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<document id="0436D24FD84C5C76FF433634076F9900" ID-CLB-Dataset="45853" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3b136aa2-ca01-4469-8d36-7cbd5d71de08" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230551" ID-ZooBank="933EF6C6-A5BA-4CD3-B0B1-EA4205F36A84" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460416084249" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rafi, Muhammad Ather, Sultan, Amir, Kitching, Ian J., Pittaway, Anthony R., Markhasiov, Maxim, Khan, Muhammad Rafique &amp; Naz, Falak" docDate="2014" docId="03E787F841099E67EBAD46C7FE5EF801" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03794p418.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3794 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hyles euphorbiae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="406" masterDocId="FFDEFF8041049E6AEB3A4362FFD0FF91" masterDocTitle="The Hawkmoth Fauna of Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)" masterLastPageNumber="418" masterPageNumber="393" pageNumber="406" updateTime="1698328862009" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3D6BF9D42A618FC0D5E9A0BA000DE7C7">The Hawkmoth Fauna of Pakistan (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3F0A05737569D32B95DA0CF023918F70">Rafi, Muhammad Ather</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="26C3CBC1AD4E34FB8983C87E4F977957">Sultan, Amir</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D3BCA43447C7DB0EF8FC19B1D5D7DB9C">Kitching, Ian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AF456B598FCCFCAB961915FB6601D753">Pittaway, Anthony R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="19B4B7ADCEFCC0A59CEA11E723C3D6C0">Markhasiov, Maxim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4C3CDF657409D47FB932F20789D6349E">Khan, Muhammad Rafique</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2FC84F47B6223C8B30E2DCEA9A07AC5E">Naz, Falak</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9342D260C2F9FCDCE400013F7DED0116">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E787F841099E67EBAD46C7FE5EF801" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6135063" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119425239" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6135063" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E787F841099E67EBAD46C7FE5EF801" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F841099E67EBAD46C7FE5EF801" lastPageNumber="406" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">
<subSubSection id="C354656541099E67EBAD46C7FE91FA71" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF136EE41099E67EBAD46C7FCD3FA2E" blockId="13.[151,771,1445,1504]" box="[151,771,1445,1471]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">
<heading id="D0B9818241099E67EBAD46C7FCD3FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,771,1445,1471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EBAD46C7FCD3FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,771,1445,1471]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41099E67EBAD46C7FE95FA2E" ID-CoL="3NF4P" box="[151,325,1445,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hyles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EBAD46C7FE95FA2E" bold="true" box="[151,325,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">H. euphorbiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41099E67EA9946C7FCD3FA2E" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[419,771,1445,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hyles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EA9946C7FDFCFA2E" bold="true" box="[419,556,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">euphorbiae</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF136EE41099E67EBAD46A5FE91FA71" blockId="13.[151,771,1445,1504]" box="[151,321,1479,1504]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Plate 3, Fig. 47</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354656541099E67EBAD456DFEAEF9E1" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF136EE41099E67EBAD456DFEAEF9E1" blockId="13.[151,1436,1551,1936]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EBAD456DFD6EF9B9" bold="true" box="[151,702,1551,1576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">
Material examined.
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EAB1456DFDC9F9B9" box="[395,537,1551,1576]" name="Pakistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
, [Islamabad,]
</emphasis>
Margalla Hills, Pir Sohawa,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7A502941099E67EF4C4572FB06F9B9" box="[1142,1238,1552,1576]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" precision="925" value="73.13333">73°08E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CB69B0B41099E67EFD94572FAE3F9B9" box="[1251,1331,1552,1576]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF0102E41099E67EE7A456DFA4CF9B9" box="[1344,1436,1551,1576]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" value="1999-04">iv. 1999</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE2B41099E67EBA54556FF3DF9DD" box="[159,237,1588,1612]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">CRBP</collectionCode>
); [
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EA364556FE07F9DC" bold="true" box="[268,471,1588,1613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Gilgit Baltistan,]</emphasis>
Shandur Pass,
<quantity id="4CB69B0B41099E67E9B04556FD0CF9DD" box="[650,732,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" unit="m" value="4200.0">4200m</quantity>
; “Gilgit, road Gilgit-Chitral”, Shandur Pass,
<quantity id="4CB69B0B41099E67EFDF4556FAA7F9DD" box="[1253,1399,1588,1612]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" unit="m" value="3850.0" valueMax="4000.0" valueMin="3700.0">3700-4000m</quantity>
,
<date id="FFF0102E41099E67EEBF4556FEC6F9E1" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" value="1995-07-06" valueMax="1995-07-11" valueMin="1995-07-06">6- 11.vii.1995</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5FAE2B41099E67EA1E453AFEA2F9E1" box="[292,370,1624,1648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">CRBP</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C354656541099E67EBFD451EFE5EF801" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF136EE41099E67EBFD451EFE5EF801" blockId="13.[151,1436,1551,1936]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EBFD451EFEEBF904" bold="true" box="[199,315,1660,1685]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Remarks.</emphasis>
This is the first record of this species from
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67E806451EFC4FF904" box="[828,927,1660,1685]" name="Pakistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
. Phenotypically, these specimens agree with
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41099E67EBAD45FDFE8FF929" box="[151,351,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hyles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EBAD45FDFE8FF929" box="[151,351,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Hyles euphorbiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EA8C45FDFDECF929" box="[438,572,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41099E67EA8C45FDFDE8F929" box="[438,568,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hyles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">euphorbiae</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but their precise identity remains to be confirmed.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41099E67EFBF45FDFA9CF929" box="[1157,1356,1695,1720]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hyles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EFBF45FDFA9CF929" box="[1157,1356,1695,1720]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Hyles euphorbiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subsp.
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41099E67EBAD45A6FEC7F94C" box="[151,279,1732,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Hyles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euphorbiae">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67EBAD45A6FEC7F94C" box="[151,279,1732,1757]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">euphorbiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found throughout southern and central Europe (except
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67E89545A6FBD7F94C" box="[943,1031,1732,1757]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Corsica</collectingCountry>
, Sardinia, the Balearic Islands, and possibly southern
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EA564585FE70F891" box="[364,416,1767,1792]" name="Italy" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Italy</collectingCountry>
and Sicily), eastward across
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67E9C74585FC98F891" box="[765,840,1767,1792]" name="Russia" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Russia</collectingCountry>
to southwestern Siberia, the western and southern slopes of the Altai Mountains and northwestern
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67E9FC446EFCDCF8B4" box="[710,780,1804,1829]" name="China" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">China</collectingCountry>
, then south through eastern
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EF6C446EFB0CF8B4" box="[1110,1244,1804,1829]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EFD3446FFABAF8B4" box="[1257,1386,1805,1829]" name="Kyrgyzstan" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Kyrgyzstan</collectingCountry>
and southeastern
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EA10444DFE78F8D9" box="[298,424,1839,1864]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EAF6444DFDEAF8D9" box="[460,570,1839,1864]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
and possibly northern
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67E800444DFC49F8D9" box="[826,921,1839,1864]" name="Pakistan" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
(Pittaway, 2013). The species was introduced into
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EBF34436FECDF8FC" box="[201,285,1876,1901]" name="Canada" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the
<collectingCountry id="F359767E41099E67EA474436FE19F8FD" box="[381,457,1876,1900]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
as a biological control agent of weed species of
<taxonomicName id="4C4E4D6D41099E67E8D24436FAC6F8FD" authority="Hansen, 2012" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="2012" box="[1000,1302,1876,1901]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93AEAFC41099E67E8D24436FBB0F8FC" box="[1000,1120,1876,1901]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="406">Euphorbia</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFDF4B1F41099E67EF554436FADEF8FD" author="Hansen" box="[1135,1294,1876,1900]" pageId="13" pageNumber="406" refString="Hansen, R. (2012) Hyles euphorbiae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). In: Shelton. A. (Ed.), Biological Control: A Guide to Natural Enemies in North America. Available from: http: // www. nysaes. cornell. edu / ent / biocontrol / weedfeed / Hyles. html (accessed 5 April 2013)" type="journal article" year="2012">Hansen, 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but has not had the desired effect.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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