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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4834" ID-PMC="PMC4411497" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--4834" ID-PubMed="25941452" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e4834" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey" checkinTime="1553126526155" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sirin, Uemit Davut, Caliskan, Hakan &amp; Sahin, Yalcin" docDate="2015" docId="155DFAEB7F27D693361B71A226E764CB" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e4834" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4834" docTitle="Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="4834" masterDocId="560A9B5F721DFF9490780235FFC9FFF1" masterDocTitle="Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="4834" masterPageNumber="4834" pageNumber="4834" updateTime="1668123001295" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sirin, Uemit Davut</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Caliskan, Hakan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sahin, Yalcin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:start>4834</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4834</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4834</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--4834</mods:identifier>
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<taxonomicName authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="equinum" subGenus="Wilhelmia">Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Materials</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-05-23" country="Turkey" latitude="41.387215" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.367039" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-larva="8" specimenCount-pupa="5" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">5 pupae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="larva">8 larvae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="İstanbul">Istanbul</normalizedToken>
; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çatalca">Catalca</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 16; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.387215">41°23'13.96&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.367039">28°22'1.34&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
150; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-05-23">05/23/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-05-23" country="Turkey" latitude="41.39846" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.318962" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-larva="3" specimenCount-pupa="2" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="İstanbul">Istanbul</normalizedToken>
; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çatalca">Catalca</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 17; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.39846">41°23'54.45&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.318962">28°19'8.26&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
151; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-05-23">05/23/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-05-23" country="Turkey" latitude="41.357666" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.228764" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-pupa="4" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="İstanbul">Istanbul</normalizedToken>
; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çatalca">Catalca</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 18; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.357666">41°21'27.60&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.228764">28°13'43.55&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
152; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-05-23">05/23/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-05-23" country="Turkey" latitude="41.384975" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.198566" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-larva="3" specimenCount-male="1" specimenCount-pupa="7" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: sex: 2 rearing adults (
<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
); lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">7 pupae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="İstanbul">Istanbul</normalizedToken>
; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çatalca">Catalca</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 19; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.384975">41°23'5.91&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.198566">28°11'54.84&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
153; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-05-23">05/23/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="24.05.2002 / 09.07.2003" country="Turkey" latitude="41.40058" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="28.16772" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="7" specimenCount-pupa="7" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">5 pupae</specimenCount>
/
<specimenCount type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="İstanbul">Istanbul</normalizedToken>
; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çatalca">Catalca</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 20; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.40058">41°24'2.09&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.16772">28°10'3.80&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
154; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">24.05.2002 / 09.07.2003</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="24.05.2002 / 09.07.2003" country="Turkey" latitude="41.48037" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.953289" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-larva="10" specimenCount-pupa="6" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="larva">10 larvae</specimenCount>
/
<specimenCount type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tekirdağ">Tekirdag</normalizedToken>
; county: Saray; locationRemarks: 23; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.48037">41°28'49.33&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.953289">27°57'11.84&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
155; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">24.05.2002 / 09.07.2003</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-05-29" country="Turkey" latitude="41.67028" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.068863" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="10" specimenCount-larva="7" specimenCount-pupa="3" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="larva">7 larvae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Edirne; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="İnece">Inece</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 55; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.67028">41°40'13.00&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.068863">27°4'7.90&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
156; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-05-29">05/29/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-05-31" country="Turkey" latitude="41.58938" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="26.682692" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-pupa="2" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince: Edirne; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="İskender">Iskender</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 65; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.58938">41°35'21.77&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="26.682692">26°40'57.69&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
157; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-05-31">05/31/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2002-07-06" country="Turkey" latitude="41.45231" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.04558" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="16" specimenCount-larva="12" specimenCount-pupa="4" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">4 pupae</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount type="larva">12 larvae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) equinum (Linnaeus, 1758); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kırklareli">Kirklareli</normalizedToken>
; county: Babaeski; locationRemarks: 103; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.45231">41°27'8.31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.04558">27°2'44.09&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
158; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="2002-07-06">06/07/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
The pupae of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium equinum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="equinum">Simulium equinum</taxonomicName>
can be identified by the banana-like gill branches. Although
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. equinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="equinum">S. equinum</taxonomicName>
is found from central and northern Europe to northeastern Asia, it becomes progressively less common throughout the Mediterranean borderlands and islands (
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="21 - 48" title="New faunal records, with taxonomic annotations, for the blackflies of Turkey (Diptera, Simuliidae)" volume="29" year="2007">Crosskey and Zwick 2007</bibRefCitation>
). This species was reported from the Sakarya river system as a new record for Turkey (
<bibRefCitation author="Sirin, U." journalOrPublisher="Zoology in the Middle East" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="87 - 98" title="New records of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) for the Turkish fauna" volume="36" year="2005">Sirin and Sahin 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="21 - 48" title="New faunal records, with taxonomic annotations, for the blackflies of Turkey (Diptera, Simuliidae)" volume="29" year="2007">Crosskey and Zwick (2007)</bibRefCitation>
also found it at a river near
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kızılcahamam">Kizilcahamam</normalizedToken>
, Ankara. These authors note that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. equinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="equinum">S. equinum</taxonomicName>
typically occurs with other species of the subgenus
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Wilhelmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Wilhelmia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Wilhelmia</taxonomicName>
. We record this species at nine sites, of which six were with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. pseudequinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="pseudequinum">S. pseudequinum</taxonomicName>
and one with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. balcanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="balcanicum">S. balcanicum</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>