668 lines
91 KiB
XML
668 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="70D9FEE58DEDFE3169C996C904083081" ID-CLB-Dataset="27334" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4585.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce5f0aec-336b-4610-8d72-00e24ca4e89e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2636323" ID-ZooBank="7E8CB947-6732-4FA6-871D-318697D6E461" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1554964789110" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Shimonoya, Mitsuru" docDate="2019" docId="E00E87F25363FFD87C82F0B7FDE5FCFE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4585.1.9.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4585 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parachauliodes rastellus Shimonoya 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="166" masterDocId="1C37FF8A5362FFD77C15F55BFD36FFEA" masterDocTitle="A new species of the genus Parachauliodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Northern Kyushu, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="167" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1698719555752" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="16A01429D6E720D97014E670D5837845">A new species of the genus Parachauliodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae: Chauliodinae) from Northern Kyushu, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A5A76B2761914A11396A85846F8F68DF" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9AD70BAFC0331429F79C18D95D86E79D">Shimonoya, Mitsuru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="59C31591B2B674D2878A807D24098CB3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BADBF165A634484205B0A33C2CB28959">
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<mods:date id="6C4E8B0358530EA222296F610ADAF774">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CDC81B6F057A5B187246FE8425CA7218">2019-04-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="AEB19EC93832DFB5FF99B5AC365826D8">4585</mods:number>
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<treatment id="E00E87F25363FFD87C82F0B7FDE5FCFE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941073" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156147138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941073" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E00E87F25363FFD87C82F0B7FDE5FCFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E00E87F25363FFD87C82F0B7FDE5FCFE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<subSubSection id="20BD656F5363FFD67C82F0B7FFD1F9CD" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="681836E45363FFD67C82F0B7FF10F9EC" blockId="1.[151,743,1516,1611]" box="[151,550,1516,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65363FFD67C82F0B7FF10F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,550,1516,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675363FFD67C82F0B7FCF7F9EC" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,449,1516,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65363FFD67C82F0B7FCF7F9EC" bold="true" box="[151,449,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D5363FFD67DDCF0B7FF10F9EC" box="[457,550,1516,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="681836E45363FFD67C82F354FFD1F9CD" blockId="1.[151,743,1516,1611]" box="[151,743,1550,1575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">[New Japanese name: Chikushi-kurosuji-hebitombo]</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="20BD656F5363FFD67C82F369FC18F9A1" box="[151,302,1586,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="description">
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<paragraph id="681836E45363FFD67C82F369FC18F9A1" blockId="1.[151,743,1516,1611]" box="[151,302,1586,1611]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F09C2A615363FFD67C8AF369FDD8F9A1" box="[159,238,1586,1611]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,229,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. holotype male, B. holotype male (head enlarged), C. paratype female, D. paratype female (head enlarged). scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636327/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F09C2A615363FFD67CEFF368FC13F9A1" box="[250,293,1587,1611]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5-6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStart-4="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox-0="[183,1402,1073,1984]" captionTargetBox-1="[182,1411,568,1927]" captionTargetBox-2="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetBox-3="[157,1436,288,1909]" captionTargetBox-4="[220,1336,198,1916]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[168,1419,1058,1993]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[180,1415,567,1928]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[202,1384,177,1916]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. holotype male (alive), B. paratype female (alive)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5-6. 1: Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male antenna, B. female antenna. scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 9. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2636333/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2636335/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">4–9</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="20BD656F5363FFD67C82F321FE20F865" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65363FFD67C82F321FC71F979" bold="true" box="[151,327,1658,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="D8CF3CB95363FFD67D45F321FFE7F95D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2235579822" collectingDate="2018-04-19" collectionCode="UMUT" collectorName="M. Shimonoya" country="Japan" county="Takeo-shi" elevation="30" location="Nagashima" municipality="Takeo-cho" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Saga" typeStatus="holotype">
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:
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(
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), [KYUSHU,
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<collectingCountry id="10B076745363FFD67EFFF320FE73F979" box="[746,837,1659,1683]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
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],
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,
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="887CAC9E5363FFD6788DF321F827F979" box="[1176,1297,1658,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Takeo-cho</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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(altitude
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</elevation>
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),
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<date id="1C1910245363FFD67D42F3C4FCE4F95D" box="[343,466,1695,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-19">19.IV.2018</date>
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</collectingDate>
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(
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<collectorName id="C55253325363FFD67DF3F3C4FFA7F95D" box="[486,657,1694,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">M. Shimonoya</collectorName>
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leg.)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="D8CF3CB95363FFD67EF5F3C4FDCAF931" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2235579824" collectingDate="2018-04-19" collectionCode="UMUT" collectorName="M. Shimonoya" country="Japan" county="Takeo-shi" elevation="30" location="Nagashima" municipality="Takeo-cho" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="13" specimenCount-female="4" specimenCount-male="9" stateProvince="Saga" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="B71C88465363FFD67EF5F3C4FE64F95D" box="[736,850,1695,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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(
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<collectorName id="C55253325363FFD67FACF3C4F952F95D" box="[953,1124,1694,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">M. Shimonoya</collectorName>
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leg.); the same locality as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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,
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<date id="1C1910245363FFD67D24F398FC90F931" box="[305,422,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2017-05-13">13.V.2017</date>
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,
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<date id="1C1910245363FFD67DCEF398FF70F931" box="[475,582,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-01-14">14.I.2018</date>
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larva collected and emerged on
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||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67FA4F398F906F931" box="[945,1072,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-29">29.IV.2018</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5363FFD6782EF398F968F931" box="[1083,1118,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<date id="1C1910245363FFD67870F398F9D2F931" box="[1125,1252,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-12">12.IV.2018</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5363FFD678FAF398F824F931" box="[1263,1298,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<date id="1C1910245363FFD6790CF398F8AEF931" box="[1305,1432,1731,1755]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-20">20.IV.2018</date>
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;
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<collectingCounty id="81794E685363FFD67C82F3BDFC3EF915" box="[151,264,1766,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Takeo-shi</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="887CAC9E5363FFD67D0DF3BDFCA7F915" box="[280,401,1766,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Takeo-cho</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="6D78603F5363FFD67DB7F3BDFCD0F915" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E00E87F25363FFD87C82F0B7FDE5FCFE:6D78603F5363FFD67DB7F3BDFCD0F915" box="[418,486,1766,1791]" country="Japan" county="Takeo-shi" municipality="Takeo-cho" name="Takeo" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" stateProvince="Saga">Takeo</location>
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(altitude
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</elevation>
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)
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,
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<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5363FFD67EADF3BCFFECF915" box="[696,730,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
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<date id="1C1910245363FFD67EF2F3BCFE50F915" box="[743,870,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-19">19.IV.2018</date>
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,
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<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5363FFD67F62F3BCFEACF915" box="[887,922,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
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<date id="1C1910245363FFD67FB2F3BCF910F915" box="[935,1062,1767,1791]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-20">20.IV.2018</date>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="D8CF3CB95363FFD67822F3BCFFDDF8C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2235579821" country="Japan" elevation="38" location="Takemaru" municipality="Munakata-shi" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka" typeStatus="paratype">
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[KYUSHU,
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<collectingCountry id="10B076745363FFD678DCF3BCF812F915" box="[1225,1316,1767,1791]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
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],
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<collectingRegion id="AA63F8065363FFD6792FF3BDFC3BF8C9" country="Japan" name="Fukuoka" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Fukuoka Prefecture</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="887CAC9E5363FFD67D0FF251FC81F8C9" box="[282,439,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Munakata-shi</collectingMunicipality>
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,
|
||
<location id="6D78603F5363FFD67DD0F251FF03F8C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E00E87F25363FFD87C82F0B7FDE5FCFE:6D78603F5363FFD67DD0F251FF03F8C9" box="[453,565,1802,1827]" country="Japan" municipality="Munakata-shi" name="Takemaru" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Takemaru</location>
|
||
(altitude
|
||
<elevation id="E38AD1D75363FFD67EB0F250FFD5F8C9" box="[677,739,1803,1827]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="38.0">
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015363FFD67EB0F250FFD5F8C9" box="[677,739,1803,1827]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="38.0">38 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5363FFD67EEFF250FE28F8C9" box="[762,798,1803,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67F32F251FEA4F8C9" box="[807,914,1802,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-01-16">16.I.2018</date>
|
||
larvae collected and emerged on
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD6790CF250F8AEF8C9" box="[1305,1432,1803,1827]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-19">19.IV.2018</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67C82F274FC20F8AD" box="[151,278,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-30">30.IV.2018</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5363FFD67D37F274FC73F8AD" box="[290,325,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67D58F275FC8EF8AD" box="[333,440,1838,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-01-16">16.I.2018</date>
|
||
larvae collected and emerged on
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67F20F274FE85F8AD" box="[821,947,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-24">24.IV.2018</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67FD5F274F909F8AD" box="[960,1087,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-30">30.IV.2018</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD6785FF274F984F8AD" box="[1098,1202,1839,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-05-01">1.V.2018</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD678A8F275F813F8AD" box="[1213,1317,1838,1863]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-05-06">6.V.2018</date>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D8CF3CB95363FFD67924F274FC3DF865" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2235579823" collectingDate="2017-06-03" collectionCode="VI" collectorName="M. Shimonoya" country="Japan" county="Larvae" elevation="38" location="Takemaru" municipality="Munakata-shi" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fukuoka" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="81794E685363FFD67924F274F849F8AC" box="[1329,1407,1839,1862]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Larvae</collectingCounty>
|
||
in alcohol all 11 exs. (
|
||
<collectorName id="C55253325363FFD67D6BF208FF1EF881" box="[382,552,1874,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">M. Shimonoya</collectorName>
|
||
leg.);
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AA63F8065363FFD67E62F209FE6FF881" box="[631,857,1874,1899]" country="Japan" name="Fukuoka" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Fukuoka Prefecture</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="887CAC9E5363FFD67F72F209F932F881" box="[871,1028,1874,1899]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">Munakata-shi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="6D78603F5363FFD67807F209F9B4F881" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E00E87F25363FFD87C82F0B7FDE5FCFE:6D78603F5363FFD67807F209F9B4F881" box="[1042,1154,1874,1899]" country="Japan" county="Larvae" municipality="Munakata-shi" name="Takemaru" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" stateProvince="Fukuoka">Takemaru</location>
|
||
(altitude
|
||
<elevation id="E38AD1D75363FFD678E6F208F805F881" box="[1267,1331,1875,1899]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="38.0">
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015363FFD678E6F208F805F881" box="[1267,1331,1875,1899]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" unit="m" value="38.0">38 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
), 10 exs.
|
||
<collectingDate id="0C5DE9CC5363FFD67C82F22CFC3DF865" box="[151,267,1911,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2017-06-03">
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67C82F22CFC3DF865" box="[151,267,1911,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2017-06-03">
|
||
3.
|
||
<collectionCode id="0EB6AE215363FFD67CB2F22CFDFEF865" box="[167,200,1911,1935]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="152">VI</collectionCode>
|
||
.2017
|
||
</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D8CF3CB95363FFD67D02F22DFE24F865" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2235579819" box="[279,786,1910,1935]" collectingDate="2018-04-07" collectionCode="UMUT" collectorName="M. Shimonoya" country="Japan" county="Takeo-shi" elevation="30" location="Nagashima" municipality="Takeo-cho" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Saga" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
the same locality as holotype, 1ex.
|
||
<collectingDate id="0C5DE9CC5363FFD67EB4F22CFE24F865" box="[673,786,1911,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-07">
|
||
<date id="1C1910245363FFD67EB4F22CFE24F865" box="[673,786,1911,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="152" value="2018-04-07">7.IV.2018</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5360FFD57C82F2FDFCA2F831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636325/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" startId="2.[151,250,1958,1980]" targetBox="[199,1382,210,1905]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45360FFD57C82F2FDFCA2F831" blockId="2.[151,1435,1958,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65360FFD57C82F2FDFC27F851" bold="true" box="[151,273,1958,1980]" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675360FFD57D37F2FDFF33F856" box="[290,517,1958,1980]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="buchi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65360FFD57D37F2FDFF33F856" box="[290,517,1958,1980]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="153">Parachauliodes buchi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. male, B. female. (Copyright: Antoine Mantilleri, the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5361FFD47C82F238FF9EF87D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636327/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" startId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" targetBox="[156,1436,229,1841]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45361FFD47C82F238FF9EF87D" blockId="3.[151,1436,1891,1943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65361FFD47C82F238FC39F892" bold="true" box="[151,271,1891,1913]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675361FFD47D08F238FF2BF893" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[285,541,1891,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65361FFD47D08F238FF2BF893" box="[285,541,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D5361FFD47E33F238FF4FF892" box="[550,633,1891,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65361FFD47E33F238FF4FF892" bold="true" box="[550,633,1891,1912]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. holotype male, B. holotype male (head enlarged), C. paratype female, D. paratype female (head enlarged). scale bars: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5366FFD37C82F2C6FCA5F858" box="[151,403,1948,1971]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636329/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" startId="4.[151,250,1949,1971]" targetBox="[161,1436,219,1903]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45366FFD37C82F2C6FCA5F858" blockId="4.[151,403,1948,1971]" box="[151,403,1948,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65366FFD37C82F2C6FC24F858" bold="true" box="[151,274,1949,1971]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5367FFD27C82F6AAFF29FBED" box="[151,543,1009,1031]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636331/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" startId="5.[151,250,1009,1031]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,987]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45367FFD27C82F6AAFF29FBED" blockId="5.[151,543,1009,1031]" box="[151,543,1009,1031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65367FFD27C82F6AAFC3BFBEC" bold="true" box="[151,269,1009,1031]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
. Photograph of small rake.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5367FFD27C82F284F9BEF81F" box="[151,1160,2015,2037]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636333/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" startId="5.[151,250,2015,2037]" targetBox="[183,1402,1073,1984]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45367FFD27C82F284F9BEF81F" blockId="5.[151,1160,2015,2037]" box="[151,1160,2015,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65367FFD27C82F284FC3BF81E" bold="true" box="[151,269,2015,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675367FFD27D0CF284FF20F81F" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,534,2015,2037]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65367FFD27D0CF284FF20F81F" box="[281,534,2015,2037]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D5367FFD27E08F2BBFF5BF81F" box="[541,621,2016,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65367FFD27E08F2BBFF5BF81F" bold="true" box="[541,621,2016,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. holotype male (alive), B. paratype female (alive).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BD656F5364FFD17CD2F5CCFCFDFF3F" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F5CCFCFDFF3F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65364FFD17CD2F5CCFC78FF5A" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet “rastellus”, from the Latin for small rake (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17806F5CCF961FF5A" box="[1043,1111,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1009,1031]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,987]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,987]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Photograph of small rake." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636331/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), refers to the rake-like male antenna of the new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BD656F5364FFD17CD2F584F8B0FE8F" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F584F8B0FE8F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65364FFD17CD2F584FC77FF12" bold="true" box="[199,321,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Forewing with many brownish small spots; RP four (or five) -branched, only one branch from
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65364FFD17C82F45FFDE0FEF6" box="[151,214,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">rarp2</emphasis>
|
||
. Male antenna pectinate with short branches, female antenna serrate. Male ectoprocts bilobed, inner surface of dorsal lobe with rows of blackish brush-like spinous setae; gonocoxites
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17FF4F473F92CFEAA" box="[993,1050,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
|
||
lateral view median plate with tip prominently curved dorsad and directed posteriorly, in ventral view median plate teaspoon-like with rounded tip.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BD656F5364FFD07CDDF434FF09FF3F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CDDF434FFF5FE3A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65364FFD17CDDF434FC6FFE62" bold="true" box="[200,345,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65364FFD17D70F42BFC9CFE62" box="[357,426,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Adult.</emphasis>
|
||
Male. Body length average
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17F17F42BFE61FE6D" box="[770,855,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17F7EF42BFEDBFE6D" box="[875,1005,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="35.5" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="31.0">31–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=6; measured while alive because abdomen shrinking after death), forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17ED4F4CFFE27FE46" box="[705,785,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17F35F4CFFEA8FE46" box="[800,926,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.35" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="43.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="38.0">38–49 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=10), hindwing length
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD178AEF4CFF83DFE46" box="[1211,1291,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD1790FF4CFF8AEFE46" box="[1306,1432,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.4" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="44.0" valueMin="34.0">34–44 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=10), antenna length
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17D86F4E3FCD4FE25" box="[403,482,440,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17DE4F4ECFF5BFE25" box="[497,621,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="21.5" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="17.0">17–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F487FE02FD6F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Head dark ochreous, with blackish thick line markings on genae, vertex dark brown, with ochreous longitudinal streaks. Compound eyes dark brown. Ocelli, median ocellus greyish yellow, lateral ocelli brown, with black inner margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17D99F77FFCD0FDD6" box="[396,486,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1891,1913]" captionTargetBox="[156,1436,229,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1869]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. holotype male, B. holotype male (head enlarged), C. paratype female, D. paratype female (head enlarged). scale bars: 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636327/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Antenna blackish brown, flagellum 55–69 (average 62, n=9) segments; proximal half, pectinate with short clavate branches; from half toward tip, gradually modified to serrate; approximately 10 segments of apex moniliform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17DFAF737FF7CFD6F" box="[495,586,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 5-6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,568,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1415,567,1928]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5-6. 1: Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male antenna, B. female antenna. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mouthparts brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F7D4F9ABFC22" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Prothorax greyish dark green, lateral and posterior margin brown to greyish dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD178AEF7D4F821FD42" box="[1211,1303,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,1073,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1419,1058,1993]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. holotype male (alive), B. paratype female (alive)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636333/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs dark brown with dense setae, coxae to tibiae greyish dark green to brown, tarsi and tarsal claws blackish brown. Wings elongated, pale smoky brown. Forewing pterostigmatic area dark brown, with many brownish small spots, three indistinct small dark-brownish nygmata between RP and MA. Hindwing much paler than forewing, two indistinct small dark-brownish nygmata between RP and MA. Veins dark brown, crossveins white. RP four (or five) - branched, only one branch from
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65364FFD17E01F61FFF65FCB6" box="[532,595,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">rarp2</emphasis>
|
||
, three crossveins between RA and RP. M two-branched, four crossveins between RP and MA, four crossveins between M to MP and CuA to CuA1, usually (89.3%, n=14) two crossveins between MP and CuA1, two crossveins between CuP and A1. A1 two-branched, with posterior branch sinuated. A2 two-branched, with anterior branch sinuated, posterior branch strongly sinuated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD1785FF6F4F9B9FC22" box="[1098,1167,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 5-6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,568,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1415,567,1928]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5-6. 1: Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male antenna, B. female antenna. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F68FFF96FADA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Abdomen brown to blackish brown. Tergite 9 brown with setae, in dorsal view wider than long, anteriorly concave, posteriorly convex, with arcuate anterior incision, and center of posterior margin with slightly concaved medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17D1CF147FC55FBDE" box="[265,355,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
), in lateral view subquadrate, with ventral posterior corner roundly produced (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD178CDF147F807FBDE" box="[1240,1329,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sternite 9 with semicircular membranous process. Ectoprocts bilobed, in lateral view subovate, and slightly incised medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17D18F13FFC5FFB96" box="[269,361,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
), in ventral view ventral lobe developed with slightly angular tip and inner margin slightly curved convexly, with shallow longitudinal incision on outer portion, distally inner surface of dorsal lobe with rows of blackish brush-like spinous setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17E23F1F7FFB8FB2E" box="[566,654,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Callus cerci large, not prominent. Gonocoxites 10 sclerotized with a pair of lateral arms (amalgamated with gonocoxites 9), in lateral view median plate with tip prominently curved dorsad and directed posteriorly, dorsally basal area of median plate ridged widely (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD1783AF1AFF9BFFAE6" box="[1071,1161,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
), in ventral view median plate teaspoon-like with rounded tip (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17E2EF04CFFA5FADA" box="[571,659,1303,1328]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F067F9F1FA92" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Female. Body length average
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17E02F067FF50FABE" box="[535,614,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17E61F067FFC7FABE" box="[628,753,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="45.5" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="42.0">42–49 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=4; measured while alive), forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD178E2F067F870FABE" box="[1271,1350,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="47.0">47 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17940F067FDF3FA92" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="45.0">45–48 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=4), hindwing length
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17DC4F03BFF16FA92" box="[465,544,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="42.0">42 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17E3AF03BFF9DFA92" box="[559,683,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="41.0">41–43 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=4), antenna length
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17FB0F03BFEC2FA92" box="[933,1012,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17817F03BF949FA92" box="[1026,1151,1376,1400]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="19.0">19–20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, n=4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F0DFFDFEFA0F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Coloration and general morphology, except antenna and genitalia, almost same as in male. Antenna blackish brown, flagellum 60–64 (average 61, n=3) segments; serrate, approximately 10 segments of apex moniliform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD1797AF0FCFD8CFA0F" captionStart="FIGURE 5-6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,568,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1415,567,1928]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5-6. 1: Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male antenna, B. female antenna. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636335/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F0B4FE30F9BA" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Gonocoxites
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17D4EF0ABFCB0F9E2" box="[347,390,1519,1544]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
lateral view nearly subtrapezoidal with posterior margin produced. Ectoprocts in lateral view digitiform, in ventral view subtriangular. Callus cerci not prominent. Gonocoxites
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17845F34FF948F9C7" box="[1104,1150,1556,1581]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
lateral view foliate with pointed tip, broad, wider than ectoprocts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17E79F36CFFCFF9BA" box="[620,761,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Figs. 7E, 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F306F838F972" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65364FFD17CD2F306FCABF999" box="[199,413,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Larva (last instar).</emphasis>
|
||
Head width, male
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17E60F307FFCBF99E" box="[629,765,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="4.7" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.2">4.2–5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=3), female
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17FB3F307F91BF99E" box="[934,1069,1628,1653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" metricValueMax="7.1" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="6.6" valueMax="7.1" valueMin="6.1">6.1–7.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=4); body length, male
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17943F307FDF3F972" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="41.0" valueMax="43.0" valueMin="39.0">39–43 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015364FFD17D31F324FCA9F972" box="[292,415,1663,1688]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.45" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="5.1" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" unit="mm" value="54.5" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="51.0">51–58 mm</quantity>
|
||
, impossible to determine sexes of larvae from external features until pupation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F3FFF948F90A" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Head black and shiny, with punctures. Antenna brown. Clypeus light brown. Mandible black and shiny, with left mandible four teeth, with right three teeth on inner margin in addition to apical tooth.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD17CD2F3B7FC29F8A7" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Prothorax black and shiny, with punctures, medially paired shallow dents; mesothorax and metathorax brown, dorsally blackish thick line marking. Legs, coxae dark brown, trochanter to tarsi brown with dense setae, claws dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45364FFD07CD2F20CFF09FF3F" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Abdominal segments I to VIII unsclerotized, with paired lateral abdominal filaments, dorsal coloration greyish brown, with ochreous small spots, indistinct mid-dorsal longitudinal stripe dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD1787CF227F9F4F87E" box="[1129,1218,1916,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,288,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
); ventral coloration dark brown, with ochreous small spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615364FFD17E6EF2FBFFEFF852" box="[635,729,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,288,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired respiratory tubes on the segment VIII, cylindrical, contiguous at bases, apices narrow and white, with blackish band (also found on exuvium), length of tube 1.1 to 1.3 times as long as basal width of tubes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615365FFD07E58F5CCFF9FFF5A" box="[589,681,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,288,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Segment IX narrower than VIII. Segment X paired anal prolegs, with two brownish hook-shape claws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BD656F5365FFD07CD2F584FCFBFED5" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45365FFD07CD2F584FEEAFF12" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[199,988,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07CD2F584FC56FF12" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="10B076745365FFD07D72F5BBFC9CFF1D" box="[359,426,224,247]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northern Kyushu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AA63F8065365FFD07E95F5BBFF80FF12" box="[640,694,224,248]" country="Japan" name="Saga" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Saga</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="AA63F8065365FFD07EF8F584FE79FF12" box="[749,847,223,248]" country="Japan" name="Fukuoka" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Fukuoka</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prefectures.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45365FFD07CD2F45FFCFBFED5" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07CD2F45FFC1CFEF7" bold="true" box="[199,298,260,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
The larvae of the new species occur shallow streams with substrate that includes few rocks and stones at an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015365FFD07D58F473FCFEFED5" box="[333,456,295,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" unit="m" value="35.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="20.0">
|
||
20 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5365FFD07D98F47CFCFEFED5" box="[397,456,295,320]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">50 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BD656F5365FFDD7CD2F417FEFEFBA4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45365FFD07CD2F417FE54FE3A" blockId="7.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07CD2F417FC1DFE8F" bold="true" box="[199,299,332,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults and larvae are active nocturnally. Adult males of the new species are attracted to lights at night. The flying behavior of female at night is unknown. Adult emergence period overlaps to some extent between the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675365FFD07D97F4CEFF3AFE46" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[386,524,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07D97F4CEFF3AFE46" box="[386,524,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Larvae burrow under fallen leaves, sand, or mud in the water diurnally and are nocturnally active moving on the surfaces of benthic sediments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5365FFD07C82F2E1F9FDF83A" box="[151,1227,1978,2000]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636335/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" startId="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" targetBox="[182,1411,568,1927]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45365FFD07C82F2E1F9FDF83A" blockId="7.[151,1227,1978,2031]" box="[151,1227,1978,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07C82F2E1FC17F825" bold="true" box="[151,289,1978,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 5-6</emphasis>
|
||
. 1:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675365FFD07D5DF2E1FF70F83A" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[328,582,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07D5DF2E1FF70F83A" box="[328,582,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D5365FFD07E59F2E1FFABF825" box="[588,669,1978,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07E59F2E1FFABF825" bold="true" box="[588,669,1978,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. male antenna, B. female antenna. scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45365FFD07C82F282FEC2F805" blockId="7.[151,1227,1978,2031]" box="[151,1012,2009,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
2:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675365FFD07CA4F282FC98F805" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[177,430,2009,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07CA4F282FC98F805" box="[177,430,2009,2031]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D5365FFD07DA0F282FF33F804" box="[437,517,2009,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65365FFD07DA0F282FF33F804" bold="true" box="[437,517,2009,2030]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<typeStatus id="B71C88465365FFD07E19F282FF53F805" box="[524,613,2009,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male wing venation. scale bar:
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015365FFD07FB3F282FEC7F805" box="[934,1009,2009,2031]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C536AFFDF7C82F263FEAEF861" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" startId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" targetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E4536AFFDF7C82F263FEAEF861" blockId="8.[151,1436,1848,1931]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536AFFDF7C82F263FC3AF8A7" bold="true" box="[151,268,1848,1870]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 7</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536AFFDF7D0DF263FF23F8A4" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,533,1848,1870]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536AFFDF7D0DF263FF23F8A4" box="[280,533,1848,1870]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D536AFFDF7E0EF263FF5DF8A7" box="[539,619,1848,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536AFFDF7E0EF263FF5DF8A7" bold="true" box="[539,619,1848,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C536BFFDE7C82F2CBF87CF82F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" startId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" targetBox="[157,1436,288,1909]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E4536BFFDE7C82F2CBF87CF82F" blockId="9.[151,1436,1936,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536BFFDE7C82F2CBFC3AF84F" bold="true" box="[151,268,1936,1958]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 8</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536BFFDE7D0DF2CBFF23F84C" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,533,1936,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536BFFDE7D0DF2CBFF23F84C" box="[280,533,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D536BFFDE7E0EF2CBFF5DF84F" box="[539,619,1936,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536BFFDE7E0EF2CBFF5DF84F" bold="true" box="[539,619,1936,1957]" pageId="9" pageNumber="160">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5368FFDD7C82F6DCFCA5FC77" box="[151,403,903,925]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3351332/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" targetBox="[211,1328,188,858]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7C82F6DCFCA5FC77" blockId="10.[151,403,903,925]" box="[151,403,903,925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7C82F6DCFC24FC76" bold="true" box="[151,274,903,925]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7CD2F691FEFEFBA4" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7CD2F691FCD4FC0B" box="[199,482,970,994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Pupation and emergence</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral abdominal filaments of last instar larvae were observed to become wilted, indicating pupation was near. The larvae left the stream and excavated a pupal chamber in moist soil. At room temperature of approximately 24°C, the combined prepupal and pupal stages durations averaged 18 days (both sexes 13–22 days, n=7; male 16–22 days, n=3; female 13–20 days, n=4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BD656F5368FFDD7CD2F101FF43F910" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7CD2F101FC54FB50" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7CD2F101FC73FB98" box="[199,325,1114,1138]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Copulation</emphasis>
|
||
. The next day after emergence, a female mated with a male. Copulation occurred at night. The following day after mating, the male mated with another female. The mating positions in the rearing cage were vertical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615368FFDD7CEFF1FAFC63FB50" box="[250,341,1185,1210]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[220,1336,198,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1384,177,1916]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7CD2F19DFC22FA5C" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7CD2F19DFC7CFB37" box="[199,330,1222,1245]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Oviposition</emphasis>
|
||
. Description of oviposition (one female). The next day after mating, the female laid eggs. Oviposition occurred at night. First, the female held onto a branch with head downward and soon began to oscillate the terminal segment of abdomen slowly as she gradually descended the branch, laying 1,576 eggs around the branch closely with rows in one layer deep in one batch. Duration of oviposition extended over approximately three hours and an average of 8 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5368FFDD7DCFF00DFF14FA84" box="[474,546,1366,1390]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="egg">9 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
are laid per minute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615368FFDD7F1FF00EFEADFA84" box="[778,923,1365,1390]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[220,1336,198,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1384,177,1916]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Figs. 9B, 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The female continued to descend the branch without laying eggs and oscillating her terminalia to the left and right slowly for about five minutes before leaving the branch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7CD2F099FCDCF9C8" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7CD2F099FDC9FA33" box="[199,255,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Eggs</emphasis>
|
||
. Length
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015368FFDD7D79F099FCFEFA33" box="[364,456,1474,1498]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015368FFDD7E36F099FF49FA33" box="[547,639,1474,1498]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, elongate ovate, with micropylar process, coloration light grey with translucent, elliptical shadow of an embryo in the egg, center dark brown, surroundings deep green. Micropylar process pale yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615368FFDD7D96F352FCEBF9C8" box="[387,477,1545,1570]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[220,1336,198,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1384,177,1916]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7CD2F376FE8FF964" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7CD2F376FC19F9AF" box="[199,303,1581,1605]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Hatching</emphasis>
|
||
. The eggs hatched 17 days after oviposition at room temperature of 24°C. Hatching lasted for four days from one egg mass. The egg chorion was cut by mandible of each larva near the micropylar region and the head of the larva was gradually advanced over 8 to 9 minutes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615368FFDD7F40F32EFE9AF964" box="[853,940,1653,1678]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[220,1336,198,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1384,177,1916]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7CD2F3C2FF43F910" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
First instar larvae walked on the egg mass until the sclerotization was complete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615368FFDD7844F3C2F9D6F958" box="[1105,1248,1689,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[220,1336,198,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1384,177,1916]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Figs. 9F, 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and dropped in the water below. Lateral abdominal filaments were observed to stick to the abdomen of the larvae and to unfold after they fell into the water (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A615368FFDD7DCBF3BAFF5EF910" box="[478,616,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" captionTargetBox="[220,1336,198,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[202,1384,177,1916]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
Figs. 9H,
|
||
<date id="1C1910245368FFDD7E5BF3B9FF5EF910" box="[590,616,1762,1786]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">9I</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="20BD656F5368FFD87CD2F25EFDE5FCFE" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45368FFDD7CD2F25EFE08F81C" blockId="10.[151,1437,969,2038]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7CD2F25EFC0DF8F4" bold="true" box="[199,315,1797,1822]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675368FFDD7D54F25EFF6FF8F7" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[321,601,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7D54F25EFF6FF8F7" box="[321,601,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to the sympatric
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675368FFDD7FD2F25DF966F8F7" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[967,1104,1798,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7FD2F25DF966F8F7" box="[967,1104,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675368FFDD7848F25EF8B4F8F7" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1117,1410,1797,1821]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7848F25EF8B4F8F7" box="[1117,1410,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Parachauliodes japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed in Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Fukue Island, and Yaku Island in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="10B076745368FFDD782CF271F94FF8AB" box="[1081,1145,1834,1857]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C364B155368FFDD789DF272F80CF8A8" author="Liu, X. & Hayashi, F. & Yang, D." box="[1160,1338,1833,1858]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="560 - 578" refId="ref4480" refString="Liu, X., Hayashi, F. & Yang, D. (2008) Systematics and biogeography of the fishfly genus Parachauliodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) endemic to the east Asian islands. Systematic Entomology, 33, 560 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00429. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD78ADF271F9DFF8A8" box="[1208,1257,1834,1858]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the geographical variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675368FFDD7DA2F215FF09F88F" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[439,575,1870,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7DA2F215FF09F88F" box="[439,575,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is poorly known, except for specimens from Fukue Island that have blackish wings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C364B155368FFDD7CFEF22AFC95F860" author="Liu, X. & Hayashi, F. & Yang, D." box="[235,419,1905,1930]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" pagination="560 - 578" refId="ref4480" refString="Liu, X., Hayashi, F. & Yang, D. (2008) Systematics and biogeography of the fishfly genus Parachauliodes (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) endemic to the east Asian islands. Systematic Entomology, 33, 560 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2008.00429. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Liu
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7D09F229FC79F860" box="[284,335,1906,1930]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). To minimize the influence of geographical variation, sympatric populations of both the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675368FFDD7D46F2CDFCECF847" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[339,474,1942,1965]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65368FFDD7D46F2CDFCECF847" box="[339,474,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="161">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="7EA1FD6D5368FFDD7DFCF2CDFF64F844" box="[489,594,1941,1966]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="larva">18 larvae</specimenCount>
|
||
) from Saga Prefecture, Takeo-shi, Takeo-cho, Nagashima, altitude
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015368FFDD7954F2CDFD9BF83B" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="33.5" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="22.0">22 to 45 m</quantity>
|
||
and Fukuoka Prefecture, Onga-gun, Okagaki-machi, Joubata (adjacent to the locality of
|
||
<typeStatus id="B71C88465368FFDD78FFF2E1F86CF838" box="[1258,1370,1978,2002]" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
), Mt. Jouyama, altitude
|
||
<quantity id="AF5F9B015368FFDD7D76F285FC9CF81F" box="[355,426,2014,2038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="161" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
|
||
were reared and directly compared.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C5369FFDC7C82F2CFFFB8F802" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636341/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" startId="11.[151,250,1940,1962]" targetBox="[220,1336,198,1916]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E45369FFDC7C82F2CFFFB8F802" blockId="11.[151,1436,1940,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65369FFDC7C82F2CFFC38F843" bold="true" box="[151,270,1940,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">FIGURE 9</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D675369FFDC7D09F2CFFF2AF840" authority="Shimonoya, 2019" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,540,1940,1962]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65369FFDC7D09F2CFFF2AF840" box="[284,540,1940,1962]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF65369FFDC7E31F2CEFF40F840" bold="true" box="[548,630,1941,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="41E0578D5369FFDC7E31F2CEFF40F840" box="[548,630,1941,1962]" pageId="11" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A. copulation, B. oviposition, C. fresh egg mass, D. fresh eggs (enlarged), E. hatching process, F to I. first instar larvae, F. larvae on the egg mass (enlarged), G. larvae on the egg mass, H. dorsal view, I. lateral view. scale bars: 10 mm (C), 1 mm (D, H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C536EFFDB7C82F2FAFCA5F85D" box="[151,403,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636343/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="163" startId="12.[151,250,1953,1975]" targetBox="[201,1362,213,1904]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E4536EFFDB7C82F2FAFCA5F85D" blockId="12.[151,403,1953,1975]" box="[151,403,1953,1975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536EFFDB7C82F2FAFC24F85C" bold="true" box="[151,274,1953,1975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C536FFFDA7C82F2D2FE16F836" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636345/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" startId="13.[151,250,1929,1951]" targetBox="[203,1323,215,1904]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E4536FFFDA7C82F2D2FE16F836" blockId="13.[151,1436,1929,2012]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536FFFDA7C82F2D2FC2DF874" bold="true" box="[151,283,1929,1951]" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536FFFDA7D3FF2D2FF00F875" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[298,566,1929,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536FFFDA7D3FF2D2FF00F875" box="[298,566,1929,1951]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="164">Parachauliodes japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A. male, B. male (alive, enlarged), C. female, D. female (alive, enlarged), E to H. larva (last instar, alive), E. whole body, dorsal view, F. abdomen, ventral view, G. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, H. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bars: 10 mm (A, C), 5 mm (E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3CD8666C536CFFD97C82F2FAFC96F85D" box="[151,416,1953,1975]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3351334/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="165" targetBox="[249,1330,203,1919]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E4536CFFD97C82F2FAFC96F85D" blockId="14.[151,416,1953,1975]" box="[151,416,1953,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536CFFD97C82F2FAFC29F85C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1953,1975]" pageId="14" pageNumber="165">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E4536DFFD87CD2F5C3FC0EFE1E" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
|
||
In adult,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87D23F5C3FF60FF5A" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[310,598,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87D23F5C3FF60FF5A" box="[310,598,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Parachauliodes rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87F9EF5C2F92FFF45" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[907,1049,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87F9EF5C2F92FFF45" box="[907,1049,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a similar longitudinal venation of wings with only one branch from
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87E8DF5E7FFE1FF3E" box="[664,727,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">rarp2</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0C364B15536DFFD87EF3F5E7FE87FF3E" author="Kuwayama, S." box="[742,945,188,212]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" pagination="325 - 412" refId="ref4249" refString="Kuwayama, S. (1962) A revisional synopsis of the Neuroptera in Japan. Pacific Insects, 4, 325 - 412." type="journal article" year="1962">Kuwayama, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the male gonocoxites 10 median plate with rounded tip, but it can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87EE6F5BBFEB6FF1D" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[755,896,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87EE6F5BBFEB6FF1D" box="[755,896,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following characters: 1) male antenna pectinate with short branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87DFBF45FFF71FEF6" box="[494,583,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 5-6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,568,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1415,567,1928]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5-6. 1: Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male antenna, B. female antenna. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636335/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
), 2) crossveins between MP and CuA1 usually two (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87881F45FF9EFFEF6" box="[1172,1241,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 5-6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2000]" captionTargetBox="[182,1411,568,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1415,567,1928]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5-6. 1: Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male antenna, B. female antenna. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636335/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
), 3) coloration of lateral and posterior margin of prothorax brown to greyish dark brown (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87FF4F473F94DFEAA" box="[993,1147,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,2015,2037]" captionTargetBox="[183,1402,1073,1984]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[168,1419,1058,1993]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. holotype male (alive), B. paratype female (alive)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636333/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Figs. 4A, 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 4) male ectoprocts ventral lobe developed with slightly angular tip, with shallow longitudinal incision on outer portion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD878E8F417F860FE8E" box="[1277,1366,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1848,1870]" captionTargetBox="[175,1398,193,1824]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[173,1413,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 7. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. A. male genitalia, dorsal view, B. male genitalia, ventral view, C. male genitalia, lateral view, D. male gonocoxites 10, lateral view, E. female genitalia, lateral view, F. female genitalia, ventral view. c: callus cercus, e: ectoproct, gx: gonocoxite, S: sternite, T: tergite. scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636337/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87992F416FC32FE6D" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87992F416FC32FE6D" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1) male antenna serrate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87E22F42BFFDBFE62" box="[567,749,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[203,1323,215,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[177,1409,169,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Parachauliodes japonicus. A. male, B. male (alive, enlarged), C. female, D. female (alive, enlarged), E to H. larva (last instar, alive), E. whole body, dorsal view, F. abdomen, ventral view, G. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, H. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bars: 10 mm (A, C), 5 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636345/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Figs. 10A, 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
), 2) crossvein between MP and CuA1 usually one (91.7%, n=18) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87CF9F4CFFC94FE46" box="[236,418,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[203,1323,215,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[177,1409,169,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Parachauliodes japonicus. A. male, B. male (alive, enlarged), C. female, D. female (alive, enlarged), E to H. larva (last instar, alive), E. whole body, dorsal view, F. abdomen, ventral view, G. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, H. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bars: 10 mm (A, C), 5 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636345/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Figs. 10A, 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), 3) coloration of lateral and posterior margin of prothorax ochreous (brown preserved) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87C8AF4E3FC64FE3A" box="[159,338,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[203,1323,215,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[177,1409,169,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Parachauliodes japonicus. A. male, B. male (alive, enlarged), C. female, D. female (alive, enlarged), E to H. larva (last instar, alive), E. whole body, dorsal view, F. abdomen, ventral view, G. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, H. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bars: 10 mm (A, C), 5 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636345/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Figs. 10B, 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 4) male ectoprocts ventral lobe developed with rounded tip, and incision on outer portion almost absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="681836E4536DFFD87CD2F75BFDE5FCFE" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,788]" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">
|
||
In last instar larva,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87D89F75BFF2EFDF2" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[412,536,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87D89F75BFF2EFDF2" box="[412,536,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">P. rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87F3CF75BFE87FDFD" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[809,945,512,535]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87F3CF75BFE87FDFD" box="[809,945,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the respiratory tubes on the abdominal segment VIII cylindrical and contiguous at bases, but it can be distinguished by the following characters: 1) coloration of apices of respiratory tubes white, with blackish band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87F91F713F925FD8A" box="[900,1043,584,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,288,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Figs. 8D, 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
), 2) length of tubes 1.1 to 1.3 times as long as basal width of tubes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87E13F737FF56FD6E" box="[518,608,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,288,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 3) ventral coloration of abdomen dark brown, with ochreous small spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87CF5F7CBFC0EFD42" box="[224,312,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[157,1436,288,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1921]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 8. Parachauliodes rastellus sp. nov. larva (last instar, alive). A. whole body, dorsal view, B. whole body, lateral view, C. abdomen, ventral view, D. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, E. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bar: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636339/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87D7EF7CBFCC5FD4D" baseAuthorityName="McLachlan" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[363,499,656,679]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87D7EF7CBFCC5FD4D" box="[363,499,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">P. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1) coloration of apices of tubes white, without the blackish band (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD878F4F7CBF8B9FD42" box="[1249,1423,656,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[203,1323,215,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[177,1409,169,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Parachauliodes japonicus. A. male, B. male (alive, enlarged), C. female, D. female (alive, enlarged), E to H. larva (last instar, alive), E. whole body, dorsal view, F. abdomen, ventral view, G. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, H. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bars: 10 mm (A, C), 5 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636345/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Figs. 10G, 10H</figureCitation>
|
||
), 2) the length of tubes relatively short compared with that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFA74D67536DFFD87F54F7EEFE8BFD26" authorityName="Shimonoya" authorityYear="2019" box="[833,957,692,716]" class="Insecta" family="Corydalidae" genus="Parachauliodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Megaloptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rastellus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5AD3EAF6536DFFD87F54F7EEFE8BFD26" box="[833,957,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">P. rastellus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1.0 to 1.1 times as long as basal width of tubes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD87CF4F783FC7FFD1A" box="[225,329,728,752]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[203,1323,215,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[177,1409,169,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Parachauliodes japonicus. A. male, B. male (alive, enlarged), C. female, D. female (alive, enlarged), E to H. larva (last instar, alive), E. whole body, dorsal view, F. abdomen, ventral view, G. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, H. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bars: 10 mm (A, C), 5 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636345/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 10G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and 3) ventral coloration of abdomen medially ochreous with laterally brownish small spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F09C2A61536DFFD8797AF783FDF0FCFE" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1929,1951]" captionTargetBox="[203,1323,215,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[177,1409,169,1908]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Parachauliodes japonicus. A. male, B. male (alive, enlarged), C. female, D. female (alive, enlarged), E to H. larva (last instar, alive), E. whole body, dorsal view, F. abdomen, ventral view, G. respiratory tubes, dorsal view, H. respiratory tubes, lateral oblique view. scale bars: 10 mm (A, C), 5 mm (E)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2636345/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="166">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |