoi" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="Checklist of Mammals in Vietnam." year="1994">Huynh et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Kuznetsov, GV" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="Mammals of Vietnam." year="2006">Kuznetsov 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Can, DN" journalOrPublisher="Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="Checklist of Wild Mammal Species of Vietnam." year="2008">Can et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Jenkins, PD" editor="Voss, RS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="356 - 405" title="Chapter 10. Descriptions of new species of Crocidura (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from mainland Southeast Asia, with synopses of previously described species and remarks on biogeography." volume="331" volumeTitle=", Systematic mammalogy: contributions in honour of Guy G. Musser." year="2009">Jenkins et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). A recent comparative study of mtDNA (
<bibRefCitation author="Bannikova, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" title="Mitochondrial diversity of the white-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in Vietnam." volume="2812" year="2011">Bannikova et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) did not confirm its occurrence in Vietnam. Specimens from northern Vietnam (Ha Giang Province) are very different from the shrews taken from the Cameron Highlands (Peninsular Malaysia) assigned to this species. Moreover, the northern Vietnamese specimens are close to the shrews from Yunnan, southern China. A major distinction between Yunnan specimens and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
from Peninsular Malaysia was also found by
<bibRefCitation author="Dubey, S" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="953 - 963" title="Biogeographic origin and radiation of the Old World crocidurine shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear genes." volume="48" year="2008">Dubey et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
in the analysis of nuclear genes.
<bibRefCitation author="Bannikova, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" title="Mitochondrial diversity of the white-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in Vietnam." volume="2812" year="2011">Bannikova et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
proposed to re-establish the name
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura dracula" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dracula">Crocidura dracula</taxonomicName>
for the large white-toothed shrews from northern Vietnam and southern China. This taxon was described by
<bibRefCitation author="Thomas, O" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="686 - 688" title="New species of Crocidura and Petaurista from Yunnan." url="10.1080/00222931208693186" volume="8" year="1912">Thomas (1912)</bibRefCitation>
from southern Yunnan. According to
<bibRefCitation author="Allen, GM" journalOrPublisher="American Museum of Natural History, New York" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="The Mammals of China and Mongolia." url="10.5962/bhl.title.12195" year="1938">Allen (1938)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation author="Ellerman, JR" journalOrPublisher="Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals, 1758 to 1946." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951)</bibRefCitation>
, this species is distributed across southern China and adjacent Indochina.
<bibRefCitation author="Jenkins, PD" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="271 - 309" title="Variation in Eurasian shrews of the genus Crocidura (Insectivora: Soricidae)." volume="30" year="1976">Jenkins (1976)</bibRefCitation>
considered dracula a subspecies of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
, and was followed in this opinion by various authors (Heaney and Timm 1983;
<bibRefCitation author="Jiang, X" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1059 - 1079" title="A revision of the white-toothed shrews (Crocidura) of southern China." url="10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082&lt;1059:AROTWT&gt;2.0.CO;2" volume="82" year="2001">Jiang and Hoffmann 2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Hutterer 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Based on the data from mitochondrial DNA, the name fuliginosa was provisionally restricted to the shrews from the southern part of Southeast Asia, including Malaysia and southern Myanmar (
<bibRefCitation author="Bannikova, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" title="Mitochondrial diversity of the white-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in Vietnam." volume="2812" year="2011">Bannikova et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). A comparison of cytb sequences suggests that specimen from the Con Son Island belongs to this haplogroup (Fig. 2). This is a first genetically confirmed record of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
from Vietnam.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
The occurrence of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
sensu stricto in mainland Vietnam is still questionable (see also
<bibRefCitation author="Heaney, LR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="115 - 120" title="Systematics and distribution of shrews of the genus Crocidura (Mammalia: Insectivora) in Vietnam." volume="96" year="1983">Heaney and Timm 1983</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Jenkins, PD" editor="Voss, RS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="356 - 405" title="Chapter 10. Descriptions of new species of Crocidura (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from mainland Southeast Asia, with synopses of previously described species and remarks on biogeography." volume="331" volumeTitle=", Systematic mammalogy: contributions in honour of Guy G. Musser." year="2009">Jenkins et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
have mentioned museum specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
(= dracula sensu
<bibRefCitation author="Bannikova, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" title="Mitochondrial diversity of the white-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in Vietnam." volume="2812" year="2011">Bannikova et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
) from Lao Cai in northern Vietnam and Yunnan in southern China only. Two other records mentioned by
<bibRefCitation author="Jenkins, PD" editor="Voss, RS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="356 - 405" title="Chapter 10. Descriptions of new species of Crocidura (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from mainland Southeast Asia, with synopses of previously described species and remarks on biogeography." volume="331" volumeTitle=", Systematic mammalogy: contributions in honour of Guy G. Musser." year="2009">Jenkins et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
were based on survey reports, not on museum voucher specimens. One of them (
<bibRefCitation author="Trai, LT" journalOrPublisher="BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" title="An Investment Plan for Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Kon Tum Province, Vietnam: A Contribution to the Management Plan." year="1999">Trai et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
), reporting
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
from Ngoc Linh Mt. in Kon Tum Province, central Vietnam, was based on a visual observation only. Another location mentioned (see
<bibRefCitation author="Jenkins, PD" editor="Voss, RS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="356 - 405" title="Chapter 10. Descriptions of new species of Crocidura (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from mainland Southeast Asia, with synopses of previously described species and remarks on biogeography." volume="331" volumeTitle=", Systematic mammalogy: contributions in honour of Guy G. Musser." year="2009">Jenkins et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
) is Nui Bi Doup, Lam Dong Province, southern Vietnam. In 2004 and 2006, during mammal surveys in Ngoc Linh Mt. conducted by the VRTC, we collected 116 shrews of three
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
species (
<bibRefCitation author="Abramov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Theriology" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="85 - 92" title="Notes on mammals of the Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve (Vietnam, Kon Tum Province)." volume="5" year="2007 b">Abramov et al. 2007b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Rozhnov, VV" editor="Rozhnov, VV" journalOrPublisher="KMK Scientific Press, Moscow" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="455 - 459" title="Insectivorous mammals of Ngoc Linh Mt., Vietnam" volumeTitle="Fauna of Mountain Territories" year="2009">Rozhnov and Abramov 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Two of these species,
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura sokolovi" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sokolovi">Crocidura sokolovi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura zaitsevi" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaitsevi">Crocidura zaitsevi</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="41" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
were new to science (
<bibRefCitation author="Jenkins, PD" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="57 - 68" title="Description of two new species of white-toothed shrews belonging to the genus Crocidura (Soricomorpha: Soricidae) from the Ngoc Linh Mountain, Vietnam." volume="1589" year="2007">Jenkins et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
); the third one was
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura tanakae" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanakae">Crocidura tanakae</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation author="Bannikova, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" title="Mitochondrial diversity of the white-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in Vietnam." volume="2812" year="2011">Bannikova et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Several biodiversity surveys conducted by the VRTC in Nui Bi Doup area in 2002-2009 (
<bibRefCitation author="Abramov, AV" journalOrPublisher="Russian Journal of Theriology" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="61 - 73" title="Small mammals of the Dalat Plateau, southern Vietnam." volume="8" year="2010">Abramov et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
) yielded more than 100 shrews of three
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Crocidura</taxonomicName>
species, including
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura tanakae" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tanakae">Crocidura tanakae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura indochinensis" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="indochinensis">Crocidura indochinensis</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura zaitsevi" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zaitsevi">Crocidura zaitsevi</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation author="Bannikova, AA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 20" title="Mitochondrial diversity of the white-toothed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Crocidura) in Vietnam." volume="2812" year="2011">Bannikova et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). However, we documented no specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Mammalia" family="Soricidae" genus="Crocidura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crocidura fuliginosa" order="Soricomorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuliginosa">Crocidura fuliginosa</taxonomicName>
, neither in the Ngoc Linh nor in the Bi Doup areas.
</paragraph>
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